Geografi kelas XI BAB 5 Mobilitas penduduk dan Tenaga kerja

Summary

The video discusses the dynamics of population mobility and labor force in Indonesia. It highlights different types of mobility, including non-permanent (commuting, circulation) and permanent migration (internal and international). The video covers factors influencing migration, such as economic opportunities, education, safety, politics, and family. Additionally, it addresses workforce issues like high unemployment, low skills, and regional imbalances. The Indonesian government’s role in tackling labor force challenges, through training programs and job creation initiatives, is also explained, offering insight into how economic development is intertwined with labor market strategies.

Takeaways

• 😀 Migration is a social phenomenon and movement of people, and those involved in migration are called migrants.
• 😀 Mobility can be divided into two categories: non-permanent mobility (commuting) and permanent mobility (migration).
• 😀 Commuting involves round-trip movement, such as traveling from one city to another for work or study without staying overnight.
• 😀 Circulation is a type of mobility where people stay at the destination temporarily, unlike commuting.
• 😀 Permanent migration involves the movement of people from one region to another and settling there. This includes international migration, internal migration, and transmigration.
• 😀 International migration involves people moving from one country to another (immigration, emigration, and re-migration).
• 😀 Urbanization refers to the movement of people from rural to urban areas in search of employment, while ruralization involves temporary movement from cities to rural areas.
• 😀 Transmigration is the movement of people from one island to another within the same country, typically from densely populated areas to less populated regions.
• 😀 Migration rates in an area can be calculated by subtracting outgoing migration from incoming migration and dividing by the total population.
• 😀 Various factors influence migration, such as economic opportunities, education, safety, political views, and family proximity.
• 😀 Labor force issues in Indonesia include high unemployment, low education levels, uneven distribution of the labor force, and inadequate protection for workers.

Q & A

What is population mobility and why is it important in geography?

Population mobility refers to the movement of people from one location to another. It is an important concept in geography because it helps explain how populations change in terms of location, growth, and economic opportunities, and how migration affects the social, cultural, and political landscapes of regions.

What are the two main types of population mobility?

The two main types of population mobility are permanent mobility (migration) and non-permanent mobility (commuting). Non-permanent mobility includes daily or periodic movements, like commuting for work or school, while permanent mobility involves long-term relocation, such as migration.

What is the difference between commuting and circulation in terms of population mobility?

Commuting refers to a form of non-permanent mobility where people travel back and forth from one location to another, usually without staying overnight. Circulation, on the other hand, involves movement to a destination and staying there temporarily, but not permanently.

How is migration classified based on its permanence?

Migration is classified into two main categories: internal migration (movement within the same country, such as urbanization or ruralization) and international migration (movement across countries, such as immigration and emigration). Internal migration can further include specific forms like transmigration.

What factors push and pull people towards migration?

Factors that push people to migrate include economic opportunities, political instability, environmental disasters, and social issues. Pull factors include better job prospects, education, safety, and a higher quality of life in the destination area.

What is the difference between immigration and emigration?

Immigration refers to the movement of people into a new country (e.g., Japanese citizens moving to Indonesia), while emigration refers to leaving one's own country to live in another (e.g., Indonesians moving to Japan for work).

What is transmigration and how does it work?

Transmigration refers to the movement of people from one region or island to another within the same country. In Indonesia, it typically involves people moving from more densely populated areas like Java to less populated areas like Kalimantan, often to reduce overcrowding and promote regional development.

What are some of the challenges in Indonesia related to labor and employment?

Challenges include high unemployment rates, low levels of education and skills in the labor force, uneven distribution of workers across regions, and inadequate worker protections. These issues can hinder economic development and the effective use of the workforce.

What are some ways the government can address labor issues in Indonesia?

The government can improve labor issues by implementing policies that create more job opportunities, invest in worker education and training, enhance worker protections, and improve working conditions. Additionally, expanding international job opportunities and fostering a balanced labor market can help.

What is the role of human labor in economic development?

Human labor is a critical factor in driving economic development, as it directly influences productivity and the production of goods and services. A skilled and healthy workforce can significantly contribute to the growth of national income, while a lack of skilled workers can stifle economic progress.