Sejarah Singkat Profesi Guru di Indonesia serta Tugas dan Fungsi seorang Guru | Profesi Kependidikan

Summary

The video discusses the history and evolution of the teaching profession in Indonesia, beginning with the early days when teachers were chosen from the community without specialized training. It covers four key periods: the Dutch colonial era, the Japanese occupation, the early independence era, and the New Order period. The video also highlights the essential roles and functions of teachers, including their responsibilities as educators, disciplinarians, mentors, leaders, and role models. Emphasis is placed on the continuous improvement of teaching methods and the importance of teachers in shaping both academic and personal growth.

Takeaways

• 😀 The history of the teaching profession in Indonesia dates back to the 1852 establishment of the first teacher school in Solo, focusing on basic skills like reading, writing, and arithmetic.
• 😀 During the Dutch colonial era, teachers were trained through observation and imitation, and students often taught at basic schools after graduation.
• 😀 The Japanese occupation led to a restructured teacher education system, with separated schools for boys and girls and a curriculum that included military training and physical education.
• 😀 After Indonesia's independence in 1945, the country faced a shortage of teachers and school buildings, prompting the creation of temporary teacher training courses.
• 😀 In the New Order era under President Soeharto, the government established over 6,000 elementary schools and enhanced teacher education through the SPG (Sekolah Pendidikan Guru) system.
• 😀 The SPG curriculum was revised over time, with updates made in 1968 and 1976 to better prepare teachers.
• 😀 The 1998 reform era introduced competency-based curricula for teacher training, emphasizing skills and knowledge relevant to modern education.
• 😀 Teachers have several key roles: they are educators, role models, and responsible for student discipline, ensuring students meet societal norms.
• 😀 As teachers, they also act as guides, supporting students' mental, emotional, creative, moral, and spiritual development.
• 😀 Teachers are expected to be leaders, with strong personalities and knowledge, guiding students as role models in both academic and life matters.
• 😀 Continuous professional development is essential for teachers to stay updated with new teaching methods and maintain relevance in the classroom.

Q & A

What is the history of the teaching profession in Indonesia?

The history of the teaching profession in Indonesia can be divided into four main periods: the Dutch colonial era, the Japanese occupation era, the independence and Old Order period, and the New Order and Reform era. During the Dutch era, teachers were often individuals without formal educational qualifications. During the Japanese era, a military-style educational system was implemented. After independence, efforts were made to address the shortage of teachers, and the government established teacher training courses. In the New Order era, significant educational policies and teacher training reforms were made.

How did the teaching profession evolve during the Dutch colonial era?

During the Dutch colonial era, teachers were primarily individuals without formal education who learned by observing senior teachers. After completing their education, students became teachers in Volkschool (People's Schools), a three-year primary school with a simple curriculum focusing on reading, writing, and arithmetic.

What was the role of Japanese colonial education in shaping the teaching profession?

Under Japanese colonial rule, teacher training schools were established with a strict division between male and female students. The Japanese education system included military training, community service, forced labor, and physical education to help control and indoctrinate students.

How did teacher training evolve during the early years of Indonesian independence?

After Indonesia's independence in 1945, the government faced a shortage of teachers and school buildings. To address this, temporary teacher training programs called 'kursus pengajar' were established to prepare individuals for teaching and to promote the government's education policy.

What were the educational reforms implemented during the New Order era?

During the New Order era under President Soeharto, approximately 6,000 elementary schools were built to address the lack of educational facilities. The government also developed teacher training schools (SPG) and introduced new curricula, including the SPG curriculum of 1968, which was revised in 1976.

What significant educational changes occurred after the reform era in Indonesia?

Following the reform era after 1998, a competency-based curriculum was introduced, including the 2004-2006 curriculum and the 2013 curriculum, aiming to improve the quality of education in Indonesia.

What are the main duties and functions of a teacher in Indonesia?

The main duties and functions of a teacher include being a role model and educator, maintaining discipline, guiding students in their learning, managing the learning environment, providing leadership, and continuously developing their own knowledge and skills.

How does a teacher act as a role model in the classroom?

A teacher serves as a role model by displaying positive behavior and actions that students can emulate. Teachers are expected to set a good example for students and the surrounding community, influencing their moral and ethical development.

What is the significance of a teacher’s role in managing learning?

A teacher is responsible for selecting and applying appropriate teaching methods and managing the learning environment. Teachers must also keep their skills updated to ensure that the knowledge they impart is current and relevant.

How does a teacher fulfill the role of a leader in education?

A teacher fulfills the role of a leader by guiding students through their learning journey. Teachers must have strong knowledge, personality, and leadership qualities to effectively guide their students, ensuring both academic and personal development.