PERPINDAHAN IBUKOTA NEGARA INDONESIA

Summary

The video explores the history of Indonesia’s capital city, Jakarta, since the country's independence. It details the multiple relocations of the capital, including the temporary shifts to Yogyakarta, Bukittinggi, and Bireuen during critical moments in Indonesia’s struggle for independence. The first shift to Yogyakarta occurred in 1946 after the threat of Dutch forces, followed by Bukittinggi in 1948, and Bireuen for a brief period in 1948 as well. The video concludes with the recent decision in 2022 to relocate the capital from Jakarta to Kutai Kartanegara in East Kalimantan, marking a significant shift in the country’s history.

Takeaways

• 😀 Jakarta has been the capital of Indonesia since independence and remains the political center of the country.
• 😀 The relocation of Indonesia's capital was proposed multiple times during the presidencies of Bung Karno and SBY, but it was not until February 15, 2022 that the Indonesian parliament passed the law to move the capital.
• 😀 The new capital is set to be located in Kutai Kartanegara, East Kalimantan.
• 😀 After Indonesia's independence, the capital was temporarily moved several times, starting with Yogyakarta in September 1945 due to military threats.
• 😀 Yogyakarta became the capital for a brief period, from January 4, 1946 until December 27, 1949, when sovereignty was transferred from the Netherlands to Indonesia.
• 😀 In 1948, the capital moved to Bukittinggi, West Sumatra, during the second Dutch military aggression. This was due to the attack on Yogyakarta and the capture of Soekarno and Hatta.
• 😀 During the Emergency Government of the Republic of Indonesia (PDRI), Bukittinggi served as the temporary capital from December 22, 1948 until July 13, 1949.
• 😀 After the military aggression, Soekarno and Hatta returned to leadership, and the mandate from the PDRI was returned to them after the end of the emergency period.
• 😀 The city of Birwen in Aceh briefly served as the capital for one week, starting June 18, 1948, due to its strategic location and natural defenses during the second military aggression.
• 😀 Birwen was known as 'Kota Juang' due to its resistance against colonial forces, and Soekarno stayed there during this period to continue leading the government.

Q & A

What is the main focus of the script?

The main focus of the script is the history of Indonesia's capital city, Jakarta, and its journey through multiple changes in the capital location since independence. It also discusses the law passed in 2022 that will move the capital from Jakarta to Kutai Kartanegara, Kalimantan.

Why was Jakarta initially selected as Indonesia's capital city?

Jakarta was chosen as the capital of Indonesia after the country's independence, and it has served as the center of governance ever since. The script suggests Jakarta's role as a central hub for the government and administration of the Republic of Indonesia.

When did the government first plan to move the capital city?

The idea of moving the capital city was first planned during the presidencies of Sukarno and Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono (SBY), and was later formalized in a law passed on February 15, 2022.

What significant legal change occurred on February 15, 2022?

On February 15, 2022, President Joko Widodo and the Indonesian parliament passed Law No. 3 of 2022, which legally formalized the move of the capital city from Jakarta to Kutai Kartanegara in Kalimantan.

What were the early instances of temporary capital relocations in Indonesia?

In the early years after independence, Indonesia temporarily relocated its capital several times. The first such move was to Yogyakarta in 1945, following the threat of Dutch military forces re-entering Indonesia after Japan's defeat in World War II.

Why was Yogyakarta chosen as the temporary capital in 1945?

Yogyakarta was chosen as a temporary capital because it was considered safer from the threat posed by the returning Dutch forces. The move was suggested by Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono IX for the safety of President Sukarno and other leaders.

How long did Yogyakarta serve as the capital of Indonesia?

Yogyakarta served as the capital of Indonesia from January 4, 1946, until December 27, 1949, when the power transfer from the Netherlands to Indonesia was completed, following the outcomes of the Round Table Conference.

What happened during the second Dutch military aggression in 1948?

During the second Dutch military aggression in 1948, Dutch forces attacked Yogyakarta, capturing President Sukarno and Vice President Hatta, and exiling them. As a result, the Indonesian government temporarily relocated to Bukittinggi in Sumatra.

How long did Bukittinggi serve as Indonesia's capital?

Bukittinggi served as the capital during the emergency period from December 22, 1948, until July 13, 1949. The emergency government in Bukittinggi was dissolved following the first cabinet meeting with Hatta after the military aggression.

What role did Birwen, Aceh, play in Indonesia's capital history?

Birwen, located in Aceh, temporarily served as the capital for one week, from June 18, 1948, during the second Dutch military aggression. The city was chosen due to its strategic location, surrounded by hills that provided natural protection from enemy forces.