Mengapa Bumi Semakin Panas?

Summary

The transcript discusses extreme heat records in Indonesia, highlighting Majalengka as the only region to record a daily temperature of 40°C, alongside similar events in Maluku Tenggara and Melawi. It attributes rising global temperatures to climate change, El Niño, and increasing greenhouse gases like CO2. The transcript explains how these factors contribute to extreme weather events such as heatwaves and rising sea levels, with significant impacts on ecosystems and human life. It stresses the need for global action to mitigate and adapt to the consequences of climate change, emphasizing the urgency to address rising temperatures and their potential dangers.

Takeaways

• 😀 Indonesia has three regions that recorded daily temperatures exceeding 40°C between 1981 and 2024.
• 😀 The only region that recorded a daily temperature of 40°C among Jakarta, Surabaya, Tangerang Selatan, and Majalengka is Majalengka, on October 12, 2002.
• 😀 Other regions in Indonesia that reached 40°C were Maluku Tenggara (November 21, 2012) and Melawi, Kalimantan Barat (August 8, 1994).
• 😀 Global temperatures have risen, with April 2024 being the hottest month recorded since the industrial revolution, showing an increase of 1.58°C.
• 😀 The primary causes of global warming include climate change and the El Niño phenomenon, which affects global temperatures.
• 😀 Extreme heat during El Niño is caused by increased temperatures in the Pacific Ocean, which affect global weather patterns.
• 😀 Southeast Asia experienced a severe heatwave in April 2024, with temperatures reaching up to 47°C in India and 45°C in Thailand.
• 😀 Indonesia, however, experienced lower daily temperatures, peaking at 37.3°C due to its geographical nature as an archipelago surrounded by water.
• 😀 Rising global temperatures, known as global warming, are driven by the greenhouse effect, where pollutants like CO2, methane, and sulfur trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere.
• 😀 The increasing CO2 levels in the atmosphere (currently over 400 ppm) contribute to higher temperatures globally, affecting both land and sea surface temperatures.
• 😀 The impacts of climate change include more frequent extreme weather events, rising sea levels, water and food shortages, and the increasing risk of heat-related health issues like heat stroke.

Q & A

Which regions in Indonesia recorded a daily temperature of 40 degrees Celsius between 1981 and 2024?

Between 1981 and 2024, three regions in Indonesia recorded a daily temperature of 40 degrees Celsius. These regions are Majalengka (12 October 2002), Maluku Tenggara (21 November 2012), and Melawi (8 August 1994).

Which region from the four options (Jakarta, Surabaya, Tangerang Selatan, or Majalengka) reached a temperature of 40°C?

Among the four regions mentioned, Majalengka is the only one that recorded a daily temperature of 40°C, according to BMKG data.

What factors contribute to the rise in global temperatures and extreme heat events?

The rise in global temperatures and extreme heat events can be attributed to several factors, including climate change, El Niño events, and feedback mechanisms such as the interaction between heat buildup and large landmasses, particularly in the Northern Hemisphere.

What is the relationship between the El Niño phenomenon and temperature increases?

El Niño is a climate phenomenon that often leads to a rise in global temperatures. It occurs when the temperature of the Pacific Ocean increases, releasing more heat into the atmosphere and causing warmer conditions worldwide.

Why is the period from April to May particularly hot in Southeast Asia?

April and May are particularly hot in Southeast Asia because the Sun is positioned near the Tropic of Cancer (around 15° North latitude), causing higher-than-normal temperatures in the region, with anomalies reaching up to 5°C above average.

How did the global temperatures in April 2024 compare to historical data?

April 2024 was recorded as the hottest month globally compared to previous years, with temperatures rising 1.58°C above the average temperatures recorded from the period of the Industrial Revolution (1850-1900).

What was the impact of the heatwaves in Southeast Asia during April 2024?

During April 2024, several Southeast Asian countries faced extreme heatwaves. For example, the Philippines reached 41°C, Cambodia 44°C, Vietnam, Myanmar, and Thailand saw 45°C, Bangladesh hit 46°C, and India reached 47°C.

Why was Indonesia less affected by the heatwave compared to other Southeast Asian countries?

Indonesia was less affected by the heatwave because it is an archipelago surrounded by water. This geographical feature slows down temperature increases and promotes regular air circulation, which leads to periodic rainfall, helping cool the region.

What role do greenhouse gases play in global warming?

Greenhouse gases, such as CO2, methane, and sulfur, trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere, preventing it from escaping into space. This results in higher temperatures on the Earth's surface. Activities like burning fossil fuels and deforestation contribute to the increase in these gases.

How have global ocean temperatures changed in recent years, and what is the impact?

Global ocean temperatures have been rising as well. For example, in February and March 2024, the average daily surface temperature of the oceans reached 21.9°C. The warming of oceans contributes to rising sea levels, more intense hydrometeorological disasters, and an increased risk of heat-related illnesses.