Sistem Ekskresi - Perombakan Eritrosit

Summary

This video discusses the breakdown of erythrocytes (red blood cells) in the human body, focusing on their role in the excretory system. Red blood cells are produced in the bone marrow and circulate for about 120 days before being broken down in the liver by macrophage cells known as cover cells. The hemoglobin in erythrocytes is split into iron, which can be reused to form new hemoglobin, and globin, which is broken down into amino acids for protein synthesis. The breakdown products bilirubin and urobilinogen eventually form stercobilin and urobilin, which contribute to the color of feces and urine, respectively.

Takeaways

• 😀 Red blood cells (erythrocytes) are produced in the bone marrow and are released into the bloodstream to function.
• 😀 Erythrocytes circulate for about 120 days before they are broken down.
• 😀 Old or damaged erythrocytes are dismantled in the liver through phagocytosis by specialized cells called Kupffer cells.
• 😀 Kupffer cells are macrophages that not only help break down old red blood cells but also protect the liver from pathogens like bacteria and viruses.
• 😀 Hemoglobin, the pigment in red blood cells, is broken down in the liver into heme and globin.
• 😀 The globin protein is broken down into amino acids, which can be used by cells to synthesize new proteins.
• 😀 The heme is further broken down into biliverdin and iron ions.
• 😀 The iron ions can be reused to form new hemoglobin molecules.
• 😀 Biliverdin is converted into bilrubin, which is added to bile for the digestion of fats.
• 😀 In the intestines, bilrubin is converted into urobilinogen, which is further processed into stercobilin and urobilin.
• 😀 Stercobilin gives feces its brown color, while urobilin is excreted through urine, giving it a yellow color.

Q & A

Where are red blood cells (erythrocytes) produced?

Red blood cells are produced in the bone marrow.

How long do erythrocytes circulate in the bloodstream?

Erythrocytes circulate in the bloodstream for approximately 120 days.

What happens to old or damaged erythrocytes in the body?

Old or damaged erythrocytes are broken down in the liver through a process called phagocytosis by cells known as Kupffer cells.

What are Kupffer cells, and what is their function?

Kupffer cells are macrophages that help break down red blood cells in the liver and also protect the liver cells from pathogens such as bacteria and viruses.

What role does hemoglobin play in erythrocytes?

Hemoglobin is a pigment found in erythrocytes that is responsible for carrying oxygen throughout the body.

How is hemoglobin broken down in the liver?

In the liver, hemoglobin is broken down into heme and globin. Globin is broken down into amino acids, which can be reused by the cells to synthesize new proteins.

What happens to the heme portion of hemoglobin?

Heme is broken down into biliverdin and iron ions. The iron can be reused to form new hemoglobin, while biliverdin is converted into bilirubin.

What is the role of bilirubin in the body?

Bilirubin is excreted into bile and plays a role in fat digestion in the intestines. After processing, it forms urobilinogen.

How does urobilinogen contribute to the excretion process?

Urobilinogen is converted into either stercobilin, which gives feces their brown color, or urobilin, which is excreted through urine and gives urine its yellow color.

What is the significance of stercobilin and urobilin in the body?

Stercobilin contributes to the brown color of feces, while urobilin contributes to the yellow color of urine. Both are by-products of the breakdown of hemoglobin.