Ekonomi Kelas 10 - Alat Pembayaran - SMA Doa Bangsa - Meri Merliana, S.Pd.

Summary

This transcript provides an in-depth exploration of the evolution and types of payment instruments in Indonesia, highlighting both cash and non-cash methods. It discusses the history of money, from barter and commodity money to the use of coins and banknotes, and explains the functions and classifications of money. The video also covers various non-cash payment systems, such as credit cards, checks, and electronic systems like RTGS, highlighting their mechanisms and differences. The importance of understanding payment systems and the role of Bank Indonesia in managing the currency is emphasized, providing valuable insights into the financial infrastructure.

Takeaways

• 😀 Cash payments refer to transactions using physical money, such as coins and banknotes.
• 😀 Non-cash payments involve transactions without physical currency, typically using electronic systems like credit and debit cards, or checks.
• 😀 The history of money evolved from barter (goods exchange) to commodity money, then to precious metals like gold and silver, and eventually to paper and coin currency.
• 😀 Bank Indonesia plays a crucial role in managing Indonesia’s currency, including planning, printing, and withdrawing money from circulation.
• 😀 RTGS (Real-Time Gross Settlement) is a fast, high-value transaction system where funds over Rp100 million are settled in real-time, typically within hours.
• 😀 Clearing systems, like SKNBI, are used for lower-value interbank transactions, which take longer to process (3-4 days) but are more affordable than RTGS.
• 😀 There are two main types of money: **money issued by a government** (fiat currency) and **money that can be traded or exchanged** (commodity money).
• 😀 Banknotes and coins are still the primary forms of cash money in circulation in Indonesia.
• 😀 Non-cash payment instruments can be classified into paper-based (checks, promissory notes), card-based (credit and debit cards), and electronic-based (RTGS, SKNBI).
• 😀 Bank Indonesia ensures that only valid and legal tender remains in circulation by removing outdated or damaged currency from the market.

Q & A

What are the two main types of payment methods discussed in the script?

The two main types of payment methods are 'cash payments' (using physical money like coins and banknotes) and 'non-cash payments' (which do not use physical money, such as credit cards, ATMs, or securities).

What is the historical evolution of money mentioned in the script?

The history of money evolved from barter (exchanging goods for goods), to commodity money (using valuable items like animal skins or shells), to precious metals (like gold and silver), to paper money, and finally to modern banknotes and coins.

What does the term 'barter' refer to?

Barter refers to the direct exchange of goods and services without using money. It was common in ancient times before the development of money.

What is the definition of money provided in the script?

Money is defined as an instrument or medium used for payment in transactions, which is widely accepted in exchange for goods and services.

What are the primary functions of money according to the script?

The primary functions of money are as a 'medium of exchange' and as a 'unit of account'. Additionally, money serves four secondary functions: a 'store of value', a 'standard of deferred payment', a 'measure of wealth', and a 'tool for price comparison'.

What are the two main categories of money based on the issuer?

Money can be classified into two categories based on the issuer: 'currency money' (issued by the government, such as banknotes and coins) and 'giral money' (issued by financial institutions, such as checks or credit cards).

How is money classified based on its material composition?

Money is classified into two types based on its material composition: 'metal money' (coins) and 'paper money' (banknotes).

What is the difference between 'full-value money' and 'non-full-value money'?

Full-value money is where the material of the money (e.g., coins) is worth the amount stated on it, while non-full-value money has a discrepancy between the material cost and the nominal value, as is often the case with paper money.

What are the three types of money standards mentioned in the script?

The three types of money standards discussed are: 'monometallism' (where a single metal, like gold, is used as a standard), 'bimetallism' (using two metals, typically gold and silver), and 'paper-based' or 'mixed standards' (a combination of metal and paper money).

What is the role of Bank Indonesia in managing the national currency, as described in the script?

Bank Indonesia is responsible for managing the national currency, which includes tasks such as planning the money supply, printing money, issuing it, withdrawing damaged or obsolete money, and ensuring that the currency remains in circulation.

How do electronic non-cash payment systems work, according to the script?

Electronic non-cash payments are facilitated through systems like RTGS (Real-Time Gross Settlement), which handles large transfers over 100 million IDR, and systems like clearing and SKNBI (National Bank Indonesia Clearing), which process smaller transactions between banks using electronic methods.