Learn ALL 16 TENSES Easily in under 30 Minutes - Present, Past, Future, Conditional

Summary

In this comprehensive English lesson, Lucy covers all 16 English tenses, including the conditionals, in under 30 minutes. She explains each tense with examples and provides an overview before diving deeper into each category. Lucy also introduces a 30-day Tenses Challenge to master English tenses with detailed videos, exercises, and a supportive community. The video is designed to give learners a clear understanding of English grammar, with an emphasis on the significance of tenses in communication. Additionally, she offers a special price for the challenge, urging students to enroll before the deadline.

Takeaways

• 📚 The video provides a comprehensive overview of all 16 English tenses, including conditionals, aiming to give viewers a solid grasp of English grammar within 30 minutes.
• 🎯 The presenter emphasizes the importance of tenses as the building blocks of English and encourages viewers to put in effort to master them through the 30-day Tenses Challenge.
• 🔗 The 30-day Tenses Challenge offers detailed grammar explanation videos, mindmaps, exercises, reviews, and a final exam to help students master English tenses.
• ⏰ The challenge requires a small investment of 15 minutes per day or 30 minutes every other day, highlighting the accessibility and flexibility of the learning process.
• 🤝 The course community provides an interactive platform where students can engage with teachers and peers, request feedback, ask questions, and clarify doubts.
• 📅 There is a limited-time special price for the challenge, with a deadline for enrollment by midnight on the 31st of July, and lessons starting on the 1st of August.
• 🏆 Upon completion of the challenge, students receive a digital certificate of completion as proof of their attendance and achievement in the English course.
• 📈 The script explains that the present simple tense is commonly used by native speakers, accounting for around 50% of written and spoken communication.
• 📝 The structure of the present simple tense involves the subject plus the base form of the verb, with exceptions for the third person singular and the verb 'to be'.
• 🕒 The present continuous tense is used to describe actions happening at the moment of speaking or temporary situations, with the structure subject plus 'be' plus verb-ing.
• 🔄 The present perfect tense is used to talk about past events or actions that have present consequences, with the structure subject plus 'has' or 'have' plus past participle.
• 🎓 The video script is designed to be educational and engaging, using humor and personal anecdotes to help explain the complexities of English tenses.

Q & A

What is the main topic of the video by English with Lucy?

The main topic of the video is to teach all 16 English tenses, including conditionals, to help students improve their understanding of English grammar.

What does the saying 'go big or go home' mean according to the video?

The saying 'go big or go home' means that one should either put in all their effort or do nothing at all, emphasizing the importance of commitment and dedication.

What is the 30-day Tenses Challenge mentioned in the video?

The 30-day Tenses Challenge is a program designed to help students master English tenses in 30 days with detailed grammar explanation videos, mindmaps, exercises, reviews, and a final exam.

How long does it take to complete the 30-day Tenses Challenge according to the video?

The challenge requires an investment of only 15 minutes per day, but students also have the option to group it up and do 30 minutes every other day.

What are the benefits of participating in the 30-day Tenses Challenge?

Participants will have lifetime access to the course content, 45 days' access to the course community for interaction and feedback, and a digital certificate of completion upon finishing the challenge.

What is the deadline for enrolling in the 30-day Tenses Challenge as mentioned in the video?

The enrollment deadline is by midnight on the 31st of July, with lessons starting on the 1st of August.

What is the first tense usually learned in English and why is it important?

The first tense usually learned in English is the present simple. It is important because native speakers use it in around 50% of their written and spoken communication.

What are the structures for the present simple tense in different persons?

The structure for the present simple tense is subject plus the base form of the verb, except in the third person singular where an 's' is added. For 'be', it has its own forms such as 'I am', 'you are', 'he is', etc.

How is the present continuous tense structured and when is it used?

The present continuous tense is structured as subject plus 'be' plus verb-ing. It is used to talk about actions happening at the moment of speaking or temporary situations.

What is the structure of the present perfect tense and its main usage?

The structure of the present perfect tense is subject plus 'has' or 'have' plus the past participle. It is used to talk about past events or actions that have present consequences.

Can you provide an example of how the future simple tense is used?

The future simple tense is used to talk about events or actions that are believed to happen in the future. For example, 'I will eat chocolate' or 'It will be our first wedding anniversary next year'.

What is the purpose of the conditional tenses and how are they formed?

Conditional tenses are used to talk about hypothetical situations or events that depend on another event or state. They are formed with the subject plus 'would', 'could', 'should', or 'might' followed by the base form of the verb for simple conditional, and with 'would have' plus past participle for conditional perfect.

Outlines

00:00

📚 Introduction to English Tenses

English with Lucy introduces a comprehensive video on all 16 English tenses, emphasizing the importance of understanding them as the foundation of the language. The video promises to cover each tense in under 30 minutes, including conditionals, aiming to enhance the viewers' grasp of English grammar. Additionally, a 30-day Tenses Challenge is highlighted, offering a structured program to master the tenses through videos, exercises, and community interaction, with a special enrollment deadline and a digital certificate upon completion.

05:01

📝 Present Tenses: Usage and Structure

This section delves into the present tenses, explaining their usage in everyday communication. The present simple is discussed for general statements and habits, the present continuous for current actions, the present perfect for past actions with present consequences, and the present perfect continuous for ongoing actions from the past to the present. The structure of these tenses is detailed, with explanations of subject-verb agreement, the use of 'be', and exceptions like state verbs in informal speech. Examples are provided to illustrate each tense, and supplementary materials are mentioned for further learning.

10:01

🕒 Present Perfect: Experiences and Continuous Actions

The present perfect tense is explored for its use in expressing experiences up to the present without specific timing, as well as actions that started in the past and are ongoing. It emphasizes the duration of actions and can be used to describe recent or repeated events. The structure, subject plus has/have plus past participle, is outlined. Examples illustrate the use of present perfect for unfinished actions, life experiences, and consequences affecting the present, with clarifications on the differences between the present perfect and the present perfect continuous.

15:03

📅 Past Tenses: Describing Past Actions

The focus shifts to past tenses, starting with the past simple for finished actions before the present, the past continuous for actions in progress at a past time, the past perfect for actions before another past action, and the past perfect continuous for past actions leading up to a specific past time. Each tense's structure is explained, and examples are given to demonstrate their use in different contexts, such as describing past events, providing background information, or showing interrupted actions.

20:03

🌟 Future Tenses: Anticipating Upcoming Events

The future tenses are introduced to describe events occurring after the present. The future simple is for predicted or certain future events, the future continuous for actions in progress at a future time, the future perfect for actions completed before a future point, and the future perfect continuous for ongoing actions up to a future time. The structures and uses of these tenses are explained, with examples provided to illustrate their application in expressing future plans, predictions, and hypothetical situations.

25:04

🤔 Conditional Tenses: Hypothetical Situations

The video concludes with conditional tenses, which are used to discuss hypothetical situations or actions dependent on other events. The conditional simple and continuous are for hypothetical present actions, while the conditional perfect and continuous refer to past hypothetical actions and their durations. The structures for these tenses are provided, and examples demonstrate their use in expressing unreal conditions and their probable outcomes. The host also playfully contemplates creating a new video on modal verbs, inviting feedback from viewers.

Keywords

💡English tenses

English tenses are grammatical structures that express the time of actions or states in relation to the speaker's present. They are fundamental to understanding and communicating in English. In the video, Lucy covers all 16 English tenses, which is central to the theme of teaching English grammar and helping students improve their language proficiency.

💡Present simple

The present simple tense is used to describe habits, general truths, and scheduled future events. It is one of the first tenses learners encounter and is crucial for basic communication. In the script, Lucy uses it to illustrate general statements, such as 'I work on Tuesdays,' and habits, like 'Our dog eats the cat's food.'

💡Present continuous

The present continuous tense is used to describe actions happening at the moment of speaking or temporary situations. It is formed with the subject plus 'am,' 'is,' or 'are' plus the '-ing' form of the verb. Lucy explains its use in the script with examples like 'I am working now,' indicating an action in progress.

💡Present perfect

The present perfect tense is used to talk about past actions that have a connection to the present. It is formed with 'has' or 'have' plus the past participle of the verb. Lucy uses this tense in the script to describe experiences up to the present, such as 'I have worked at a pub,' which implies a past action with present consequences.

💡Past simple

The past simple tense is used to describe completed actions or events that happened at a specific time in the past. It is formed with the subject plus the past form of the verb. Lucy gives examples in the script like 'I worked abroad last summer,' which clearly indicates a finished action in the past.

💡Past continuous

The past continuous tense describes an ongoing action in the past, often at a specific time or interrupted by another action. It is formed with 'was' or 'were' plus the '-ing' form of the verb. Lucy uses it in the script to set the scene of what was happening at a particular moment, such as 'Tom was cooking dinner at 7:00 PM yesterday.'

💡Future simple

The future simple tense is used to talk about events or actions that are expected to happen in the future. It is formed with 'will' plus the base form of the verb. Lucy mentions it in the script with examples like 'I will eat chocolate,' which expresses a future intention.

💡Conditional tenses

Conditional tenses are used to express hypothetical situations or conditions. They are formed with 'would,' 'could,' 'should,' or 'might' plus the base form of the verb or the verb's '-ing' form. Lucy discusses these tenses in the script, explaining hypothetical actions like 'I would eat chocolate if I could.'

💡Grammar explanation videos

These are instructional videos that provide detailed explanations of grammatical concepts. In the context of the video, Lucy mentions that she will provide detailed grammar explanation videos as part of the 30-day Tenses Challenge, which is designed to help students master English tenses.

💡30-day Tenses Challenge

The 30-day Tenses Challenge is a structured learning program designed to help students master English tenses within a month. It includes various resources and activities, such as mind maps, exercises, reviews, and a final exam. Lucy introduces this challenge in the script as a way to enhance students' understanding and application of English tenses.

💡Course community

A course community refers to an interactive platform where students can engage with teachers and fellow learners. In the script, Lucy mentions that participants in the 30-day Tenses Challenge will have access to a course community where they can ask questions, request feedback, and clarify doubts, fostering a supportive learning environment.

Highlights

Introduction to a comprehensive English tenses video by Lucy.

Explanation of the saying 'Go big or go home' and its application to learning English tenses.

Overview of the 16 English tenses to be covered in under 30 minutes.

Announcement of the 30-day Tenses Challenge for mastering English tenses.

Details on the Tenses Challenge including daily exercises, reviews, and a final exam.

Invitation to join the course community for interaction and feedback.

Mention of a digital certificate of completion for the Tenses Challenge.

Special pricing and enrollment deadline for the Tenses Challenge.

Introduction to the present simple tense with examples and its usage.

Explanation of the present continuous tense and its structure.

Description of the present perfect tense focusing on past events with present consequences.

Discussion on the present perfect continuous tense and its emphasis on duration.

Overview of the past simple tense for describing finished past events.

Usage of the past continuous tense to describe ongoing actions in the past.

Explanation of the past perfect tense for actions before another past action.

Details on the past perfect continuous tense focusing on past actions up to a certain point.

Introduction to the future simple tense for events believed to happen in the future.

Description of the future continuous tense for actions in progress at a future time.

Explanation of the future perfect tense for actions completed before a future time.

Discussion on the future perfect continuous tense emphasizing the duration of future actions.

Overview of conditional tenses for hypothetical situations or dependent events.

Details on the conditional simple tense for hypothetical present actions.

Explanation of the conditional continuous tense focusing on the duration of hypothetical actions.

Description of the conditional perfect tense for hypothetical past actions.

Discussion on the conditional perfect continuous tense for hypothetical past actions with duration.

Conclusion of the lesson after covering all 16 English tenses.

Transcripts

Hello, lovely students. And welcome back to  English with Lucy. I have an amazing video for you  

today if I do say so myself. I'm going to teach  you all of the English tenses. So many of you  

have been requesting a tenses video. I say, go big  or go home. That's a great saying. It means either  

put in all your effort or do nothing at all. Go  big, or go home. I'd personally rather put in  

all of my effort. So today in under 30 minutes,  we will go through all 16 tenses, including the  

conditionals. You will walk away from this  lesson with a much better understanding of  

English grammar. Now, before we get started, I've  also got something really important to mention,  

especially if you are extremely serious about  taking your English grammar and your knowledge  

of English tenses to the next level. We are  running a 30-day Tenses Challenge. In 30 days,  

you will master the English tenses. The present,  the past, and the future. I will teach you them  

with detailed grammar explanation videos. Mind  maps for every tense. 25 to 30 exercises for each  

tense. Reviews of the tense. A final exam. It's  an amazing challenge. It will bring you amazing  

results, but it's a small investment, only 15  minutes per day. You could also group it up  

and do 30 minutes every other day. The tenses are  the building blocks of English. You can't progress  

if you don't know them. So why not go for it?  Do it in 30 days. Aside from the course content,  

and you have lifetime access to that, you also  have 45 days' access to our course community.  

There you can interact with my teachers. Request  feedback. Ask questions. Clarify your doubts,  

and you can interact with the other course  students. When you complete the challenge,  

you get a digital certificate of completion to  prove your attendance of the English course. All  

of the information is down in the link  below. We are running a special price.  

It will not continue for long. There is a  deadline. Click on there. See if it's right for  

you, and then you can enrol. There's a deadline  for enrolment. You must enrol by midnight, on the  

31st of July. We start the lessons on the 1st of  August. You will receive your first lesson then.  

I can't wait to welcome you into the Tenses  Challenge. Right, let's get started with the  

video. Okay, so today we're learning all 16 tenses in English,

and I'm going to give you loads of examples

so that you can learn them and use them yourself.

Firstly, I think it's best to have an overview,

and then we can go more in depth into each group.

I know that going over 16 tenses all in one lesson

may seem like a lot and it is,

this is a big lesson,

but they do share a lot of characteristics,

so seeing them all together

can make them easier to learn and remember.

Let's go through them first.

We have the present simple;

I eat chocolate.

The present continuous;

I am eating chocolate.

The present perfect;

I have eaten chocolate.

The present perfect continuous;

I have been eating chocolate.

Then we move on to the past simple;

I ate chocolate.

The past continuous;

I was eating chocolate.

The past perfect;

I had eaten chocolate.

Whenever I say had,

I can't help but go up.

I had eaten. (laughs)

And the past perfect continuous;

I had been eating chocolate.

Oh, I just can't not do that.

Now, moving on to the future.

We have the future simple;

I will have a toothache

after all this chocolate, just kidding.

I will eat chocolate.

The future continuous;

I will be eating chocolate.

The future perfect;

I will have eaten chocolate.

And the future perfect continuous;

I will have been eating chocolate. (laughs)

Last group we have is conditionals.

The conditional simple;

I would eat chocolate.

The conditional continuous;

I would be eating chocolate.

The conditional perfect;

I would have eaten chocolate.

And finally, the conditional perfect continuous;

I would have been eating chocolate.

Can you see how many similarities there are

between all of these tenses?

Now let's look a little more closely,

starting with the present tenses.

The first tense that you learn in English

is usually the present simple,

and that's for good reason.

It's actually the tense that native speakers use

in around 50% of their written and spoken communication.

We do use the other present tenses quite often, too,

so they are all really, really important.

The present simple, I work on Tuesdays.

This is used to talk about general statements,

habits, and facts.

The present continuous;

I am working now.

This is used to talk about actions

that are happening right now.

The present perfect;

I have worked at a pub.

We use this to talk about past events or past actions

that have present consequences.

And the present perfect continuous;

I have been working for three hours today.

This is used to talk about an action

that started in the past and continues to the present.

Okay, the structure of the present simple;

like its name, it is fairly simple.

We have the subject plus the base form of a verb,

except from in the third person singular,

and this always catches most students out

when they're relatively new to learning English.

In the third person singular, we add an S.

So for I, you, we, and they,

it's, I work, we eat, they play, you do,

but the he, she, and it,

it is, she works, he cleans, it smells.

Another exception is be,

the verb to be.

To be has its own forms in the present simple,

I am., you are, he, She, it is, we are, they are.

As I said before,

we use the present simple to talk about general statements,

facts, and habits.

We also use it to talk about schedule events

like plane and train times.

Here are some examples.

I am a woman.

My name is Lucy.

This is a general statement or fact.

Mary meets her friends on Friday evenings.

That's a habit.

The train to London leaves at 8:00 PM.

That's a schedule event in the future.

Our dog eats the cat's food,

and that's habit.

Habit we're trying to conquer at the moment.

We don't know why he started doing it,

but he has since we moved house. (laughs)

I hope all of that's clear.

There are lots more examples in the PDF,

and there is a quiz for every tense.

So please do download that.

The link is down below in the description box.

Right, let's move on to the present continuous.

We use the present continuous to talk about things

that are happening at the moment of speaking,

but be careful in general there is an exception

we can't use state verbs,

words like hate, love, want, for example.

There is an exception there,

and I will mention it.

It's to do with slang.

The structure of the present continuous

is subject plus be plus verb-ing.

It writes subject plus be plus verb-ing.

You can use that.

Here are some examples.

I am teaching English.

They are baking cookies.

We can also use this tense to talk about things

that we think are temporary.

Compare these two sentences.

James lives in Manchester.

James is living in Manchester.

In the first sentence,

I use the present simple

because I think that his state is more or less permanent,

but in the second sentence,

I use the present continuous

because I think his situation might be temporary.

He's living in Manchester now,

but I don't know what might happen

in a few weeks or a month.

Perhaps he's studying there,

or he's working there for a short time.

Now you will hear native speakers

use state verbs in the present continuous in this form,

or to show this meaning.

I am loving my christmas jumper right now.

Love is a state verb.

I'm not meant to use it,

but it means right now,

a trend that I am enjoying

is my christmas jumper, (laughs)

which I must say,

I think this is a very nice christmas jumper.

I actually had another option today.

It was between this one,

which have wore last year,

but I got this one on a secondhand website,

very happy with myself.

Anyway, back to the tenses, (laughs)

you'll also hear people say,

oh no, I'm hating that song right now.

It means it's a temporary state,

some reason right now I don't enjoy that song temporarily.

I'm hating it.

So when you hear teachers say,

never use a state verb in the present continuous

take that with a pinch of salt.

We also use the present continuous

to talk about arrangements.

This means that we are planning to do something

in the future,

and it involves another person or business.

Let me show you an example.

I am having my haircut on Tuesday.

Sarah is meeting her parents tomorrow.

They are plans, but they depend on someone else.

Let's take a look at some examples.

Kate is studying business,

temporary situation happening now.

We are meeting our friend next Friday in Edinburgh,

arrangement involving someone else.

We are driving home.

We are doing this right now in the moment.

It is snowing, for example,

it did actually snow the other day,

it was magical,

but enough about my weather, (laughs)

let's move on to the present perfect.

The structure of the present perfect

is subject plus has or have plus the past participle.

There are three main ways

that we use the present perfect in English.

The first is to talk about things

that started in the past and continue to the present.

It's very important to remember

that they are unfinished actions.

When we talk about these events or states,

we often mention how long they've been going on for

or when they started.

For example, I have lived in the UK all my life,

or she has been at university since 2020;

William and I have been married for three months.

Oh, it's our three month anniversary nearly,

how exciting, (laughs)

the second way that we use the present perfect

is to talk about our experiences up to the present.

When we do this,

we don't talk about exactly when something happened.

We are just generally telling somebody

about our life experiences.

For example, she has been to Canada three times.

We have met the queen.

I have read all of the Harry Potter books.

Finally, we also use the present perfect

to talk about past events and actions

that have consequences in the present.

For example, I have eaten breakfast so I'm not hungry,

or Mike has lost his keys so he's going to be late for work.

Let's move on to the last of the presents,

the present perfect continuous.

I've just realised,

I looked like a present,

and I'm talking about the present tenses.

Maybe I should have just made a video

about the present tense this dresses present. (laughs)

Now we use the present perfect continuous

to talk about something that's started in the past

and continues to the present,

and that might sound very similar to the present perfect,

but there are a few key differences.

One big difference is the structure.

We use the structure subject plus has/have

plus been plus verb-ing.

I have been eating chocolate as we discussed before.

Now with the present perfect continuous,

we often use it to talk about things

that we have been doing uninterrupted that haven't finished.

We use this tense to emphasise

how long something has been happening.

For example, I've been watching that TV show for weeks.

I'm emphasising how long I have been watching the TV show,

or Ellen has been replying to emails for two hours already.

We use it to talk about things

that have been done recently or lately.

For example, look, it's been snowing,

or I've been practising my football skills

a lot recently. (laughs)

That's such a lie.

Remember we generally

don't use the present perfect continuous

to talk about states.

You wouldn't say I have been belonging to a band

for a long time.

You would say, I have belonged to a band for a long time.

Some more examples,

they've been trying to call you all day,

or she hasn't been feeling well lately.

Okay, we made it through the present tenses.

Let's move on to the past tenses.

We'll have a quick overview,

and then we'll go into more detail.

We have the past simple.

I worked abroad last summer,

that talks about past finished actions.

We have the past continuous.

I was working at 2:00 PM yesterday,

that describes a continuing action

at some point in the past.

We have the past perfect.

I had worked there for two years before I got my promotion.

That's used to describe past actions

that happened before another past action or time.

And we have the past perfect continuous.

I had been working there for two years

before I finally got my promotion.

Very similar to the previous one,

but we'll go into more detail.

We use the past perfect continuous

to talk about past actions

that continued to a past point in time.

Let's start with the past simple,

this one is nice and easy.

It's the second most common tense that English speakers use.

We use it to talk about events

that happened before the present moment.

These must be finished events or actions,

and we often say when they happened,

although that's not obligatory.

The structure is the subject plus regular verb-ed.

However, lots and lots of verbs are irregular,

and I do actually have a video

on some of the most common irregular verbs

that could be really useful.

So I will leave that link down in the description box.

An example, I went to bed at 10:00 PM last night,

or Dennis ate a box of chocolates for breakfast.

Live your life, Dennis.

That sounds like my kind of breakfast. (laughs)

Another example, my husband bought me flowers last week,

are not true though.

Not true; maybe next week. (laughs)

Okay, let's move on to the past continuous.

The structure of this tense

is subject plus was or where plus verb-ing.

We can use this tense to talk about actions or states.

One way in which we use the past continuous

is to say what was happening

at a specific moment in the past.

For example, Tom was cooking dinner at 7:00 PM yesterday.

We can also use it

to give background information about something.

For example, Will was speaking to me

whilst I was trying to record a video,

or it was snowing when I went outside.

We also use it to say that an ongoing action

was interrupted by another action.

In this case,

it's usually paired with another clause in the past simple.

We were eating dinner when he arrived.

We were eating dinner over this long period of time,

and he arrived right then,

or they were chatting about their holiday

when Ben called them.

Let's move on to the past perfect.

The past perfect tense is used to talk about events

that happened before another event

or up to a certain time in the past.

Again, it is often used with the past simple.

The structure is as follows,

subject plus had plus past participle,

and if you don't do that when you say had,

you're not my student.

Let's take a look at some examples.

When I arrived at the bus stop,

the bus had already left, already happened,

or you had travelled to 10 countries

before your second birthday,

or she had worked at the company for five years

before it closed,

or we had already eaten dinner

so we weren't hungry when dinner was served.

Finally, let's discuss the past perfect continuous.

The structure is subject plus had been plus verb-ing.

Now the past perfect and the past perfect continuous,

what a mouthful,

are often used interchangeably by native English speakers.

There's no difference in overall meaning.

Take a look at these two sentences;

there's no real difference in overall meaning.

I had worked there for five years when the company closed,

or I had been working there for five years

when the company closed.

No real difference, we can say either.

However, you should use the continuous form

in these two situations.

If you are talking about an action in the past

that continued up to a certain time and continued after it,

or if you're talking about a repeated action

that happened in the past up to a certain point.

Let's take a look at some examples.

They had been walking for hours

before they decided that they were lost,

or the orchestra had been practising for months

before the concert happened.

In the words of Bon Jovi,

I think we're living on a prayer

because we are officially halfway there.

It's time to move on.

If you're still here,

you're doing really well, really, really well.

Let's have a quick overview of the future tenses.

We use them to talk about events after the present moment.

We have the future simple.

I will work in the summer.

This is used to talk about events or actions

that we believe will happen in the future.

We're nearly certain.

We have the future continuous.

I will be working at two o'clock tomorrow.

We use this for actions at a specific moment in the future.

We have the future perfect.

I will have worked there for two years on Sunday.

We use this to talk about an event or an action

that is planned or expected to happen

before a certain time in the future.

And we have the future perfect continuous.

I will have been working there for two years on Sunday.

Very similar to the last,

we'll talked about that.

We use this to talk about an action that will continue

up to a certain point in the future.

Let's take a closer look now.

The future simple,

the easiest way to talk about the future.

The structure is subject plus will

plus base form of the verb.

We can use it to talk about things

that we think will happen in the future.

I think it will rain tomorrow.

I'm sure you'll love this book.

We can also use it to make offers or promises.

I'll help you carry those boxes.

Richard will call you tomorrow.

And finally, we can use it to talk about facts

in the future.

It will be our first wedding anniversary next year,

or our house will be 300 years old soon.

Let's move on to the future continuous.

The structure is subject plus will be plus verb-ing.

This tense is used to talk about actions

that will be in progress at a certain point in time.

These actions will start and end in the future,

but we don't know when.

I will be eating dinner at 8:00 PM tomorrow.

I don't know when I'll finish.

It also indicates that an action will be carried out

over a period of time,

not simply in an instant.

I'll be playing tennis tomorrow.

That will be a considerable amount of time,

maybe 30 minutes to an hour,

not just a second.

We also have the future perfect.

We use the future perfect to talk about actions or states

that will be completed

before a certain point of time in the future.

We often use time clauses with the future perfect,

like by or when I'm older.

I'll show you lots of examples,

but first the structure,

subject plus will have plus past participle.

Some examples, I will have retired by the time I'm 65.

We're using by there to show that final point,

or you will have finished the popcorn

before the film starts,

or come over at 9:00 PM,

my parents will have left by then. (laughs)

Finally, we have the future perfect continuous.

This tense describes actions that will be continuing

at a certain point in the future.

When you use this tense,

you're thinking about the duration of that action

up to a certain point in time.

The structure is subject

plus will have been plus verb-ing.

She will have been living in Cardiff

for three months in August,

or when I retire next month,

I will have been working here for three years.

Like with most other continuous tenses,

we don't usually use state verbs.

It should be,

I will have had my cat for five years this Christmas,

rather than I will have been having my cat

for five years this Christmas.

You also can't use the future perfect continuous

to talk about finished actions.

You just have to use the future perfect instead.

Finally, the last four tenses

are the conditional tenses,

and I do actually have a full video on these tenses,

which I will leave in the description box,

but I'd like to go over them briefly today.

We use these tenses to talk about hypothetical situations

or an event that depends on another event or state.

These conditional tenses

often form part of conditional sentences,

but they don't always have to.

Let's have a brief overview.

We have the conditional simple.

I would work abroad if I could.

We use this to talk about hypothetical actions

in the present.

We have the conditional continuous.

I would be working abroad now if I wasn't stuck here.

We use this to talk about hypothetical continuous actions

in the present.

We have the conditional perfect.

I would have worked abroad last year,

but I didn't get my visa.

We use this to talk about hypothetical actions in the past,

and we have the conditional perfect continuous.

I would have been working here for longer

if I had got my visa earlier.

We use this to talk about hypothetical actions

that started in the past and continued.

It's formed with the subject

plus would plus the base form of the verb.

I would travel in first class.

She would walk to work.

Now, these sentences don't really have a lot of meaning

on their own.

So they usually coupled with another idea.

I would travel in first class if I won the lottery,

or she would walk to work if she lived closer.

Would can be replaced with, could, should, or might,

but this does change the meaning.

I am currently considering creating another video

on modal verbs.

There's one from years ago,

but I feel it needs updating.

If you'd like a lesson on modal verbs,

let me know in the comment section down below.

If I see enough of you,

then I'll know it's worth making.

Some examples, ge could get a dog if he wanted.

You should see a doctor.

I might go to the beach tomorrow.

Let's take a look at the conditional continuous.

When we use the conditional continuous,

we put the focus on the duration of a hypothetical action.

This means that we use this tense

to talk about a longer action when we want to emphasise,

or we want people to focus on how long an action would take.

The structure is subject

plus would be plus verb-ing.

It expresses an unfinished

or continuing hypothetical action.

An action which is the probable result

of an unreal condition.

It's easier if I just show you examples.

It can sound a little grammary. (laughs)

Grammary is not a word,

don't use that.

Actually, I think that's quite good.

If we hear a grammatical explanation that we don't like,

I think we should call it grammary.

I think it's quite fun.

Nope, that's way too grammary for me. (laughs)

I would be writing emails if I was at work,

but I'm not at work,

so I'm not writing emails.

He would be walking his dog right now

if he hadn't broken his ankle,

but he has broken his ankle, so he's not.

You can use could, should, and might in these sentences,

but again, it changes the meaning.

You should be unpacking the shopping I just bought,

or I could be sitting on a beach in Jamaica right now.

Now let's take a quick look at the conditional perfect.

When we want to change the past,

we use the conditional perfect tense.

Of course, we can't really change the past,

so this is hypothetical.

We talk about what we would have done.

The structure is subject

plus would have plus past participle.

I would have told John not to come.

I would have bought that house,

but I couldn't afford it at the time.

She would have cooked a bigger meal,

but she didn't know you were coming.

Again, You can replace it with could, should, or might.

I could have bought that house, but I didn't.

You should have told me,

we could have gone if we'd known about it.

They might have said,

but I can't remember.

Finally, the last tense that brings us to tense 16.

It is the conditional perfect continuous.

We use it to talk about the hypothetical results

of an action that started in the past.

We use the continuous tense to focus on the duration.

As I said before,

we look at conditional grammar

in way more detail in my conditionals video,

which I have linked in the description box.

But just as a brief overview,

the structure is subject plus would have been plus verb-ing.

I would have been wearing my red dress if I had washed it.

He would have been working in Dubai

if he hadn't taken the job in London.

Again, you can use it with could, should, and might.

You should have been feeling better yesterday.

She could have been living in Japan

if she had taken that language course at university.

Right, that is it for today's lesson.

I can't believe we've covered the 16 tenses, that's amazing.