SOSIOLOGI | MATERI PART.1 - LEMBAGA SOSIAL | UTBK SBMPTN SOSHUM

Summary

This educational video discusses the concept of social institutions, their definitions, types, and roles within society. It explains how social institutions are systems of norms guiding human behavior to meet societal needs, distinguishing them from organizations or associations. The video covers the characteristics, functions, and examples of key social institutions such as family, education, religion, economy, and politics. It also explores various classifications, including basic vs. subsidiary institutions, and the distinction between crescive and enacted institutions. The content provides a clear overview of how these institutions shape and maintain societal order and cohesion.

Takeaways

• 😀 Social norms are rules that guide behavior in society, and when these norms are established over time, they develop into social institutions.
• 😀 Social institutions are not physical organizations but rather systems of rules that regulate human activities to meet societal needs.
• 😀 The five major types of social institutions are: family, education, economy, religion, and politics.
• 😀 Social institutions are different from organizations or associations, which consist of individual members. Social institutions are systems of norms.
• 😀 A social institution has several characteristics, including symbols, specific goals, equipment for achieving those goals, traditions, and longevity.
• 😀 Social institutions act as guidelines for behavior, controlling deviant actions and helping maintain societal cohesion.
• 😀 The longevity of social institutions is significant, as they can outlast individual members, which is referred to as 'superorganic'.
• 😀 Social institutions can be categorized based on their development (e.g., 'crescive' vs. 'enacted'), their societal values (e.g., basic vs. subsidiary), and how they are accepted or rejected by society.
• 😀 'Crescive institutions' arise naturally, such as marriage or barter systems, while 'enacted institutions' are deliberately created, like schools or banks.
• 😀 'Basic institutions' are crucial for maintaining societal values, like religion or family, while 'subsidiary institutions' are less vital, like recreational activities.
• 😀 Institutions can also be categorized based on their geographical spread (general vs. restricted institutions) and function (operative vs. regulative institutions).

Q & A

What is the definition of social institutions according to Kuncoroningrat?

Kuncoroningrat defines social institutions as a system of behavioral patterns centered around activities aimed at fulfilling various human needs, particularly those essential for society.

How do social institutions differ from organizations or associations?

Social institutions are systems of norms or rules, while organizations or associations are concrete entities consisting of individuals. Institutions are about the abstract systems that guide behavior, while organizations are the groups of people that carry them out.

What are the main characteristics of social institutions?

The main characteristics of social institutions include: 1) Symbols or emblems to represent identity, 2) Specific goals, 3) Traditions, both written and unwritten, 4) A certain degree of permanence, allowing them to survive beyond individual members, and 5) The ability to withstand challenges and persist over time.

What is meant by 'superorganic' in relation to social institutions?

'Superorganic' refers to the longevity of social institutions, meaning they endure for longer periods than the individuals who are part of them. For example, a school can continue for many years while the students change over time.

What are the three functions of social institutions as outlined by Soerjono Soekamto?

Soerjono Soekamto identifies three functions of social institutions: 1) They serve as guidelines for behavior, 2) They act as tools for social control to prevent deviance, and 3) They help maintain social cohesion by integrating individuals within society.

What are the differences between crescive and enacted institutions?

Crescive institutions arise naturally from societal customs, without intentional planning (e.g., marriage). In contrast, enacted institutions are deliberately created by society for specific purposes (e.g., educational institutions, banks).

What is the distinction between basic and subsidiary institutions?

Basic institutions are fundamental to society's survival and stability (e.g., family, education, religion), while subsidiary institutions are less critical and serve as supplementary elements (e.g., recreational activities, holidays).

What is the meaning of 'section' and 'and section' in the context of social institutions?

A 'section' institution is one that is accepted and embraced by society (e.g., family, education, religion), while 'and section' institutions are rejected or disapproved by society (e.g., illegal activities like prostitution or terrorism).

What are the differences between general and restricted institutions?

General institutions are widespread and recognized globally (e.g., international organizations like the Red Cross, religions), whereas restricted institutions are known only to specific groups or regions (e.g., indigenous spiritual practices like Kaharingan).

How are operative and regulative institutions different?

Operative institutions are those that carry out the tasks necessary to achieve societal goals (e.g., cooperatives, schools). Regulative institutions, on the other hand, oversee the enforcement of rules and ensure proper functioning (e.g., police, governmental regulatory bodies).