REVOLUÇÃO de 1930 - Conheça os Principais Fatos

Summary

The 1930 Brazilian Revolution, a pivotal moment in the country's history, was sparked by political unrest and economic hardship. With the Great Depression hitting Brazil, the political dominance of São Paulo and Minas Gerais (the 'coffee with milk' republic) was challenged by growing opposition from other states and military factions. After a contested election in 1930, Getúlio Vargas led a coup, ousting the government of Washington Luís. The revolution led to Vargas assuming power but also ignited tensions, including the 1932 São Paulo uprising, highlighting a period of political upheaval without popular support or significant reforms.

Takeaways

• 😀 The Revolution of 1930 significantly changed Brazil's political landscape, marking a shift away from oligarchic rule.
• 😀 Before 1930, Brazil was governed by powerful elites from Minas Gerais and São Paulo, known as the 'coffee and milk republic'.
• 😀 The 1929 global economic crisis severely impacted Brazil's economy, especially the coffee export industry, leading to unemployment and financial difficulties.
• 😀 Growing political dissatisfaction, coupled with the economic crisis, fueled resentment against the government of Washington Luís and its practices, such as voter manipulation.
• 😀 Some military officials and political leaders sought to overthrow the oligarchies and establish a new political order.
• 😀 In 1929, Washington Luís nominated Júlio Prestes as his presidential candidate, breaking the traditional political alliance between São Paulo and Minas Gerais.
• 😀 In response, opposition states like Minas Gerais, Rio Grande do Sul, and Paraíba formed the Liberal Alliance, supporting Getúlio Vargas as their candidate.
• 😀 After Júlio Prestes' electoral victory in 1930, allegations of fraud led to widespread unrest and political tension across the country.
• 😀 The assassination of João Pessoa, Vargas' running mate, in mid-1930 further escalated tensions and contributed to the outbreak of the Revolution of 1930.
• 😀 On October 3, 1930, military forces led by Getúlio Vargas staged a coup, resulting in the overthrow of Washington Luís and the establishment of a provisional government under Vargas' leadership.

Q & A

What was the political situation in Brazil before the Revolution of 1930?

Before the Revolution of 1930, Brazil's political system was dominated by the oligarchies of São Paulo and Minas Gerais, known as the 'Café com Leite' Republic. These two states alternated control of the presidency, ensuring that power remained concentrated among a few elites.

How did the 1929 economic crisis affect Brazil?

The 1929 economic crisis hit Brazil hard because the country was heavily reliant on coffee exports, which sharply declined. This led to widespread financial difficulties and unemployment, further exacerbating political dissatisfaction.

What role did the military play in the events leading to the Revolution of 1930?

The military played a crucial role in the Revolution of 1930. Many officers, disillusioned with the oligarchic system, supported a coup to overthrow the existing government. This culminated in the military backing Getúlio Vargas, who led the coup and assumed power.

Why did Getúlio Vargas and the opposition form the Aliança Liberal?

The Aliança Liberal was formed as a response to the dominance of São Paulo and Minas Gerais in Brazilian politics. These states' control over presidential elections created political tension, and the alliance sought to challenge this system by supporting Getúlio Vargas as their candidate.

What was the significance of the assassination of João Pessoa in 1930?

João Pessoa's assassination in 1930, although related to other personal reasons, served as a catalyst for national outrage. His death intensified political unrest, contributing to the decision to initiate the coup that led to Vargas taking power.

What happened during the coup of October 3, 1930?

On October 3, 1930, military forces, led by Getúlio Vargas, staged a coup to overthrow President Washington Luís. The coup resulted in Vargas assuming power as the provisional leader of Brazil, with expanded authority and the ability to appoint military and political allies to key positions.

What were the main actions taken by Vargas after assuming power in 1930?

After assuming power, Vargas dismissed the elected state presidents and appointed his own allies as interventores (government representatives). His government, however, did not hold new elections as expected, which caused significant unrest.

What led to the Revolução Constitucionalista of 1932?

The Revolução Constitucionalista of 1932 was triggered by Vargas's refusal to hold new elections or implement a new constitution, as promised. This led to protests, especially from São Paulo, which eventually escalated into a full-scale rebellion against the provisional government.

How did the 1930 Revolution change Brazil's political landscape?

The Revolution of 1930 ended the dominance of the oligarchies of São Paulo and Minas Gerais and introduced a more centralized form of government under Vargas. It marked the start of significant political and social changes in Brazil, including greater state control and the eventual rise of Vargas as a dominant political figure.

Was the Revolution of 1930 a popular movement?

No, the Revolution of 1930 was not a popular movement in the traditional sense. It was primarily led by elites, military officers, and political leaders who sought to overthrow the oligarchic system, and it did not have widespread popular support at the time.