Заморозка и оживление мозга: прорыв в нейробиологии | Пушка #76

Summary

This video explores various scientific mysteries, discoveries, and inventions that provoke thought and inspire. It delves into the revival of frozen brain cells, the discovery of previously unknown liver cells that play a role in regeneration, and 'zombie' cells in the ocean controlled by viruses with climate implications. The video also touches on the ethical dilemmas of medical predictions and the surprising role of intestinal bacteria in cancer treatment. It highlights innovative engineering solutions, such as a sensor to monitor digestion and a method to transform any device screen into a 3D hologram projector, while pondering the accuracy of medical forecasts in severe head trauma cases.

Takeaways

• 🧊 Scientists have developed a method to freeze and revive brain organoids, which can help in studying brain diseases and developing new treatments without needing human donors.
• 🔍 Researchers have discovered previously unknown cells in the liver, termed 'ghost cells,' which play a role in the liver's regeneration process.
• 🌊 In the ocean, scientists have found 'zombie' cells controlled by viruses, which could have significant implications for the climate due to their impact on the abundance of SAR11 bacteria, a crucial part of the marine ecosystem.
• 🎨 Artists and scientists have collaborated to translate brain signals into visual art, providing a rare glimpse into the imagination of the artist and demonstrating the potential for direct visualization of mental imagery.
• 🧬 Data science combines art and science, with applications in various industries and high demand for data scientists, offering significant salaries both in Russia and abroad.
• 💡 A new study explores the use of genetically modified E. coli as a 'Trojan horse' to deliver cancer drugs directly to the center of tumors in the pancreas, potentially revolutionizing cancer treatment.
• 🛡️ Engineers from MIT have developed a sensor that unfolds inside the stomach to measure electrical activity of cells, which could help monitor digestion and potentially treat various gastrointestinal conditions.
• 📱 A spatial light modulator can turn any modern device screen into a projector for 3D holograms, a technique that could bring science fiction-like devices closer to reality.
• 💼 A breakthrough in the control of light beams has led to the creation of 'vortex beams' that carry multiple optical vortices, a development that could have significant implications for optical communication and quantum information processing.
• ⚠️ A study has found that doctors' predictions for patients with severe head injuries are often incorrect, with a significant number of patients who were predicted to have a poor outcome actually surviving and recovering to some extent.

Q & A

What is the significance of the new method for cryopreserving brain organoids?

The new method for cryopreserving brain organoids is significant because it allows for the preservation and restoration of these organoids with full functionality after thawing. This is important for studying brain diseases and developing new medications without the need for human donors, potentially accelerating research in neurobiology.

What challenges were faced in cryopreserving regular brain neurons before this new method was developed?

Before the new method was developed, cryopreserving regular brain neurons was challenging because it was not just about keeping them alive, but also maintaining their connections and not disrupting the initial network. Simply freezing and thawing resulted in a loss of functionality and structure.

What is the role of the newly discovered 'ghost cells' in the liver's regeneration process?

The 'ghost cells' in the liver are newly discovered cells that appear during the regeneration process. They are significant because they migrate to the site of damage and participate in tissue restoration. Their discovery has provided new insights into liver regeneration and could lead to new therapeutic approaches.

How does the liver's regeneration process differ in cases of acute liver failure compared to chronic liver diseases?

In cases of acute liver failure, such as that caused by paracetamol intoxication, the liver's regeneration process does not proceed as expected, and the organ does not recover. This is different from chronic liver diseases, where the liver's ability to regenerate over time is typically observed.

What is the potential impact of the discovery of 'Zombie' cells in the ocean on climate?

The discovery of 'Zombie' cells, which are SAR11 bacteria infected by viruses known as Pelagibacterales, could have a significant impact on climate because these bacteria play a crucial role in the ocean's ecosystem. They consume large amounts of carbon dioxide, thus influencing the planet's climate.

How do the 'Zombie' cells differ from normal SAR11 bacteria?

The 'Zombie' cells are SAR11 bacteria that have been infected by viruses and have lost their ribosomes, which are essential for protein synthesis. This makes them unable to reproduce, although they continue to function externally like normal bacteria.

What is the potential application of genetically modified E. coli in cancer treatment?

Genetically modified E. coli can be used as a Trojan horse in cancer treatment. The bacteria can be engineered to deliver drugs directly to the center of a tumor, bypassing the dense collagen barrier in the pancreas, and activate the immune response to fight the cancer.

What is the purpose of the new sensor developed by engineers and biologists from MIT?

The new sensor developed by engineers and biologists from MIT is designed to measure the electrical activity of cells inside the stomach over a long period. It could potentially be used to monitor digestion and, in the future, stimulate or regulate stomach function for the treatment of various diseases and disorders.

How does the 'holographic link' technology work that was mentioned in the script?

The 'holographic link' technology, or 'vortex strand' as described in the script, involves creating a beam of light that carries a thread of vortices. This advanced control over light beams could pave the way for optical communication, nanophotonics, and quantum information processing.

What was the surprising finding of the study on medical predictions for patients with severe head trauma?

The study found that doctors' predictions for patients with severe head trauma are often inaccurate. One-third of the patients who were predicted to have a poor outcome and were disconnected from life support could have potentially survived and partially recovered.

What is the 'infinite monkey theorem' mentioned in the script, and how does it relate to the discussion on randomness?

The 'infinite monkey theorem' is a theoretical experiment that states that a monkey hitting keys at random on a typewriter for an infinite amount of time will almost surely type any given text, such as the word 'Abracadabra'. It relates to the discussion on randomness as it illustrates the concept of probability and the idea that given enough time and random attempts, any outcome can occur.