The Supply Chain Crisis: No Relief in the Fourth Quarter

SupplyChainBrain
27 Sept 202110:18

Summary

TLDR该视频脚本讨论了2021年第四季度的货物延误和供应短缺问题。Patrick Penfield教授,来自雪城大学Whitman商学院的供应链管理实践教授兼高管教育主任,分享了他对当前全球供应链挑战的看法。他指出,由于需求激增和港口拥堵,第四季度对许多公司来说将是困难的,尤其是在高峰期。零售商尽管提前下单,但商品种类和数量将不如往年。最大的瓶颈是港口,尤其是洛杉矶和长滩的港口,由于疫情影响和劳动力短缺,导致货物积压。消费者可能需要调整期望,提前下单以应对可能的服务延迟。Patrick教授还提出了一些可能的解决方案,如使用较小的港口和增加船只容量,但也提醒了2025年码头工人合同到期可能带来的风险。

Takeaways

  • 🚢 2021年第四季度的货物延误和供应短缺问题非常严重,全球供应链受到多方面影响。
  • 📈 需求在假日季期间激增,但目前产能无法满足现有需求,导致很多公司面临困难。
  • 🎁 尽管零售商提前订货,但消费者可能无法看到通常的货物种类和数量。
  • 🌐 港口是物流中最大的瓶颈,尤其是洛杉矶和长滩港口的拥堵问题。
  • 🦠 亚洲的德尔塔变种病毒导致低疫苗接种率,进而导致一些国家关闭,加剧了供应链问题。
  • 🚧 美国港口无法处理前所未有的需求,导致船只排队等待卸货,造成混乱。
  • 📦 即使货物到达港口,也可能因为港口作业效率低下而被延迟运输。
  • 🚚 司机短缺和运输工具不足也是导致货物运输受阻的原因之一。
  • 📊 需求高涨,但由于供应链问题,企业难以满足市场需求,并且面临价格上涨。
  • 💰 生产商将成本上涨转嫁给消费者,消费者需要接受这一现实。
  • 🛒 消费者可能需要调整期望,提前下单,以应对年底的供应链混乱。
  • 🔑 2022年第一季度可能会有所改善,但2025年码头工人合同到期可能带来新的挑战。
  • 🚧 中国新年可能会导致生产放缓,但也可能有公司利用这个时期赶工以满足订单。
  • 🚢 需要增加船只数量和航运能力,以及可能考虑使用较小的港口来缓解拥堵。
  • 🤝 企业应与货运代理商合作,寻找最佳的货物运输方式,尤其是在第四季度。

Q & A

  • 2021年第四季度的货物延误和供应短缺情况如何?

    -根据帕特里克·潘菲尔德教授的分析,2021年第四季度的货物延误和供应短缺情况非常严重,全球供应链面临诸多问题,导致许多公司在高峰季节面临巨大挑战。

  • 为什么第四季度的货物需求会上升?

    -第四季度通常是假日季节,消费者对商品的需求会增加,因此零售商和制造商需要提前准备更多的库存来满足市场需求。

  • 零售商是否已经提前订购了假日商品?

    -是的,许多零售商已经提前订购了假日商品,但即便如此,由于供应链的问题,商品的多样性和数量可能无法满足消费者的期望。

  • 目前供应链中最大的瓶颈是什么?

    -最大的瓶颈是港口,由于亚洲的疫情和低疫苗接种率,许多港口被迫关闭或运营受限,导致船只无法及时卸载货物。

  • 港口的运作问题具体表现在哪些方面?

    -港口的运作问题主要表现在船只无法及时卸载货物,以及港口没有足够的能力处理前所未有的货物需求,导致货物积压和延误。

  • 除了港口问题外,还有哪些因素导致供应链受阻?

    -除了港口问题外,还有司机短缺、卡车和集装箱不足等因素,这些都限制了货物的运输能力。

  • 需求方面的情况如何?

    -需求方面非常高,几乎所有行业都面临着需求上升的情况,但由于供应链问题,企业难以满足这些需求。

  • 价格上升对消费者有什么影响?

    -价格上升意味着消费者可能需要支付更高的价格购买商品,许多生产商选择将成本上涨转嫁给消费者。

  • 消费者是否需要调整他们的购物习惯?

    -是的,由于供应链问题,消费者可能需要提前下单,做好等待货物的准备,可能无法像以前那样快速获得商品。

  • 供应链问题何时可能得到缓解?

    -根据潘菲尔德教授的观点,供应链问题可能在2022年第一季度开始得到缓解,但这还取决于多种因素,包括港口工人的合同问题等。

  • 有哪些可能的解决方案或替代方案来缓解供应链问题?

    -可能的解决方案包括使用较小的港口、增加船舶数量、改善集装箱定价以及与货运代理合作寻找最佳的货物运输方式。

Outlines

00:00

🚢 全球供应链危机与货物延误

帕特里克·彭菲尔德教授在讨论2021年第四季度的货物延误、供应短缺和价格上涨问题时指出,全球供应链面临重大挑战。他提到,今年几乎所有供应链环节都出现了问题,导致第四季度对许多公司来说将非常困难,尤其是在高峰季节。彭菲尔德教授强调,由于需求激增,现有运力无法满足当前需求,导致货物无法及时到达目的地。他还提到,尽管许多零售商提前下单,但消费者可能无法看到他们习惯的品种和数量。

05:02

🌐 物流瓶颈与港口拥堵问题

彭菲尔德教授进一步讨论了物流瓶颈,特别是港口问题。他指出,由于亚洲疫情的爆发和低疫苗接种率,许多国家不得不关闭,导致港口关闭,船只无法卸载货物。这导致了美国港口的货物积压,无法满足前所未有的需求。他还提到了港口的非先进先出(FIFO)问题,即货物到达港口后可能无法按照到达顺序被卸载和运输。此外,司机短缺和运输工具不足也加剧了运输问题。

10:03

🛒 消费者需求高涨与价格上升

彭菲尔德教授指出,尽管面临供应链问题,但消费者需求仍然很高。他提到,许多行业都报告了高需求,但企业在满足这些需求方面遇到了困难。此外,价格上升也是一个问题,许多生产商选择将成本上涨转嫁给消费者。他建议消费者提前下单,以避免在节日季末遇到供应问题。

📈 供应链改善的前景与挑战

彭菲尔德教授对供应链问题的未来展望持谨慎乐观态度。他希望在2022年第一季度开始看到一些改善,但也表达了对2025年码头工人合同到期可能引发的潜在问题的担忧。他担心,如果码头工人罢工或减慢工作速度,可能会导致港口再次出现拥堵。他还提到,第一季度通常是需求下降的时期,加上中国新年,可能会给供应链带来一些缓解。他希望看到更多的船只投入运营,以增加运输能力,并降低集装箱价格。

🤝 寻找解决方案与合作伙伴

彭菲尔德教授建议公司寻找创造性的合作伙伴关系和解决方案,以应对当前的拥堵问题。他提到,使用较小的船只和港口可能是一个解决方案,但需要考虑船只的大小和港口的处理能力。他强调了与货运代理合作的重要性,以找到最佳的货物运输方式。

Mindmap

Keywords

💡供应链管理

供应链管理是指对商品从原材料采购到最终用户交付的整个流程进行计划、组织、协调、控制和优化的过程。在视频中,Patrick Penfield教授作为供应链管理的专家,讨论了2021年末全球供应链面临的挑战,如货物延误和供应短缺,这些是供应链管理中的关键问题。

💡货物延误

货物延误是指货物在运输过程中因为各种原因未能按时到达目的地。视频中提到,由于全球供应链问题,2021年第四季度出现了严重的货物延误,这对许多公司尤其是节假日高峰期间的运营产生了负面影响。

💡供应短缺

供应短缺是指市场上某种商品或服务的供应量无法满足需求量的情况。视频中提到,由于全球供应链的中断,导致了供应短缺,影响了公司满足需求的能力。

💡假日季节

假日季节通常指的是年末的节假日购物高峰期,如圣诞节和新年。视频中提到,由于供应链问题,2021年的假日季节特别困难,因为需求增加但供应能力受限。

💡港口拥堵

港口拥堵是指由于各种原因,如货物积压、劳动力短缺等,导致港口运作效率降低,船只无法及时装卸货物。视频中提到,港口是供应链中的一个重要瓶颈,尤其是洛杉矶和长滩港口的拥堵情况。

💡司机短缺

司机短缺是指运输行业中卡车司机的数量不足以满足运输需求。视频中提到,司机短缺是导致供应链问题的一个因素,因为没有足够的司机来运输货物。

💡需求高涨

需求高涨是指市场上对某种商品或服务的需求量大增。视频中提到,尽管面临供应链问题,但各个行业的需求依然很高,这加剧了供应链的压力。

💡价格上升

价格上升是指商品或服务的成本增加,导致其售价上升。视频中提到,由于供应链问题,许多生产商不得不提高价格,而这些成本最终转嫁给了消费者。

💡消费者期望

消费者期望是指消费者对购买商品或服务时的质量和速度的预期。视频中提到,由于供应链问题,消费者可能需要调整他们的期望,比如接受延迟交货或减少的选择。

💡替代方案

替代方案是指在面临问题或障碍时采取的备选方法或路径。视频中提到,一些公司可能需要寻找替代方案,如使用较小的港口或增加与货运代理的合作,以解决供应链中的问题。

Highlights

2021年第四季度的货物延误和供应短缺将非常严重,特别是对许多公司而言。

全球供应链问题导致2021年出现一系列问题,任何一个环节的中断都会影响整个链条。

第四季度需求增加,但目前无法满足现有需求。

尽管零售商提前订货,但假日商品的供应量和种类将减少。

物流的最大瓶颈是港口问题,尤其是洛杉矶和长滩的港口。

亚洲尤其是中国的疫情和低疫苗接种率导致生产和物流中断。

港口拥堵导致船只无法及时卸载货物。

港口没有遵循先进先出原则,导致货物无法及时被运走。

司机短缺和运输工具不足也是导致物流问题的因素。

需求高涨,但企业难以满足,同时面临价格上涨问题。

生产商将成本上涨转嫁给消费者。

消费者可能需要调整对快速服务的期望,提前下单。

供应链危机要求消费者和企业提前做好准备。

2022年第一季度可能会看到一些改善,但存在不确定性。

2025年长滩工人合同到期可能引发新的供应链问题。

中国新年可能会影响生产和物流,但也可能促使企业加快订单处理。

需要增加船舶数量和运力来缓解供应链压力。

考虑使用较小的港口和货船作为潜在的解决方案。

与货运代理合作寻找最佳的货物运输方式至关重要。

Transcripts

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surviving cargo delays and supply

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shortages for the rest of 2021

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to talk about it i'm joined by patrick

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penfield he is professor of practice and

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supply chain management and director of

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executive education at the syracuse

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university whitman school

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hello patrick hi robert how are you good

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thanks for being with me so let's get a

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picture of what this last quarter of

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2021 is going to look like in terms of

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cargo delays supply shortages and prices

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what are you seeing how's it shaping up

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yeah so i'm seeing it to be a very

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difficult uh fourth quarter and part of

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it is just again just the the issues

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that we have with the global supply

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chain so

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everything this year just seems to have

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gone wrong and so it's just one part of

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supply chain has any type of disruption

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then it impacts everything

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so yeah i'm looking at a really bad

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fourth quarter for uh for a lot of

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companies unfortunately and especially

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during peak season so that's not good

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news

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it's horrible right so we've had issues

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right now with with not enough capacity

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and so usually again fourth quarter

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holiday season usually you know demand

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just amps up and so unfortunately we

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can't even handle the current demand

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that we have so this is you know this is

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why you know i guys stated it's going to

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be very difficult for for companies to

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be able to get what they need well we'd

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like to think that at least some of the

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holiday merchandise that will be sold on

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shelves this season has probably already

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been brought in i know a lot of

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companies a lot of retailers were

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ordering early so is that the case that

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maybe they do have some stuff to sell

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it's not being held up in ships off the

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coast of l.a and long beach yeah

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absolutely so they they've tried to do

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as much as they possibly can as far as

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you know getting in inventory but you

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know it's still you know you still have

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that window right and so the the ideal

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situation is you know to get that stuff

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in may june get into your distribution

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centers and then be able to get it on

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the store shelves by at least the end of

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september

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so you're going to see stuff i think

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what i i've been telling people is this

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is that you'll see things on the shelf

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but unfortunately you won't see the

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variety and you won't see the volume

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that you're normally accustomed to

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seeing

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where are the biggest bottlenecks the

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biggest choke points logistically right

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now

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yeah i'd have to see the ports the ports

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still seem to be a problem

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so you know again every industry is a

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little different as far as you know how

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they're i hate to use the word suffering

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but suffering is probably the right word

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so you know the the unfortunate thing is

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you know we uh you know china is our

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largest trading partner here in the

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states and so you know we've just seen

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the delta variant just running rampant

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throughout asia and so unfortunately

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because of the low vaccination rates

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what we're seeing is that these

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countries are just closing down you know

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they're issuing directives no move

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uh you know not again

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yeah again again right so

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this is just causing more issues right

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so you shut down a port then you have

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ships at uh you know outside the port uh

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you know waiting to to uh you know to be

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able to unload

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and uh again uh the waves right so you

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know we we don't see enough ships coming

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over and then when they do come over

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then you know we have this unprecedented

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demand that the ports here in the us

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can't handle and then yeah it's just an

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ugly mess

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so the problem is it's not um there's no

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fifo with the ports either right so if

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you're shipping stuff over from asia and

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it gets over to the port of long beach a

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part of los angeles it gets unloaded

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you're not going to necessarily get that

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first one that should have been you know

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unloaded first you know on on the trucks

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and on or on the trains you know it

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could get buried there and that that's

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what's going on well you might have an

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order but it's it's somewhere there in

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the park but we just don't know where

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well that's always been the case for

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these giant container ships that

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sometimes your container will be buried

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deep in the hold but it would eventually

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would come out of faster rate than it is

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now so i guess that's it unless unless

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somebody paid for top deck movements or

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something but even if it comes off the

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top deck it's still going to get stuck

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on a train or a truck somewhere right

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absolutely right it's just just not

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enough capacity to to be able to move

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this uh this inventory and bodies and

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people too i mean driver driver shortage

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absolutely right so that's impacting

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things too right so we don't have enough

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drivers um you know we don't have enough

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uh uh trucks uh we don't have uh the the

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trailers to handle some of these uh you

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know the the 20-foot containers so you

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know this is just an ongoing mess and so

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this is the problem we have stuff here

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but we're just unable to get it to where

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it needs to go and so you know this is

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going to be an ongoing problem

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throughout this fourth quarter meanwhile

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what is demand looking like what are the

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what are the trends there yeah demand is

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is very high you know so there have been

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various reports you know i've seen you

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know um almost every industry seems to

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be busy so everybody seems to have this

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demand um the issue is that they're

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having a problem trying to fulfill it

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and then the other problem they have is

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just the price increases that they're

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going to get with right so again is what

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do you do with you know with what the

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price increases do do you pass it on or

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do you hold it and most most of these

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producers are actually passing on to the

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consumers

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yeah and they're having just have to put

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up with it yeah i'm also wondering how

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this is going to affect consumer

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expectations we as consumers have become

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pretty spoiled over the recent years

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especially in online orders getting our

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stuff when we want it and as quickly as

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we want it and quickly by that i mean

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it's quicker than ever

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do you think we may have to make some

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compromises on service just because the

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reality this situation just have to put

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up with it or consumers not going to

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take that lying down

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no i absolutely think you have to and i

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would tell all your listeners and all

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the consumers out there is order early

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and uh you know to get your shipments in

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because it will be a mess out there you

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know during especially if you're a

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last-minute type person and i i tend to

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be a last-minute person and i'm even

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taking my own advice

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i know this ongoing situation that's

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going to present itself in december yeah

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it's going to be awful it's just

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and what i mean by awful it's just um

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it's it's going to be a mess and and

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that's what i mean i think there's going

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to be a lot of difficulty in trying to

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get product where it needs to go and i

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think it's just because everything is

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just getting plugged up so the whole

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supply chain is is more or less in

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crisis right now

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you know it's good advice when you

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follow it yourself right

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absolutely

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well what will it take for this

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situation to improve if it's not going

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to improve in the fourth quarter mean

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what has to happen

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in order for these log jams to clear the

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bottlenecks to clear and things to start

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moving at a reasonable pace again yeah i

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i think i'm hopeful that we'll start to

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see some of the stuff on on

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unfold hopefully in the first quarter

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the concern i have and nobody's really

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been talking about this is the

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longshoremen uh and their contract which

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expires in july of 2025.

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so if you remember the last time we had

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an issue with longshoremen yep it was it

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was not a very good situation because a

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third

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of what could uh you know brought in

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from asia comes through those ports you

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know from uh and so i'm concerned about

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that i think we might be able to to to

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you know do things a little better in

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that first second quarter but if that

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long shoremen if they strike then all

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bets are off then i think we'll be back

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in this situation that we're in today or

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even slow down which is what happened in

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the past you don't even need a strike

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you just need a slowdown of work and all

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of a sudden the ships start piling up

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outside the harbor again absolutely yeah

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so the er first quarter is generally a a

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dip

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in demand you got chinese new year too

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so you don't have a lot of as much

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activity going on so maybe we take a

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breath then i don't know what do you

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think well i i think you know i i i'm

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and again i'm trying to think if i were

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in china and i was a china company i i

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could see them again there you know uh

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the chinese new year is a big holiday in

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china right and uh i could see where you

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might even see the the chinese companies

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producing uh somewhat in that period too

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maybe it's not as big of a holiday as it

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normally is um just again just to catch

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up with orders and be able to ship so i

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could see where companies might be doing

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some of that you know in the first

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quarter um and again i think you know

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for the most part everybody's going to

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be trying to catch up trying to clean

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out trying to make sure that um

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hopefully they can get things back in

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order

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my hope also is that um you know we see

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more vessels out there from a shipping

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standpoint uh we really need to see some

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price drops with with these uh you know

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the container pricing because it's it's

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always gone crazy yeah yeah so i'm

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hopeful that we'll see some new ships

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out there we'll see some you know some

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extra capacity there and i think if that

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were to happen that i think that would

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be a good move um to make sure that you

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know we can uh really see that and and

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possibly even looking at other ports

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maybe some that maybe have some capacity

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that we might be able to ship to yeah

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you know what about workarounds we've

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heard anecdotally about some companies

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using smaller ports that aren't even

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container ports to bring in containers

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there's a limit i imagine to which you

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can do that before that starts to jam up

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too so are there workarounds or is it

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just we just have to take it until it uh

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until it's really

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so we see relief

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no i i think there are some workarounds

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the issue is is the size of the vessels

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right because you've got some of these

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vessels that can hold ten thousand

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fifteen thousand twenty thousand teus

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and so the dilemma is that these ports

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can't handle these big monster ships

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these mega freighters right so you know

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if it's a smaller ship absolutely so you

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know i've heard people talk about the

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port of houston using that more often

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going up to washington

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uh you know trying to utilize those

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ports and i think that's really kind of

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what you have to do and that's the other

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thing i would stress to to uh you know

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to companies is to work with their

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freight forwarders and you know figure

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out you know what's the best way to to

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move freight you know um especially

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during the fourth quarter because i

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think that's really essential to have

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good partners and hopefully help guide

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you as far as you know their

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recommendations on how to move things

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well

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looks like we're going to have to grind

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it out for the next few months but maybe

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there are small solutions here and there

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of companies to find creative

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partnerships and the like and find ways

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around the current congestion and maybe

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we get some smaller ships for more

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services to smaller ports but in the

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meantime

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patrick penfield syracuse university

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whitman school thank you so much for

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offering your insights on the current

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situation they may not be very rosy but

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at least they're honest and that gives

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us a chance to prepare thanks very much

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for your time i really appreciate it

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you're very welcome robert great talking

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to you and have a have a great uh

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hopefully have a great holiday season

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