PENERAPAN TEORI MANAJEMEN STRATEGIS PADA ORGANISASI SEKTOR PUBLIK (PORTERIAN VS RBV)

Summary

This video discusses the application of strategic management theories in public sector organizations, particularly focusing on Porter’s Strategic Positioning and Blue Ocean Strategy (ARBV). While Porter’s model, which emphasizes competition and market positioning, may be challenging to implement in traditional public organizations, it can be adapted in organizations with a New Public Management orientation. In contrast, ARBV highlights leveraging internal resources to create unique value and competitive advantage. The video explains how both theories can help public sector organizations enhance efficiency, particularly in schools, hospitals, and other service-oriented institutions.

Takeaways

• 😀 Strategic management is a process of planning, implementing, and controlling strategies, which can be applied to both private and public sector organizations.
• 😀 Many theories limit strategic management to profit-seeking companies, but it is equally relevant in public sector organizations, such as schools, hospitals, and government agencies.
• 😀 The application of strategic management in public organizations depends on three key factors: autonomy, performance-based budgeting, and competition.
• 😀 Public organizations are often classified as traditional or New Public Management (NPM) oriented. NPM organizations are more likely to benefit from strategic management theories.
• 😀 Porter’s Strategic Positioning theory focuses on finding a competitive advantage through cost leadership or differentiation, and analyzing market forces with the Five Forces model.
• 😀 Porter’s model is difficult to apply in traditional public organizations because they do not face market competition and often have fixed, performance-unrelated budgets.
• 😀 Public organizations like schools that have adopted NPM can apply Porter’s model, as they have more autonomy in decision-making and must compete for resources like students.
• 😀 The Resource-Based View (RBV) contrasts with Porter’s model by focusing on internal resources as the key to competitive advantage, emphasizing unique, valuable, inimitable, and non-substitutable assets.
• 😀 RBV is especially relevant to organizations that focus on efficiency and internal resource optimization, such as healthcare institutions that use research and specialized knowledge.
• 😀 The success of strategic management models depends on the level of autonomy and the type of management orientation within public sector organizations (traditional vs. NPM).

Q & A

Why might public sector organizations need strategic management?

Strategic management is crucial for public sector organizations as it helps in planning, implementing, and controlling strategies to achieve their organizational goals, even though they primarily focus on routine tasks. It ensures that these organizations operate efficiently and adapt to changes in their environment.

Can strategic management theories be applied to non-profit or public sector organizations?

Yes, strategic management theories, such as Porter's Strategic Positioning and the Blue Ocean Strategy (LBV), can be applied to both private and public organizations. While these theories were initially developed for businesses, they are adaptable to public organizations, particularly those oriented towards efficiency and performance.

What are the two main strategies in Porter's Strategic Positioning?

The two main strategies in Porter's Strategic Positioning are cost leadership and differentiation. Cost leadership focuses on producing standardized products at the lowest possible cost, while differentiation aims to offer unique products or services that stand out in the market.

What are the five forces in Porter's Five Forces model?

Porter's Five Forces model includes the following forces that shape competition within an industry: 1) the power of suppliers, 2) the power of buyers, 3) the threat of substitutes, 4) the threat of new entrants, and 5) the level of industry rivalry.

Why is Porter's Strategic Positioning difficult to apply in public sector organizations?

Porter's Strategic Positioning is difficult to apply in public sector organizations because these organizations often lack the flexibility to choose their market or customers. Moreover, they typically focus on collaboration rather than competition, and their performance is usually measured against mandates set by law rather than market-driven competition.

How can Porter's Strategic Positioning theory be applied in public organizations?

Porter's Strategic Positioning can be applied to public organizations that have adopted New Public Management (NPM) principles. For example, Danish high schools, which gained more autonomy after reforms, now compete for students, allowing them to apply strategic positioning through differentiation and budget-based performance.

What is the core idea behind Blue Ocean Strategy (LBV)?

Blue Ocean Strategy (LBV) focuses on creating new, uncontested market spaces ('blue oceans') instead of competing in overcrowded markets ('red oceans'). It emphasizes innovation, differentiation, and the creation of new value that competitors cannot easily replicate.

How is Blue Ocean Strategy relevant to public organizations?

Blue Ocean Strategy is particularly relevant to public organizations focused on knowledge-based services. These organizations can leverage unique resources or capabilities, such as research and expertise, to create innovative services that set them apart from others in the field, without direct competition.

Can Blue Ocean Strategy be applied to traditional public sector organizations?

Yes, Blue Ocean Strategy can be applied to traditional public sector organizations, especially those that aim to optimize resource use and create value through innovation. While it is more often associated with New Public Management (NPM) organizations, any public entity seeking efficiency and differentiation can benefit from LBV principles.

What is an example of Blue Ocean Strategy in the public sector?

An example of Blue Ocean Strategy in the public sector is found in the UK healthcare system. Large hospitals with strong research foundations can create unique value by leveraging their resources for innovation, thereby achieving a competitive edge over other hospitals without competing directly in the same market.