EPS 70 "Meninjau Ruang Lingkup Pembahasan Ilmu Fiqh"

Summary

This lecture explores the expansive scope of Islamic jurisprudence (fikih), highlighting its evolution into various fields like politics, economics, and social issues. The speaker emphasizes that while fikih traditionally covers legal matters, its integration into broader topics such as democracy, education, and finance in Indonesia has created overlap. To foster healthy academic growth, the speaker advocates for distinct disciplines, arguing that each area—like political science, economics, and sociology—should develop independently, allowing for more focused and robust development across Islamic studies.

Takeaways

• 😀 Fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence) covers a wide range of topics, including law, economics, politics, social issues, and more.
• 😀 Imam Hanafi's work 'Al-Fiqh al-Akbar' expanded fiqh to include not only legal matters but also theological issues.
• 😀 Modern Islamic scholars have developed new branches of fiqh such as constitutional fiqh, political fiqh, financial fiqh, and administrative fiqh.
• 😀 In Indonesia, over 40 different branches of fiqh have emerged, addressing topics like democracy, gender, education, and national identity.
• 😀 There is a potential overlap or 'tumpang tindih' between fiqh and other disciplines like politics, economics, and social sciences.
• 😀 To avoid this overlap, it is suggested that fields like politics, economics, and sociology should be studied independently, within their own frameworks.
• 😀 Fiqh should focus solely on Islamic law, while other areas like politics and economics should be treated under their respective Islamic disciplines (e.g., Islamic politics or Islamic economics).
• 😀 If fiqh dominates all Islamic knowledge, it could lead to a narrowing of intellectual diversity, with fiqh becoming too broad or 'obese.'
• 😀 By allowing each discipline to grow independently, Islamic knowledge can become richer and more dynamic, enabling better development and reform.
• 😀 The integration of Islamic disciplines should involve a balanced approach, where each field operates within its own boundaries but contributes to the overall Islamic understanding.

Q & A

What is the main theme of the speaker's discussion in the transcript?

The main theme is the broad and expanding scope of Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh), which now includes a variety of fields beyond traditional religious practices, such as politics, economics, and social issues. The speaker emphasizes the need for separating these fields to allow for proper academic development.

How has Islamic jurisprudence evolved over time, according to the speaker?

Islamic jurisprudence has evolved to cover a wide range of societal and legal issues. While traditionally focused on religious obligations like worship and transactions, it now also addresses issues like politics, economics, gender, education, and social issues. Scholars have developed new branches of fiqh to address these contemporary concerns.

What examples does the speaker give of new branches of fiqh developed in modern times?

The speaker mentions several new branches of fiqh that have been developed, including Fiqh al-Dusturi (Constitutional Fiqh), Fiqh al-Duwali (Statecraft Fiqh), Fiqh al-Mali (Financial Fiqh), Fiqh al-Idari (Administrative Fiqh), Fiqh al-Jinai (Criminal Fiqh), and Fiqh al-Ahwal al-Shakhsiyah (Personal Status Fiqh).

What is the concern regarding the overlap of Islamic jurisprudence with other academic fields?

The concern is that when Islamic jurisprudence is applied to fields like politics, economics, or education, it can lead to an 'overlap' or confusion, where these disciplines are overly influenced by legalistic perspectives. This can stifle the development of other academic fields and prevent them from evolving independently.

What is the speaker's recommendation for the future of Islamic studies?

The speaker recommends that Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh) should focus specifically on law and legal issues, while other fields such as politics, economics, and education should be treated as separate academic disciplines. This would allow each discipline to grow and develop independently, fostering a more balanced and enriched body of Islamic knowledge.

How does the speaker suggest the integration of Islamic studies with other fields?

The speaker suggests that integration should occur through an interdisciplinary or transdisciplinary approach, where the specific subject matter of each field (such as politics, economics, or sociology) is studied independently, while still acknowledging their interconnections within the broader Islamic intellectual framework.

What would be the consequence of incorporating non-legal fields into fiqh, according to the speaker?

If non-legal fields like politics or economics are incorporated into fiqh, the result could be an imbalance in the development of Islamic knowledge. Fiqh could become too 'heavy' or 'obese,' while other fields would become underdeveloped or 'malnourished,' hindering their potential growth.

Why does the speaker stress the importance of defining the boundaries of academic fields in Islamic studies?

Defining the boundaries of academic fields in Islamic studies is important to ensure that each discipline develops according to its specific needs and methods. By keeping fiqh focused on legal matters, and allowing other disciplines like politics, economics, and education to evolve independently, Islamic knowledge can grow in a more structured and comprehensive way.

How does the speaker define the object of study in different academic fields?

The speaker defines the object of study for each academic field by considering the 'material object' (such as human needs or behavior) and the 'formal object' (such as politics, economics, or psychology). Each field should focus on its own material and formal objects, allowing for clearer and more effective scholarly development.

What is the significance of separating fiqh from other fields like politics, economics, and education?

Separating fiqh from other fields is significant because it allows for the specialized development of these disciplines without being constrained by legalistic frameworks. This separation ensures that fields like Islamic political science, Islamic economics, and Islamic education can develop in their own right, contributing to a more diverse and well-rounded body of Islamic scholarship.