BIOLOGI Kelas 11 - Sistem Ekskresi Manusia | GIA Academy

GIA Academy
14 Feb 202120:47

Summary

TLDRThis educational video script delves into the human body's excretory system, highlighting its crucial role in maintaining health by eliminating waste. It details the functions of four key organs: the kidneys, which filter blood and produce urine; the skin, responsible for sweating; the liver, which secretes bile and detoxifies; and the lungs, essential for exhaling carbon dioxide and water vapor. The script also discusses the structural components of each organ and the potential health issues that can arise from their dysfunction, providing a comprehensive overview of the body's waste management processes.

Takeaways

  • 🌡️ The human body maintains balance through various excretory systems, which help regulate the levels of metabolic waste and protect cells from harmful substances.
  • 💧 The kidneys play a crucial role in excretion by filtering blood and producing urine, which contains waste products such as urea, creatinine, and excess electrolytes.
  • 💦 The skin also serves as an excretory organ by releasing sweat, which helps regulate body temperature and eliminate some waste products.
  • 🤒 The liver functions as an excretory organ by producing bile, which aids in the digestion and absorption of fats and the elimination of waste products like bilirubin.
  • 💨 The lungs are responsible for gas exchange, exhaling carbon dioxide and water vapor, which are byproducts of cellular respiration.
  • 🧘‍♂️ Homeostasis is maintained by the excretory system, which helps keep the body's fluid balance, blood plasma volume, and electrolyte levels in check.
  • 🧬 Each kidney contains about one million nephrons, which are the functional and structural units responsible for filtering the blood and forming urine.
  • 🌡️ Sweat production by the skin is influenced by factors such as body temperature, environmental temperature, physical activity, health conditions, and emotional states.
  • 🚿 The liver has multiple functions, including energy storage, vitamin storage, chemical production for the body, detoxification of blood, and bile secretion for fat digestion.
  • 🌬️ The lungs facilitate the removal of carbon dioxide and water vapor through the process of diffusion across the alveoli and exhalation through the nose.
  • ❄️ In cold weather, the body may produce more urine because the closed skin pores prevent sweat from escaping, leading to an increased need for the elimination of water and waste products through urination.

Q & A

  • What are the three main systems of excretion in the human body?

    -The three main systems of excretion in the human body are defecation, secretion, and excretion. Defecation involves the process of eliminating waste from digestion such as feces. Secretion refers to the release of substances like hormones and enzymes that are still useful to the body. Excretion is the process of eliminating waste products of metabolism that are no longer useful, such as urine and sweat.

  • What are the four main excretory organs in the human body?

    -The four main excretory organs in the human body are the kidneys, skin, liver, and lungs. Each of these organs plays a crucial role in maintaining the body's homeostasis by eliminating waste products.

  • What is the primary function of the kidneys in the human body?

    -The primary function of the kidneys is to filter waste products and excess substances from the blood through the formation of urine. They also help regulate electrolyte balance, maintain acid-base balance, and produce certain hormones like erythropoietin and calcitriol.

  • How does the skin contribute to the excretory process?

    -The skin contributes to the excretory process by producing and releasing sweat, which helps regulate body temperature and eliminate certain waste products, such as urea and salts.

  • What is the role of the liver in the excretory system?

    -The liver plays a significant role in the excretory system by producing bile, which aids in the digestion and absorption of fats. It also detoxifies harmful substances and produces bile, which contains bilirubin, a waste product that gives feces its brown color.

  • How do the lungs participate in the excretory process?

    -The lungs participate in the excretory process by exhaling carbon dioxide and water vapor, which are waste products of cellular respiration, through the process of breathing.

  • What is the structure of the nephron, and what is its function in the kidney?

    -The nephron is the functional and structural unit of the kidney. Each nephron consists of the glomerulus, which is a network of capillaries for blood filtration, and a series of tubules for reabsorption and secretion of various substances. Nephrons filter the blood, remove waste, and regulate the balance of electrolytes and fluid in the body.

  • What is the significance of the liver's ability to produce bile?

    -The liver's ability to produce bile is significant as bile is essential for the digestion and absorption of fats. It also helps in the elimination of waste products such as bilirubin and biliverdin, which contribute to the coloration of feces and urine.

  • How does the body regulate the production of urine?

    -The body regulates the production of urine through various factors including antidiuretic hormone levels, age, temperature or weather conditions, health status, lifestyle, activity levels, and the amount of water consumed.

  • What are some common disorders that can affect the excretory organs?

    -Some common disorders that can affect the excretory organs include diabetes mellitus and insipidus for the kidneys, acne, eczema, or allergies for the skin, hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, or Wilson's disease for the liver, and asthma, lung cancer, emphysema, or tuberculosis for the lungs.

  • How does the body respond to cold weather in terms of excretion?

    -In cold weather, the body's pores close, reducing sweat production. As a result, the body retains more water and waste products, leading to an increase in urine production as the kidneys filter out the excess and excrete it through urine.

Outlines

00:00

🧘 Human Excretory System Overview

This paragraph introduces the concept of the human excretory system, which is crucial for maintaining homeostasis by eliminating waste products from the body. It explains the three main types of excretion: defecation, secretion, and excretion of metabolic waste such as urine and sweat. The paragraph emphasizes the importance of these processes in preventing diseases and maintaining the body's balance. It also outlines the four primary excretory organs: the kidneys, skin, liver, and lungs, and briefly describes the normal excretory functions such as sweating, urination, and breathing.

05:01

🚰 The Role of Kidneys in Excretion

This paragraph delves into the specific functions of the kidneys, which are vital for filtering waste and excess substances from the blood to form urine. It describes the structure of the kidneys, including the cortex, medulla, and renal pelvis, as well as the nephron, which is the functional unit of the kidney. The nephron's role in filtration, reabsorption, and secretion to produce urine is explained. The paragraph also covers the process of urine formation, starting from filtration at the glomerulus, reabsorption in the proximal tubule, and augmentation in the distal tubule, leading to the collection of urine in the renal pelvis and its eventual excretion through the ureter, bladder, and urethra.

10:02

🌡 The Skin: Our Largest Excretory Organ

The skin is highlighted as the body's largest organ, serving multiple functions including protection, temperature regulation, and excretion. This paragraph describes the skin's structure, which consists of the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layer, and explains how it produces sweat as a means of excretion. It discusses how sweat glands are influenced by body temperature and the nervous system to regulate the amount of sweat produced, which helps maintain body temperature. Factors affecting sweat production, such as physical activity, environmental temperature, health conditions, and emotional states, are also mentioned.

15:03

💖 The Liver: A Multifaceted Excretory Organ

This paragraph focuses on the liver, the body's largest internal organ, which plays a significant role in metabolism, detoxification, and excretion. It details the liver's structure, including lobes and lobules, and its protective capsule. The liver's functions are explored, such as storing energy as glycogen, producing essential chemicals like albumin and clotting factors, and detoxifying harmful substances from the blood. The liver's role in bile production is emphasized, which is crucial for digestion and the excretion of bilirubin and biliverdin, contributing to the color of bile and feces.

20:04

🌬 The Lungs: Excretion Through Respiration

The final paragraph discusses the lungs, which are responsible for gas exchange and the excretion of carbon dioxide and water vapor. It describes the structure of the lungs, including the trachea, bronchi, and alveoli, and explains how these structures facilitate the diffusion of gases, leading to the expulsion of waste products through exhalation. The paragraph also touches on the consequences of impaired excretory functions, such as various diseases affecting the kidneys, skin, liver, and lungs, and concludes with a review of the functions of the excretory organs covered in the video.

📚 Summary and Quiz on the Excretory System

The last paragraph wraps up the discussion on the human excretory system and invites viewers to continue learning by watching more videos on the channel. It also presents a quiz to reinforce the understanding of the excretory functions, with questions about the kidneys, skin, bile, and the effects of cold weather on urine production. The correct answers to the quiz are provided, helping viewers to solidify their knowledge of the excretory system.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Metabolism

Metabolism refers to the chemical processes that occur within a living organism to maintain life, including the breakdown of substances for energy and the synthesis of compounds needed for the body's functioning. In the video, it is mentioned that the body's metabolism produces waste products that need to be managed and removed to prevent health issues, which is the role of the excretory system.

💡Excretory System

The excretory system is a body of organs responsible for the elimination of metabolic waste products from the body. The video focuses on the human excretory system, which includes the kidneys, skin, liver, and lungs. These organs work together to remove waste and maintain homeostasis, illustrating the importance of the excretory system in overall health.

💡Kidneys

Kidneys are vital organs in the excretory system, with each human having two kidneys that are bean-shaped and located on either side of the spine. They play a crucial role in filtering waste products from the blood, which are then excreted as urine. The video describes the structure of the kidneys and their function in urine formation, highlighting their importance in maintaining the body's fluid balance and electrolyte levels.

💡Skin

The skin is the body's largest organ and serves as a protective barrier. It is also an excretory organ by producing sweat, which helps regulate body temperature and eliminate waste products. The video explains how the skin, through sweat glands, produces sweat that contains water, salts, and other metabolic byproducts, showing its role in thermoregulation and waste removal.

💡Liver

The liver is the largest internal organ and has a wide range of functions, including detoxification, protein synthesis, and the production of bile, which aids in digestion. In the context of the excretory system, the liver is responsible for breaking down harmful substances and producing bile, which is stored in the gallbladder and helps in the digestion and absorption of fats. The video mentions the liver's role in the production of bile, which is an excretory function.

💡Lungs

The lungs are a pair of spongy, air-filled organs in the chest that play a critical role in respiration. They are also part of the excretory system as they expel carbon dioxide, a waste product of metabolism, from the body. The video describes the lungs' function in exhaling water vapor and carbon dioxide, emphasizing their role in gas exchange and waste removal.

💡Sweat Glands

Sweat glands are excretory structures in the skin that produce sweat, which is a mixture of water, salts, and other substances. They are crucial for temperature regulation and waste excretion. The video explains how sweat glands are influenced by body temperature and the central nervous system, with the amount of sweat produced varying based on factors like environmental temperature and physical activity.

💡Bile

Bile is a fluid produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder. It is then released into the small intestine to aid in the digestion and absorption of fats. Bile contains bile salts, which emulsify fats, and bilirubin, a waste product from the breakdown of red blood cells. The video discusses bile's role in digestion and its production as part of the liver's excretory function.

💡Urine

Urine is a liquid waste product formed in the kidneys by the filtration of blood and the removal of excess water, salts, and other substances. It is then stored in the bladder and excreted through the urethra. The video details the process of urine formation, including filtration, reabsorption, and secretion, and how it is a key mechanism for waste removal and maintaining the body's chemical balance.

💡Homeostasis

Homeostasis is the ability of an organism to maintain a stable internal environment despite changes in external conditions. The excretory system plays a critical role in homeostasis by regulating the levels of water, electrolytes, and other substances in the body. The video mentions how the excretory system helps maintain homeostasis by controlling the levels of metabolic waste products and excess substances.

💡Nephron

A nephron is the functional unit of the kidney that filters blood to produce urine. Each kidney contains approximately one million nephrons, which consist of a glomerulus and tubules. The video describes the structure and function of nephrons, emphasizing their role in filtering waste and maintaining the body's fluid balance.

Highlights

Introduction to the importance of maintaining a balance of fluids and nutrients in the body through the excretory system.

Explanation of the three main components of the human excretory system: defecation, secretion, and excretion.

Description of the role of the kidneys in filtering waste and maintaining homeostasis.

Details on the structure of the kidneys, including the cortex, medulla, and renal pelvis.

Functioning of the nephron as the basic functional and structural unit of the kidney's excretory system.

The process of urine formation involving filtration, reabsorption, and secretion.

How the skin acts as an excretory organ by producing sweat to regulate body temperature.

The liver's role in detoxification, bile production, and storage of glycogen and vitamins.

The anatomy and function of the lungs in exhaling carbon dioxide and water vapor.

Importance of the excretory system in maintaining the body's fluid balance and electrolyte levels.

The impact of hormones, age, temperature, health conditions, lifestyle, and water intake on urine production.

Differentiation between the functions of the skin, kidneys, liver, and lungs as excretory organs.

Potential health issues arising from the malfunction of the excretory system, such as diabetes and kidney stones.

The skin's protective role against injuries and ultraviolet radiation, and its role in vitamin D production.

Explanation of how the liver processes old hemoglobin and produces bile pigments.

How the lungs facilitate the exchange of gases and the removal of carbon dioxide from the body.

The conclusion summarizing the functions of the excretory organs and the importance of their proper functioning.

Transcripts

play00:00

Hai Cinta

play00:06

[Musik]

play00:12

halo halo teman teman selamat datang

play00:19

kembali DJ Academy youtube channel

play00:22

Semoga teman-teman selalu sehat dan

play00:26

terus semangat Oh iya setiap hari kita

play00:31

bisa minum berbagai jenis minuman saat

play00:35

pagi setelah berolahraga kita minum air

play00:37

putih siangnya minum jus buah dan malam

play00:41

hari kita minum kopi saat mengumpul

play00:43

bareng teman nah jika semua minuman

play00:47

tersebut masuk ke tubuh kita dan tidak

play00:50

ada yang mengaturnya maka metabolisme

play00:52

tubuh kita menjadi kacau sehingga banyak

play00:56

penyakit yang akan bermunculan untuk

play00:59

mencegah hal tersebut terjadi kira-kira

play01:02

apa ya yang dilakukan oleh tubuh kita

play01:05

[Musik]

play01:08

ternyata didalam tubuh kita terdapat

play01:11

berbagai sistem

play01:12

Hai mampu menjaga tubuh agar tetap

play01:14

seimbang yaitu melalui sistem

play01:17

pengeluaran sistem pengeluaran dalam

play01:20

tubuh kita terbagi tiga ada defekasi

play01:23

yaitu proses pengeluaran sisa-sisa

play01:26

pencernaan seperti feses sistem sekresi

play01:31

mengeluarkan sisa-sisa metabolisme yang

play01:33

masih berguna bagi tubuh contohnya

play01:36

hormon dan enzim dan sistem ekskresi

play01:40

yaitu Pengeluaran sisa metabolisme yang

play01:43

sudah tidak berguna bagi tubuh seperti

play01:45

urine keringat cairan empedu nah di

play01:52

video kali ini kita akan fokus membahas

play01:54

sistem ekskresi manusia biar kita makin

play01:58

tahu tentang sistem ini tonton videonya

play02:01

sampai selesai ya dalam kehidupan

play02:05

sehari-hari kita akan mengalami sistem

play02:08

ekskresi seperti berikut kacamata

play02:11

berembun saat

play02:12

bernafas sering buang air kecil saat

play02:15

cuaca dingin atau tubuh kita berkeringat

play02:18

saat cuaca panas gejala ekskresi yang

play02:24

kita alami tadi adalah hal yang wajar

play02:26

karena sistem ini berguna untuk

play02:29

menurunkan kadar zat produk metabolisme

play02:33

melindungi sel-sel tubuh dari makanan

play02:35

bersifat racun menjaga keseimbangan

play02:38

cairan tubuh atau homeostatis dan

play02:42

membantu mempertahankan suhu tubuh

play02:44

[Musik]

play02:47

kira-kira apa aja ya organ dalam tubuh

play02:51

kita yang menjadi alat ekskresi Nah ada

play02:55

4 organ ekskresi yaitu ginjal kulit hati

play03:00

dan paru-paru Mari kita bahas satu

play03:03

persatu kita mulai dari ginjal tubuh

play03:12

kita

play03:12

memiliki dua ginjal yang bentuknya

play03:15

seperti kacang merah ginjal ini terletak

play03:18

di bagian kanan dan kiri tulang pinggang

play03:21

di dalam rongga perut dan letak ginjal

play03:24

kanan lebih rendah dari ginjal kiri

play03:26

karena ginjal kanan harus berbagi tempat

play03:29

dengan hati dibagian atasnya dan seperti

play03:35

inilah posisi ginjal yang terhubung

play03:38

dengan organ lainnya di dalam tubuh

play03:40

ginjal terhubung dengan saluran urin

play03:43

atau ureter kemudian ada kantong kemih

play03:47

dan saluran akhir atau uretra struktur

play03:52

penyusun ginjal terdiri dari korteks

play03:55

medula Khalik kapsul fibrous pelvis

play04:00

renalis dan ureter ginjal tersambung

play04:04

langsung dengan pembuluh vena dan Arteri

play04:06

secara umum ginjal dibagi menjadi tiga

play04:10

bagian utama yaitu

play04:12

Hai korteks yang didalamnya terdapat

play04:14

nefron medula terdiri dari tubulus

play04:18

kontortus dan kolektivus dan felfest

play04:21

renalis tahukah teman-teman pada satu

play04:26

unit ginjal manusia terdapat satu juta

play04:29

nefron nefron merupakan unit fungsional

play04:32

dan struktural terkecil dalam sistem

play04:35

ekskresi pada ginjal setiap nefron

play04:38

terdiri atas Badan malpighi dan saluran

play04:42

nefron Badan malpighi mengandung

play04:45

glomerulus yang diselubungi oleh kapsul

play04:48

Bowman glomerulus bentuknya seperti

play04:51

anyaman pembuluh darah untuk menyaring

play04:54

darah kemudian saluran nefron terdiri

play04:58

dari tubulus proksimal lengkung henle

play05:00

dan tubulus distal juga ada

play05:04

pembuluh-pembuluh darah yang disebut

play05:06

tubulus kolektivus Nah teman-teman

play05:10

berikut catat

play05:12

struktur penyusun nefron ginjal memiliki

play05:18

beberapa fungsi yaitu menjaga

play05:22

keseimbangan air dalam tubuh dengan

play05:24

mengatur volume plasma darah dan air

play05:27

membuang sisa metabolisme seperti urea

play05:30

Kreatinin creatine dan zat lain yang

play05:34

bersifat racun mengatur kandungan

play05:37

elektrolit dengan menyaring zat-zat

play05:39

kimia yang masih berguna bagi tubuh dan

play05:42

mengembalikannya ke saluran peredaran

play05:44

darah menjaga tekanan osmosis dengan

play05:47

cara mengatur ekskresi garam garam

play05:50

menjaga asam basa cairan darah dengan

play05:53

mengekspresikan urine yang bersifat basa

play05:55

atau asam dan menghasilkan zat

play05:59

eritropoietin dan kalsitriol sebagai

play06:05

organ ekskresi ginjal berfungsi untuk

play06:08

menghasilkan urine urine dibentuk dengan

play06:10

tiga tahapan yaitu

play06:12

Hai filtrasi terjadi di glomerulus

play06:15

reabsorpsi di tubulus proksimal dan

play06:18

augmentasi di tubulus distal kemudian

play06:22

hasil hasil ekskresi akan dikumpulkan di

play06:25

tubulus kolektivus pembentukan urine di

play06:30

ginjal diawali dengan proses penyaringan

play06:33

zat sisa beracun atau filtrasi proses

play06:37

Ini menghasilkan urine primer yang

play06:39

mengandung glukosa asam amino air dan

play06:43

garam mineral kemudian terjadi proses

play06:47

reabsorpsi atau penyerapan kembali

play06:49

zat-zat yang masih diperlukan tubuh

play06:51

seperti air glukosa asam amino ion

play06:56

natrium kalium kalsium dan klorida

play07:00

proses Ini menghasilkan urin sekunder

play07:04

selanjutnya zat-zat akan mengalami

play07:07

augmentasi yaitu proses penambahan zat

play07:10

yang tidak diperlukan oleh

play07:12

ke dalam tubulus kontortus distal proses

play07:16

Ini menghasilkan Urine sesungguhnya yang

play07:19

mengandung air urea asam urat Kreatinin

play07:22

creatine garam mineral serta zat warna

play07:26

empedu setelah urine dibentuk urine akan

play07:31

ditampung sementara di pelvis renalis

play07:34

kemudian dialirkan ke ureter dan

play07:37

disimpan sementara di kantung kemih jika

play07:40

di dalam kantung kemih tersimpan urine

play07:42

sekitar 200-300 ML akan timbul refleks

play07:47

rasa ingin buang air kecil urine pun

play07:50

dikeluarkan dari tubuh melalui uretra

play07:53

jadi proses pengeluaran urine dimulai

play07:56

dari ginjal ureter kandung kemih dan

play07:59

uretra volume urine yang dikeluarkan

play08:03

setiap orang dalam sehari berbeda-beda

play08:06

faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi produksi

play08:09

urin diantaranya hormon antidiuretik

play08:12

usia suhu atau cuaca kondisi kesehatan

play08:16

gaya hidup dan aktivitas serta jumlah

play08:19

air yang diminum nah sampai di sini

play08:23

teman-teman bisa paham ya tentang organ

play08:26

ekskresi ginjal organ berikutnya kulit

play08:33

Kulit merupakan lapisan terluar yang

play08:36

membungkus seluruh permukaan tubuh

play08:38

manusia sebagian besar kulit ditumbuhi

play08:41

oleh rambut kulit pada tubuh kita

play08:45

terdiri dari bagian permukaan dan

play08:48

beberapa lapisan pada bagian permukaan

play08:51

kulit terdapat rambut keringat dan

play08:54

pori-pori lapisan penyusun kulit terdiri

play08:57

dari lapisan kulit ari atau epidermis

play09:00

lapisan kulit jangat atau dermis

play09:02

terdapat kelenjar minyak kelenjar

play09:05

keringat akar rambut pembuluh darah dan

play09:08

syaraf kemudian lapisan hipodermis yang

play09:11

terdapat di

play09:12

Lemak sebagai cadangan makanan dan

play09:15

pengatur suhu tubuh lapisan epidermis

play09:20

kulit juga disusun oleh berbagai macam

play09:23

lapisan yaitu lapisan permukaan yang

play09:26

berisi sel-sel kulit yang mati lapisan

play09:29

tanduk lapisan tidak berpigmen lapisan

play09:33

berpigmen lapisan sel Duri dan lapisan

play09:36

pembentuk sel baru Nah teman-teman

play09:40

berikut ini catatan struktur penyusun

play09:44

kulit kulit mempunyai beberapa fungsi

play09:50

yaitu melindungi tubuh dari cedera dan

play09:53

paparan langsung sinar ultraviolet

play09:55

mengatur suhu tubuh dengan memproduksi

play09:58

keringat menentukan warna kulit oleh

play10:01

kandungan melanosit membentuk vitamin D

play10:04

dengan bantuan sinar matahari dan

play10:07

sebagai alat ekskresi kulit berfungsi

play10:10

mengeluarkan keringat dan

play10:12

di dalam menghasilkan keringat Aktivitas

play10:16

kelenjar keringat dipengaruhi oleh suhu

play10:18

tubuh dan sistem saraf pusat atau

play10:21

hipotalamus sehingga jumlah keringat

play10:24

yang dihasilkan tidak sama agar suhu

play10:27

tubuh tetap saat udara panas kita lebih

play10:32

banyak mengeluarkan keringat sedangkan

play10:34

Saat dingin sebaliknya hal itu terjadi

play10:38

karena saat panas suhu tubuh akan

play10:41

meningkat yang menyebabkan pembuluh

play10:43

darah menjadi melebar aktivitas dari

play10:46

pembuluh darah tersebut dikirimkan ke

play10:48

hipotalamus sehingga menyebabkan

play10:51

hipotalamus merespon dengan mengeluarkan

play10:54

enzim-enzim ini akan memberi respon pada

play10:57

kelenjar keringat agar mengambil zat

play11:00

garam dan sisa metabolisme dari pembuluh

play11:03

darah kemudian kulit akan membuka

play11:06

pori-pori sehingga dihasilkan lah

play11:09

keringat nah

play11:12

cuman ada beberapa faktor yang

play11:15

mempengaruhi jumlah keringat antara lain

play11:18

aktivitas tubuh yang meningkat suhu

play11:21

lingkungan yang tinggi kondisi kesehatan

play11:24

dan keadaan emosi kita gimana

play11:27

teman-teman bisa paham ya alat ekskresi

play11:32

berikutnya hati tahukah teman-teman hati

play11:39

merupakan organ bagian dalam manusia

play11:41

yang berukuran paling besar beratnya

play11:44

sekitar 1,5 Kg atau sekitar 3-5 persen

play11:51

dari berat badan kita hati berada di

play11:54

bagian atas sebelah kanan abdomen dan di

play11:58

bawah tulang rusuk yang

play12:00

Hai mungkin hati dalam tubuh kita

play12:02

terdiri dari dua lobus utama yaitu lobus

play12:06

kiri dan kanan kemudian ada kantong

play12:10

empedu pada bagian bawah lobus yang

play12:12

terhubung dengan saluran empedu setiap

play12:16

lobus terdiri atas banyak lobulus

play12:18

lobulus merupakan unsur terkecil yang

play12:21

menyusun hati struktur lobulus berbentuk

play12:24

segi enam dengan panjang kurang lebih

play12:27

satu mm bagian luar hati dilindungi oleh

play12:32

kapsula hepatica dalam jaringan hati

play12:34

terdapat beberapa pembuluh darah yaitu

play12:37

arteri hepatika dan vena porta hepatica

play12:41

jaringan hati tersusun atas sel-sel

play12:44

hepatosit antar lapisan hepatosit

play12:47

dipisahkan oleh lakuna sedangkan antara

play12:50

hepatosit satu dengan hepatosit yang

play12:53

lain dipisahkan oleh kanalikuli hati

play12:59

memiliki

play13:00

fungsi diantaranya tempat untuk

play13:03

menyimpan energi dalam bentuk glikogen

play13:05

menyimpan persediaan vitamin A B C D E

play13:09

dan K menghasilkan zat kimia yang

play13:12

diperlukan tubuh seperti albumin

play13:15

globulin fibrinogen dan protrombin

play13:19

membersihkan zat-zat racun dari aliran

play13:22

darah dan mengekspresikan cairan empedu

play13:27

sebagai organ ekskresi hati mampu

play13:31

memproduksi cairan empedu secara

play13:33

terus-menerus cairan empedu berasal dari

play13:36

penghancuran hemoglobin yang sudah tua

play13:39

hemoglobin ini akan diuraikan menjadi

play13:41

hemin zat besi dan globin zat besi dan

play13:46

globin akan disimpan di dalam hati lalu

play13:49

dikirim ke sumsum tulang merah sementara

play13:52

itu hemin akan dirombak menjadi

play13:55

bilirubin dan biliverdin bilirubin dan

play13:58

biliverdin ini

play14:00

akan zat warna bagi empedu dan

play14:02

mengandung warna hijau biru zat warna

play14:05

tersebut didalam usus akan mengalami

play14:08

oksidasi menjadi urobilin urobilin lalu

play14:12

diekskresikan dari dalam tubuh serta

play14:14

memberi warna kekuningan pada feses dan

play14:18

urine nah teman-teman setiap harinya

play14:23

hati mampu mengekspresikan cairan empedu

play14:26

sebanyak 800-1000 ML cairan empedu

play14:32

mengandung air asam empedu garam empedu

play14:35

kolesterol fosfolipid atau lesitin zat

play14:39

warna empedu atau pigmen bilirubin dan

play14:42

biliverdin serta beberapa ion cairan

play14:45

empedu berguna untuk mencerna dan

play14:48

mengemulsikan lemak dalam usus

play14:50

mengaktifkan lipase mengubah zat yang

play14:53

tidak larut menjadi zat yang larut dalam

play14:55

air dan membentuk Urea dan amonia

play15:00

lah cara hati bekerja sebagai organ

play15:03

ekskresi dan alat ekskresi yang terakhir

play15:07

adalah paru-paru tubuh kita memiliki

play15:13

sepasang paru-paru yang terletak didalam

play15:16

rongga dada paru-paru terdiri dari

play15:19

trakea bronkus bronkiolus dan alveolus

play15:26

sebagai alat ekskresi paru-paru

play15:28

berfungsi mengeluarkan uap air atau h2o

play15:32

dan co2 CO2 dan H2O dari hasil

play15:36

metabolisme diangkut oleh darah ke

play15:38

paru-paru kemudian dibuang dengan cara

play15:41

difusi di alveolus lalu dikeluarkan

play15:45

melalui lubang hidung Oke teman-teman

play15:48

demikianlah cara kerja alat-alat

play15:50

ekskresi dalam tubuh kita bisa dipahami

play15:54

ya jika organ ekskresi tidak berjalan

play15:59

sebagaimana mestinya

play16:00

Nah maka akan terjadi gangguan dalam

play16:02

tubuh kita gangguan yang terjadi pada

play16:05

ginjal antara lain diabetes melitus

play16:08

diabetes insipidus albuminuria nefritis

play16:13

batu ginjal atau pengendapan kristal

play16:16

kalsium fosfat menjadi batu ginjal dan

play16:19

gangguan pada kulit dapat berupa

play16:21

munculnya jerawat kudis atau alergi

play16:25

karena bahan-bahan tertentu gangguan

play16:30

pada hati misalnya hepatitis radang atau

play16:34

pembengkakan hati oleh virus Steve OSIS

play16:37

atau guratan pada hati Wilson penyakit

play16:41

turunan karena tingginya kadar zat

play16:43

tembaga dalam tubuh sedangkan gangguan

play16:46

yang terjadi pada paru-paru dapat berupa

play16:48

asma atau penyempitan saluran pernapasan

play16:52

kanker paru-paru emfisema atau kerusakan

play16:56

alveolus dan TBC

play17:00

Hai Nah agar teman-teman semakin paham

play17:03

Mari kita selesaikan contoh soal berikut

play17:09

soal pertama meminta kita menyebutkan

play17:12

fungsi bagian ginjal yang ditunjukkan

play17:15

oleh huruf P bagian tersebut adalah

play17:19

pelvis renalis yang fungsinya menampung

play17:22

urine sementara sebelum dialirkan ke

play17:25

ureter jadi jawabannya adalah B soal

play17:32

kedua kita diminta menentukan bagian

play17:35

kulit yang berperan dalam menghasilkan

play17:37

zat ekspresi untuk menjawabnya kita

play17:40

perlu tahu bagian-bagian kulit yang

play17:43

ditunjukkan oleh gambar satu rambut dua

play17:47

pori-pori kulit tiga kelenjar keringat 4

play17:52

kelenjar minyak 5 syaraf zat ekskresi

play17:56

pada kulit adalah keringat yang

play17:58

dihasilkan oleh

play18:00

Banjar keringat kelenjar keringat

play18:02

ditunjukkan oleh nomor tiga jadi jawaban

play18:06

yang benar adalah C soal berikutnya

play18:11

menanyakan pernyataan yang bukan

play18:13

merupakan fungsi cairan empedu kita

play18:16

ingat lagi bahwa cairan empedu memiliki

play18:20

fungsi sebagai berikut mengaktifkan

play18:22

enzim lipase membentuk Urea dan amonia

play18:26

mencerna dan mengemulsi lemak dalam usus

play18:28

dan memberi warna pada urine dan feses

play18:32

jadi pernyataan yang tidak sesuai adalah

play18:35

J yang merupakan fungsi hati selanjutnya

play18:41

meminta kita menganalisis penyebab urine

play18:44

yang lebih banyak dikeluarkan saat cuaca

play18:46

dingin perlu kita tahu saat cuaca dingin

play18:50

pori-pori kulit kita akan menutup

play18:52

pembuluh darah menyempit sehingga

play18:54

tekanannya menjadi tinggi karena darah

play18:57

yang dibawa tetap dalam jumlah normal

play19:00

dan darah pun banyak masuk ke ginjal

play19:02

darah yang masuk tadi akan terus

play19:04

disaring oleh glomerulus sehingga

play19:07

dihasilkan urine secara terus-menerus

play19:09

pori-pori kulit yang menutup menyebabkan

play19:12

keringat tidak bisa keluar melalui kulit

play19:15

untuk menjaga agar cairan tubuh tetap

play19:17

seimbang zat sisa berupa urea garam dan

play19:21

air dikeluarkan lewat urin jadi jawaban

play19:25

yang benar adalah B soal terakhir

play19:30

meminta kita menentukan organ yang tidak

play19:33

berfungsi jika terjadi penumpukan

play19:35

glukosa dalam darah adanya glukosa dalam

play19:39

darah disebabkan oleh kerusakan fungsi

play19:41

penyaringan darah atau filtrasi pada

play19:44

glomerulus glomerulus ditunjukkan oleh

play19:48

nomor satu jadi jawaban yang benar

play19:50

adalah a Oke teman-teman jadi di video

play19:57

kali ini kita udah belajar 4 org

play20:00

ekspresi iaitu ginjal yang

play20:03

mengekspresikan urine kulit mengeluarkan

play20:06

keringat Hati menghasilkan cairan empedu

play20:09

sedangkan paru-paru mengeluarkan uap air

play20:12

dan karbondioksida sekarang teman-teman

play20:15

bisa lebih paham ya Nah sampai disini

play20:20

dulu pembahasan kita tentang sistem

play20:23

ekskresi manusia jangan lupa tonton

play20:26

terus video-video terbaru di channel

play20:28

kita ya sampai jumpa di video berikutnya

play20:33

[Musik]

play20:36

I Heart You

play20:42

Hi Ho

Rate This

5.0 / 5 (0 votes)

Related Tags
Human BodyExcretory SystemHealth EducationKidney FunctionSkin ExcretionLiver HealthLung FunctionMetabolismHomeostasisBodily Balance