Kerala SET General Paper | Psychology Previous year questions and answers

Summary

This video delves into key psychological theories, including Freud's psychosexual development, Piaget's stages of cognitive development, and Maslow's hierarchy of needs. It covers various intelligence types based on Gardner's model and explores concepts such as intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, scaffolding, and the learning curve. The transcript also includes questions about the role of language and culture in learning, Freudian personality theory, and development principles. The content is designed to engage learners interested in psychology and educational theories, providing an overview of essential concepts and theories in human development and intelligence.

Takeaways

• 😀 The Theory of Personality Dynamics explains the interplay between the conscious, pre-conscious, and unconscious minds, with the ego guided by the reality principle and the superego by conscience and wisdom.
• 😀 Sigmund Freud's stages of psychosexual development include the oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital stages, each representing critical periods in a child's development.
• 😀 Maslow's hierarchy of needs is a psychological theory that outlines a five-level pyramid of human needs, from basic physiological needs to self-actualization.
• 😀 Interpersonal intelligence is the ability to understand and interact effectively with others, and it can be assessed through social context interactions.
• 😀 Piaget's theory of cognitive development includes stages such as the sensory-motor stage, pre-operational stage, concrete operational stage, and formal operational stage, each linked to different cognitive abilities.
• 😀 The 'more knowledgeable other' (MKO) concept by Vygotsky highlights the importance of social interactions in learning and problem-solving through guidance and scaffolding.
• 😀 Development in children follows two main principles: cephalocaudal (head-to-foot) and proximodistal (center-to-periphery). This influences the order of physical and motor skill development.
• 😀 The molar approach in psychology is associated with humanistic psychology and focuses on understanding behavior in a holistic, integrated way, rather than just observable actions.
• 😀 Gardner's Theory of Multiple Intelligences proposes that individuals have different types of intelligences, such as logical-mathematical, visual-spatial, and interpersonal intelligence.
• 😀 Intrinsic motivation is driven by internal rewards and personal satisfaction, while extrinsic motivation is driven by external rewards or pressures, both influencing behavior and learning.

Q & A

What is the Theory of Personality Dynamics, and which components are involved?

The Theory of Personality Dynamics involves the conscious mind, pre-conscious mind, and unconscious mind. It is guided by the pleasure principle, which seeks to avoid pain and obtain pleasure. The ego follows the reality principle, which helps in decision-making, balancing conscience and wisdom.

What are the stages of psychosexual development according to Freud?

Freud's psychosexual development includes five stages: the oral stage (0-2 years), anal stage (2-3 years), phallic stage (3-5 years), latency stage (5-12 years), and genital stage (12+ years). These stages are believed to shape personality development.

Which psychologist proposed the hierarchy of human needs?

The hierarchy of human needs was proposed by Abraham Maslow. The stages include physiological needs, safety needs, belonging and love needs, esteem needs, and self-actualization.

According to Piaget, in which stage does reversible thinking emerge?

Reversible thinking emerges in Piaget's concrete operational stage, which typically occurs between the ages of 7 and 11 years.

What is the 'more knowledgeable other' (MKO) concept in education?

The 'more knowledgeable other' (MKO) is a concept introduced by Vygotsky, referring to someone with a higher level of understanding or expertise who can assist a learner in achieving tasks they cannot complete independently, facilitating scaffolding in the learning process.

What does the term 'scaffolding' mean in educational psychology?

Scaffolding refers to the instructional techniques used to support students in moving towards greater independence in their learning process. It involves providing temporary assistance, which is gradually removed as the learner becomes more capable.

What is the primary difference between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation?

Intrinsic motivation refers to behavior driven by internal rewards or personal satisfaction, while extrinsic motivation is driven by external rewards such as money, recognition, or other external factors.

What did Howard Gardner's theory of intelligence propose?

Howard Gardner proposed the Theory of Multiple Intelligences, suggesting that people possess different kinds of intelligences, such as logical-mathematical, linguistic, spatial, musical, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and naturalistic intelligence.

What is a learning curve and how does it relate to the process of learning?

A learning curve represents the rate of learning over time or through repeated experiences. It typically shows an initial period of slow progress followed by faster learning as mastery increases.

What is the highest learning stage in Gagné's learning hierarchy?

The highest learning stage in Gagné's hierarchy is problem-solving. This stage involves the application of previously learned concepts and skills to solve new and complex problems.