Fikih dan Sejarah Perkembangannya | Laili Masruroh |Fikih Kelas X (Part 1)

Summary

This video explains the concept of Fiqh, which is Islamic jurisprudence focused on understanding laws governing human actions in relation to God and society. Fiqh covers areas such as worship, social transactions, family laws, and public matters. It is based on sources like the Quran, Hadith, consensus (ijma'), and analogy (qiyas). The video highlights how Fiqh helps Muslims fulfill obligations, perform recommended actions, and avoid prohibited behaviors. It also discusses how scholars address contemporary issues through Ijtihad, ensuring that the principles of Fiqh remain relevant in modern life.

Takeaways

• 😀 Fiqh is an Islamic legal science that provides a deep understanding of how to live according to Islamic principles.
• 😀 The term 'fiqh' comes from the Arabic word 'fikshun,' which means a deep understanding of the law.
• 😀 Fiqh governs human actions based on Islamic laws, classifying them as wajib (obligatory), haram (forbidden), sunnah (recommended), makruh (discouraged), and mubah (neutral).
• 😀 There are four main categories of fiqh: worship (Ibadah), human interactions (Mu'amalat), family law, and criminal law.
• 😀 Ibadah includes actions like prayer (shalat), fasting (puasa), almsgiving (zakat), and pilgrimage (haji), each with specific rules in fiqh.
• 😀 Mu'amalat addresses human transactions like buying, selling, leasing, and contracts in accordance with Islamic principles.
• 😀 Family law in fiqh governs matters such as marriage, divorce, and inheritance, including the rights and responsibilities of family members.
• 😀 Criminal law in fiqh applies to societal issues like crimes (e.g., theft or murder) and their respective punishments, based on Islamic teachings.
• 😀 Fiqh also adapts to contemporary issues by ijtihad, where scholars apply reasoning to address new challenges while adhering to the Quran and Hadith.
• 😀 Learning fiqh helps Muslims fulfill their religious obligations (e.g., prayer), perform recommended actions (e.g., sunnah), and avoid prohibitions (e.g., haram).
• 😀 Fiqh is not just theoretical; it is practically applied every day in the lives of Muslims, guiding them in both spiritual and worldly matters.

Q & A

What does the term 'fiqh' mean in Islam?

Fiqh is an Arabic term meaning 'deep understanding.' In Islam, it refers to the body of knowledge that governs human actions based on the teachings of the Quran and Hadith.

How is fiqh different from other forms of knowledge?

Fiqh is specifically focused on the application of Islamic law to human actions. It governs various aspects of life, including worship, transactions, family matters, and public law, based on religious texts.

What are the five categories of actions in fiqh?

In fiqh, actions are classified into five categories: wajib (obligatory), sunnah (recommended), haram (prohibited), makruh (discouraged), and mubah (permissible).

Can you explain the concept of 'wajib' in fiqh?

'Wajib' refers to actions that are obligatory in Islam, such as performing the five daily prayers (salat) and fasting during the month of Ramadan. Failure to perform wajib actions is considered sinful.

What is the significance of 'sunnah' in fiqh?

The 'sunnah' refers to actions that are recommended but not obligatory. These acts bring rewards but are not punishable if omitted. Examples include voluntary prayers (nafl) and extra fasting.

What is the difference between 'haram' and 'makruh'?

'Haram' refers to actions that are prohibited in Islam, such as stealing or lying, and engaging in them is sinful. 'Makruh,' on the other hand, refers to actions that are discouraged but not sinful, such as wasting food.

How does fiqh relate to daily life?

Fiqh guides Muslims in their daily life by providing rules for worship, personal behavior, family law, and public interactions. It helps Muslims ensure that their actions align with Islamic principles.

What are the four main areas covered by fiqh?

Fiqh covers four main areas: 1) Relationship with Allah (worship practices), 2) Relationship with others (transactions), 3) Family law (marriage, divorce), and 4) Public law (criminal justice, governance).

What sources does fiqh rely on to form its rulings?

Fiqh relies on four main sources: the Quran, the Hadith (Prophet Muhammad's sayings and actions), ijma' (consensus of scholars), and qiyas (analogical reasoning).

How are contemporary issues in fiqh resolved?

When contemporary issues arise, scholars engage in ijtihad (independent reasoning) to derive legal rulings based on the Quran and Hadith, taking into account modern circumstances.