SEGUNDO REINADO do Brasil | Resumão

Summary

The video explores the end of the Brazilian Empire during the Second Reign (1840-1889), highlighting key events like the political tension between the Liberal and Conservative parties, the introduction of the controversial 'parliamentarism às avessas', and the country’s economy driven by coffee exports. It covers the gradual abolition of slavery through laws such as the Eusébio de Queirós Law and the Lei Áurea, as well as the impacts of the Paraguayan War. The video also delves into the conflicts between Emperor Dom Pedro II, the military, the church, and the rural elite, ultimately leading to the 1889 coup and the establishment of the Republic.

Takeaways

• 😀 The Second Reign of Brazil lasted from July 23, 1840, to November 15, 1889, under the rule of Dom Pedro II.
• 😀 Dom Pedro II assumed power after a political maneuver known as the 'Golpe da Maioridade', which accelerated his coming of age at 14 years old to end the regency government.
• 😀 Brazil’s political landscape during the Second Reign was dominated by two main political parties: the Liberals and the Conservatives.
• 😀 In 1847, Brazil implemented a unique form of parliamentary system, known as 'parliamentarismo às avessas', where the Emperor appointed the president of the Council.
• 😀 The Emperor had a 'moderating power' that allowed him to exert significant control over Brazilian politics, strengthening his position.
• 😀 Brazil’s economy during this period was heavily dependent on coffee exports, which led to the expansion of railroads, port cities like Santos and Rio de Janeiro, and the establishment of factories.
• 😀 The War of Paraguay, which was the largest armed conflict in South American history, occurred during the Second Reign and had significant political and social impacts.
• 😀 The abolition of slavery in Brazil was a gradual process, with laws like the Law of Ventre Livre, the Law of Sexagenarians, and the Lei Áurea paving the way for freedom for enslaved people.
• 😀 Brazilian landowners opposed the abolition of slavery because it threatened their economic interests, as they would lose their investment in enslaved labor.
• 😀 The end of the monarchy came with a military coup on November 15, 1889, led by Marechal Deodoro da Fonseca, who established the Republic without popular participation.

Q & A

What marked the beginning of the Second Brazilian Empire?

The Second Brazilian Empire began with the 'Golpe da Maioridade' (Coup of Majority) in 1840, when Dom Pedro II was declared of age at just 14 years old, ending the regency period.

What political system was implemented during the Second Brazilian Empire?

In 1847, Brazil implemented a system called 'parliamentarismo às avessas' (reverse parliamentarism), where the Emperor appointed the president of the council, unlike typical parliamentary systems.

What role did the Emperor play in the political system of the Second Brazilian Empire?

The Emperor held significant power through the 'poder moderador' (moderating power), allowing him to influence the political landscape and override decisions made by the government.

How did coffee exportation impact Brazil's economy during the Second Brazilian Empire?

Coffee exports became the backbone of Brazil's economy, leading to the expansion of railways, the growth of cities, and the prosperity of major ports like Santos and Rio de Janeiro.

What were some key laws aimed at abolishing slavery during the Second Brazilian Empire?

Key laws included the 'Lei Eusébio de Queiroz,' the 'Lei do Ventre Livre,' the 'Lei dos Sexagenários,' and ultimately the 'Lei Áurea' (Golden Law), which abolished slavery in Brazil.

Why did coffee planters oppose the abolition of slavery?

Coffee planters opposed abolition because they had invested heavily in enslaved people as labor, and the loss of enslaved workers would force them to pay wages, reducing their profits.

What was the 'Paraguayan War,' and how did it affect Brazil?

The Paraguayan War (1864-1870) was the deadliest conflict in South American history, involving Brazil. It drained resources and further strained Brazil's social and political systems.

What were the social and political tensions during Dom Pedro II's reign?

Dom Pedro II faced tensions with the Catholic Church, military, and rural elites, each group dissatisfied with various aspects of his rule, including his policies on the Church, military recognition, and abolition of slavery.

How did the abolition of slavery contribute to the fall of the Brazilian Empire?

The abolition of slavery alienated key groups such as the rural elite and led to growing unrest, which, combined with other political and military issues, contributed to the fall of the monarchy.

How did the Brazilian Republic come into existence?

The Brazilian Republic was established on November 15, 1889, after a military coup led by Marshal Deodoro da Fonseca, which ousted Dom Pedro II and ended the monarchy without popular participation.