(PART 2) KONFLIK TERNATE TIDORE

Summary

The transcript covers the early interactions between European powers and the spice islands of Maluku in the 16th century. It details the arrival of Alfonso de Albuquerque in the region, the rivalry between the Portuguese and Spanish, and the subsequent alliances with local kingdoms like Ternate and Tidore. The narrative also touches on the political intrigue, betrayals, and the battles that ensued, culminating in Portugal's defeat and eventual retreat to East Timor. Ternate's struggle for control and its shifting alliances provide a dramatic account of the complexities of colonial expansion and local resistance.

Takeaways

• 😀 Alfonso de Albuquerque and his crew arrived at the Strait of Malacca in 1511, marking the first European colonization in the region.
• 😀 The Spice Islands, located in the Maluku Islands, were the primary target, not the Strait of Malacca as commonly assumed.
• 😀 Ternate and Tidore, two competing Muslim kingdoms, both vied to be allies of the Portuguese to dominate the spice trade.
• 😀 Ternate offered Portugal two major benefits: the monopoly on spice trade and permission to build a fort on the island.
• 😀 Portugal's alliance with Ternate strengthened the kingdom's power, with the Portuguese acting as advisors to the sultans.
• 😀 The death of Ferdinand Magellan was announced, causing a shift in the power balance between Spain and Portugal in the region.
• 😀 The first war broke out between the two kingdoms of Ternate and Tidore, with both seeking support from European powers.
• 😀 The Pope's Treaty of Tordesillas, meant to prevent conflicts between Spain and Portugal, was ultimately ineffective, leading to further tensions.
• 😀 The Treaty of Zaragoza was signed to settle disputes, dividing spheres of influence: Spain could enter the Philippines, while Portugal controlled the Spice Islands.
• 😀 Following political intrigue and betrayal, Ternate eventually overcame the Portuguese, forcing them to retreat to Ambon and later to East Timor.

Q & A

What year did Alfonso de Albuquerque and his crew arrive at the Malacca Strait?

Alfonso de Albuquerque and his crew arrived at the Malacca Strait in 1511.

Why did the Portuguese decide to ally with Ternate rather than Tidore?

The Portuguese decided to ally with Ternate because Ternate's offer was more appealing, allowing them to monopolize the spice trade and establish a fort there.

What was the strategic importance of the Maluku Islands (Spice Islands) to European powers?

The Maluku Islands, known as the Spice Islands, were crucial for their rich spice resources, especially cloves, nutmeg, and mace, which were highly valued in Europe.

Why did Ternate and Tidore welcome the Portuguese in the first place?

Both Ternate and Tidore, as Muslim kingdoms, saw the arrival of the Portuguese as an opportunity to gain European allies in their competition for dominance over the spice trade.

What event led to the first war between Ternate and Tidore?

The first war between Ternate and Tidore occurred due to a betrayal when the missionary Saveryus violated a war agreement, leading to anger and a declaration of war from Ternate.

How did the Portuguese influence the local rulers of Ternate?

The Portuguese influenced the local rulers of Ternate by offering military and economic support, including the right to monopolize spice trade and build forts, ultimately gaining significant control over the region.

What led to the death of the Portuguese official in Ternate, and how did it affect relations?

The Portuguese official in Ternate was poisoned by local people, which was a direct consequence of Portugal's oppressive policies. This led to heightened tensions and eventually an alliance between Ternate and Tidore against the Portuguese.

What was the significance of the Treaty of Zaragoza in the context of the script?

The Treaty of Zaragoza, signed after conflicts between Spain and Portugal, divided the world between the two powers, allowing Spain to claim the Philippines and Portugal to control Maluku, which helped prevent further direct conflict between the two nations.

How did the alliance between Ternate and Tidore evolve throughout the conflicts?

Initially rivals, Ternate and Tidore formed an alliance against Portugal after shared grievances, culminating in a political marriage between Ternate's leader and the royal family of Tidore, reinforcing their military cooperation.

What eventually happened to the Portuguese in the Spice Islands after the prolonged conflict?

After years of conflict, the Portuguese were defeated by Ternate and Tidore. They were forced to retreat to Ambon, with many of their soldiers being expelled or killed, and their remaining forces withdrew from the region.