Akulturasi kebudayaan Hindu-Budha dengan Islam.

Summary

In this engaging video, Arai explores the concept of cultural acculturation in Indonesia, explaining how local traditions blended with foreign influences, particularly from Hindu-Buddhism and Islam. The video differentiates acculturation from assimilation, highlighting how cultures can merge while maintaining their original identities. Through examples like the transformation of temples, the evolution of shadow puppetry (wayang), and architectural influences in mosques, viewers are introduced to the historical and cultural changes that shaped modern Indonesia. Arai also touches on practices like tahlilan and Sekaten, showcasing the fusion of Hindu, Buddhist, and Islamic elements in Indonesian culture.

Takeaways

• 😀 Acculturation is the process of cultural interaction where two cultures blend without erasing the distinct characteristics of each.
• 😀 Acculturation differs from assimilation, where the local culture is entirely replaced by the new one, erasing original cultural traits.
• 😀 Internal factors like innovation, new discoveries, and revolutions contribute to acculturation, alongside external factors such as foreign influence.
• 😀 In Indonesia, acculturation is notably shaped by the arrival of Indian traders bringing Hindu-Buddhist culture and later the spread of Islam.
• 😀 Hindu-Buddhist culture influenced Indonesian architecture, such as the function and design of temples like Prambanan and Borobudur.
• 😀 The function of temples in Indonesia evolved from places of worship to also serving as royal tombs, blending local traditions with foreign influences.
• 😀 Wayang performances in Indonesia transitioned from being a medium for ancestral worship to adopting stories from the Mahabharata, showcasing Hindu influence.
• 😀 Islamic burial practices in Indonesia, such as gravestones in Gresik and Samudra Pasai, incorporated elements from Hindu-Buddhist traditions.
• 😀 Islamic mosques in Indonesia, such as Masjid Kudus and Masjid Agung Demak, show architectural acculturation, blending Islamic and local Hindu-Buddhist styles.
• 😀 The practice of *tahlilan*, or commemorating the dead, in Indonesia is an example of cultural acculturation, adopting Hindu funeral customs into Islamic rituals.
• 😀 The Sekaten festival in Java was introduced by the Wali Songo to spread Islam, blending Islamic practices with traditional Hindu cultural elements.

Q & A

What is the definition of acculturation as explained in the video?

Acculturation is the process of interaction between two cultures, where both cultures merge to form a new culture while still preserving the distinct characteristics of each original culture.

How does acculturation differ from assimilation?

Acculturation involves the blending of two cultures while maintaining the original cultural traits of each, whereas assimilation results in the complete replacement of the local culture by the incoming culture, with no traces of the original culture left.

What are the two factors that cause acculturation, as mentioned in the video?

The two factors that cause acculturation are internal factors, such as birth, death, innovations, and revolutions, and external factors, such as the arrival of foreign cultures or peoples.

Why does acculturation commonly occur in coastal societies?

Acculturation often happens in coastal societies because of trade routes that use the sea, which brought foreign traders and cultures into contact with local cultures, leading to cultural exchange.

What role did Hindu-Buddhist culture play in the development of Indonesian architecture?

Hindu-Buddhist culture influenced Indonesian architecture, particularly seen in the design and function of temples, such as Candi Prambanan and Borobudur, which not only served as places of worship but also, in some cases, as burial sites for local rulers.

How did the form of temples change after the arrival of Hindu-Buddhist culture in Indonesia?

The form of temples in Indonesia was influenced by local traditions, such as the use of tiered structures (punden berundak), which are seen in the foundations of many Indonesian temples.

What transformation did the wayang (puppet) theater undergo with the arrival of Hindu-Buddhism in Indonesia?

Originally a medium for ancestor worship, wayang theater evolved under Hindu-Buddhist influence into a form of performance art, adopting stories like the Mahabharata, making it a popular cultural tradition in Indonesia.

How did Islam influence the architectural design of mosques in Indonesia?

Islamic influence on Indonesian mosque architecture is seen in features such as the minaret and gate of Masjid Kudus, which are reminiscent of Hindu-Buddhist temple structures, blending local traditions with Islamic elements.

What is the significance of the Meru roof structure seen in the Masjid Agung Demak?

The Meru roof structure, which is found in Hindu temples, was adopted in the Masjid Agung Demak. It consists of layered roofs that symbolize the connection between local Hindu-Buddhist architecture and Islamic traditions.

What is the practice of tahlilan in Indonesia, and how did it originate?

Tahlilan is a practice in Indonesia where Muslims commemorate the death of a loved one by holding ceremonies on specific days after the death. This practice originated from Hindu traditions of death rituals and was later incorporated into Islamic culture in Indonesia.

How does the tradition of visiting graves or conducting ziarah relate to earlier animistic beliefs in Indonesia?

The tradition of visiting graves, known as ziarah, has its roots in animistic beliefs where the living would visit ancestral graves as a form of worship or respect. This practice was later adopted and modified by both Hindu-Buddhist and Islamic cultures in Indonesia.

What is the purpose of the Sekaten festival in Java, and what cultural influence does it have?

The Sekaten festival in Java, introduced by Sunan Bonang, was intended to attract people to Islam. It incorporates elements of Hindu rituals, such as performances and offerings, to make the transition to Islam more familiar and acceptable to the local population.