How Ukrainians salvage damaged weapons as they wait for aid I DW News

DW News
21 Apr 202416:15

Summary

TLDR由于援助减少,乌克兰军队不得不即兴应对,以保持前线部队的装备供应。DW的Nick Cony在乌克兰军事设施的独家报道中,展示了他们是如何通过将许多损坏的火炮部件组合成功能性火炮来应对的。报道指出,2023年年中西方武器供应开始减少,乌克兰工程师们通过所谓的“拆解”方法,利用不同来源的零件,包括一些商业挖掘机的部件,来修复和重建武器。乌克兰公司现在也在生产许多简单的部件,但他们仍需外部提供大型部件。美国立法者批准了一项价值近610亿美元的援助和军事支持乌克兰的法案,该法案因跨党派争论而被推迟数月。尽管共和党多数投票反对,但民主党与一些温和的共和党立法者联手推动了法案的通过。这项援助对于自去年以来一直在等待的乌克兰士兵来说是至关重要的,他们不得不节省弹药,使俄军能够对乌克兰城市发动更致命的导弹攻击。乌克兰总统对推动援助的美国立法者表示感激,并希望该法案能迅速提交给拜登总统。然而,即使这项巨额资金获得通过,乌克兰在美国支持下的未来仍不确定,这取决于美国的政治发展。

Takeaways

  • 📉 援助减少:由于西方的援助减少,乌克兰军队不得不依靠自给自足,通过修理和拼凑损坏的装备来维持前线部队的武器供应。
  • 🔧 创新修理:乌克兰工程师通过“拆解”(cannibalism)的方式,将多件损坏的火炮拼凑成一件可用的火炮。
  • 📉 武器供应下降:2023年中,西方的武器库存耗尽,新生产尚未跟上,导致武器供应减少。
  • 🧩 零件拼凑:工人们每天将不同的零件组合起来,包括新的、回收的和临时制作的零件。
  • 🤕 快速修复:尽管火炮受损,工程师们仍设法快速修复,有时同一门炮多次返回修理。
  • 🔄 替代解决方案:乌克兰采用了非标准解决方案,例如从商用挖掘机上拆下零件来修复火炮。
  • 🏭 国内生产:乌克兰公司开始生产许多简单的零件,减少了对美国制造零件的依赖。
  • ⏳ 时间紧迫:尽管乌克兰军队努力适应,但前线士兵急需弹药,俄罗斯利用乌克兰火力下降的机会推进。
  • 🇺🇸 美国支持:美国立法者批准了一项价值近610亿美元的援助和军事支持乌克兰的法案,该法案因党派纷争而被延迟数月。
  • 💰 资金用途:大部分资金将用于美国武器制造商和军事工业,以及美国军事在该地区的行动。
  • 🇷🇺 俄罗斯威胁:如果美国援助继续延迟,乌克兰担心最近的缓慢撤退可能很快就会变成全面撤退。

Q & A

  • 乌克兰前线部队目前面临的主要挑战是什么?

    -乌克兰前线部队面临的主要挑战是武器供应减少,导致他们不得不依靠修复损坏的装备和自制武器来维持战斗力。

  • 乌克兰工程师如何利用损坏的武器来维持前线的火力?

    -乌克兰工程师通过“器官移植”的方式,即从多门损坏的火炮中拼凑出一门功能正常的火炮,以此来维持前线的火力。

  • 美国对乌克兰的军事援助在2023年中期出现了什么变化?

    -在2023年中期,美国对乌克兰的军事援助出现了减少,最初的西方武器库存在一年的战争后几乎耗尽,而新的生产尚未跟上。

  • 乌克兰军事设施中的工人每天如何进行工作?

    -乌克兰军事设施中的工人每天需要将不同的零件组合起来,这些零件有新的、有修复的,也有临时凑合的,他们就像在拼图一样。

  • 乌克兰军队目前最需要的武器部件是什么?

    -乌克兰军队目前最需要的是他们自己无法制造的大型部件,如某些关键的机械部件和系统。

  • 美国国会批准的近610亿美元的援助和军事支持包涵了哪些内容?

    -这个援助和军事支持包涵了更多的武器、对乌克兰士兵的更多培训以及帮助美国补充自己的武器库存的资金。它还提供了对乌克兰援助的更大问责,并包括了一种贷款工具,以及确保俄罗斯资产支付部分账单的REPO法案。

  • 乌克兰总统对美国国会批准援助有何反应?

    -乌克兰总统对美国国会批准援助表示感激,并称这是一个拯救生命的决定,他感谢所有支持这个包裹的人,并希望这个包裹能在美国参议院得到考虑,并迅速提交到总统拜登的办公桌上。

  • 美国对乌克兰的援助延迟可能对乌克兰造成什么影响?

    -美国对乌克兰的援助延迟可能导致乌克兰前线部队的撤退变成溃败,俄罗斯可能利用乌克兰火力下降的机会推进战线。

  • 乌克兰军队目前最迫切需要的援助是什么?

    -乌克兰军队目前最迫切需要的援助是火炮弹药和防空系统,因为这些是当前极其缺乏的物资。

  • 美国提供给乌克兰的61亿美元援助对乌克兰的战斗有何意义?

    -这笔61亿美元的援助是自2022年以来乌克兰收到的首笔新资金,对于乌克兰来说是一个转折点,它将为乌克兰提供继续战斗所需的资源,包括弹药和燃料等,有助于平衡战场上的力量对比。

  • 乌克兰军队如何利用这笔61亿美元的援助来改善其防御能力?

    -乌克兰军队可以利用这笔援助购买更多的火炮弹药,改善防空系统,以及获取先前承诺的F-16战斗机等,这些都能提高乌克兰军队的战斗能力和空中优势。

Outlines

00:00

🔧 乌克兰军队的自给自足与创新

由于西方援助减少,乌克兰军队不得不自行创新以保持前线部队的装备。DW的Nick Cony在一个乌克兰军事设施中进行了独家报道,展示了他们如何利用废弃的M77火炮和其他西方军事技术。乌克兰工程师们采用了所谓的“拆解法”(cannibalism),即从多门损坏的大炮中拼凑出一门功能齐全的大炮。尽管西方的武器交付减少,但乌克兰工程师们通过拼凑不同部件,包括新的、回收的和临时制作的部件,来维持武器的运作。此外,乌克兰公司也开始自行生产一些简单的部件,减少了对美国制造部件的依赖。

05:00

💵 美国对乌克兰的巨额援助

美国立法者批准了一项价值近610亿美元的援助和军事支持乌克兰的法案,该法案因跨党派争论而被推迟了数月。民主党人与一些温和的共和党立法者联手推动了该法案的通过,尽管大多数共和党人投了反对票。这项援助包括为乌克兰士兵提供更多武器、更多训练,以及帮助美国补充自己的武器库存的资金。此外,该法案还包括提高对乌克兰援助的问责,并强制实施一种战略,要求俄罗斯资产支付部分费用。

10:01

🚀 美国援助对乌克兰战局的影响

尽管美国对乌克兰的援助金额巨大,但其中大部分资金实际上将用于美国的武器制造商和军事工业。批评者认为这笔资金可能会被视为对乌克兰的赠予,但实际上,这些武器需要在美国生产和购买。此外,该法案还扩大了总统使用其所谓的“提取权”(draw down Authority)的能力,这可能会在国会批准更多资金方面给予总统更多的灵活性。尽管如此,乌克兰总统对美国立法者推动援助法案表示感激,并希望该法案能尽快提交给拜登总统。

15:01

🛡️ 乌克兰的军事需求与盟友的支持

乌克兰军队警告称,俄罗斯的攻势迫在眉睫,他们需要盟友提供更多的支持来抵御俄罗斯对其领土的进攻。乌克兰军队目前迫切需要弹药和防空系统,因为俄罗斯在某些地区的炮火是乌克兰的10倍。随着F-16战斗机和额外供应的到来,乌克兰将能够更有效地进行空中作战。这些援助的结合将开始产生影响,乌克兰将能够停止俄罗斯的进攻,并有可能在战场上取得进展。

Mindmap

Keywords

💡援助

援助指的是国际社会对乌克兰提供的经济和军事支持。在视频中,美国国会批准了价值近610亿美元的援助和军事支持,这对乌克兰来说是一个巨大的支持,因为它包括了更多的武器、对乌克兰士兵的更多培训以及帮助美国补充自己的武器储备。

💡乌克兰军队

乌克兰军队是乌克兰的国家武装力量,负责国防和安全。视频中提到,由于西方武器供应减少,乌克兰军队的工程师不得不即兴发挥,通过将多件损坏的火炮组装成一件可用的火炮来应对武器短缺的问题。

💡火炮

火炮是一种大型的军事武器,用于战场上的远程打击。在视频中,火炮是从许多损坏的火炮中拼凑出来的,这体现了乌克兰在武器供应不足时的创新和适应能力。

💡前线

前线指的是战争中敌对双方军队对峙的区域。视频中提到,前线的战斗非常激烈,以至于修复的火炮经常在短时间内再次受损并送回修理厂。

💡美国国会

美国国会是美国的立法机构,负责制定法律和批准国家预算。视频中提到,美国国会批准了对乌克兰的巨额援助,这显示了美国对乌克兰冲突的关注和支持。

💡战争物资

战争物资指的是用于军事行动的各种物资,包括武器、弹药、燃料等。视频中提到,乌克兰士兵由于弹药短缺而被迫定量配给,这影响了他们对抗俄罗斯军队的能力。

💡俄罗斯

俄罗斯是乌克兰东部冲突的主要参与方之一。视频中提到,俄罗斯利用乌克兰火力下降的机会推进,这表明了俄罗斯在冲突中的军事行动和战略。

💡军事工程师

军事工程师是负责军事设施设计、建造和维护的专业人员。在视频中,乌克兰的军事工程师通过将损坏的火炮部件重新组合,创造出新的功能齐全的火炮,展示了他们在资源有限情况下的创新能力。

💡武器短缺

武器短缺指的是军事行动中武器和弹药的供应不足。视频中提到,由于西方武器交付减少,乌克兰军队面临武器短缺的问题,这迫使他们采取了即兴的解决方案。

💡政治斗争

政治斗争指的是不同政治派别之间的权力争夺和政策争议。视频中提到,美国国会对乌克兰援助的批准被推迟了数月,这是由于党派纷争和总统选举年的政治斗争。

💡心理战

心理战是战争的一部分,涉及影响敌对双方士兵和民众的心理状态。视频中提到,西方对乌克兰的支持不仅是物质上的,也是心理上的,它对俄罗斯和普京总统构成了打击。

Highlights

援助减少导致乌克兰人被迫即兴应变,以保持前线部队的装备供应。

乌克兰军事设施中,曾经是M77榴弹炮的废金属堆,是西方军事技术从前线回收的地方,用于证明它们已按预期使用,并进行回收利用。

西方武器供应减少,乌克兰陆军工程师不得不即兴发挥,通过将多门受损火炮的残余部分组合成一门功能齐全的火炮。

2023年中期,武器交付量下降,新的生产尚未跟上,前线的激烈战斗导致修复的火炮短时间内多次返回修理店。

乌克兰公司现在也在生产许多简单的备件,如螺丝和橡胶密封件,而大型部件则无法自行制造。

如果无法获得所需的大型部件,乌克兰将不得不利用现有废料拼凑出解决方案。

俄罗斯利用乌克兰火力下降的机会推进,如果美国援助再延迟,乌克兰担心近期的缓慢撤退可能很快就会变成溃败。

美国立法者批准了一项法案,提供近610亿美元的援助和军事支持给乌克兰,该法案因跨党派争论而被推迟了数月。

610亿美元的援助计划包括更多的武器、对乌克兰士兵的更多培训以及帮助美国补充自己的武器库存的资金。

该法案还提高了对乌克兰援助的问责,并包括一种贷款工具以及确保俄罗斯资产支付部分账单的REPO法案。

前线部队被迫配给弹药,俄罗斯军队能够对乌克兰城市发动更致命的导弹攻击。

乌克兰总统对推动停滞不前的援助前进的美国立法者表示感谢,并希望该法案能迅速提交给拜登总统。

大多数资金实际上是用于美国的武器制造商,这些武器必须在美国建造、生产和购买。

该法案还提高了总统使用其所谓的提取权的能力,这增加了他在没有国会支持的情况下为乌克兰提供资金的灵活性。

由于国内政治和总统选举年的影响,该法案在国会中被拖延了很长时间。

至少有100名共和党人投票反对该法案,这可能会影响乌克兰对美国支持的信心。

6100亿美元的援助是自2022年以来美国对乌克兰的援助总额,这将是一个前所未有的规模提升。

这些资源将开始迅速流动,乌克兰将能够停止配给,进行反击炮兵火力,这将对战场产生重大影响。

该法案为乌克兰提供了完成其任务所需的工具,这在战争中是一个巨大的象征性支持,并对俄罗斯和普京总统造成心理打击。

Transcripts

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as Aid has slowed to a trickle

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ukrainians have been forced to improvise

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to keep the Frontline troops applied

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DW's nickc Cony takes a look at how

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they're coping in this exclusive report

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from a Ukrainian military

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facility this heap of scrap was once an

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M77 artillery gun it's just a tiny part

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of the weapons graveyard at this

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Ukrainian military facility it's where

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Western military Tech comes from the

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front lines to prove to Western donors

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that it's been used as intended but more

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importantly to be

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salvaged our American counterparts just

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can't get their heads around it when

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they see what we do they don't have the

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words they wouldn't even think about

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sending this kind of stuff to scrap let

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alone repairing it we used to get guns

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sent to us that you could still

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recognize as artillery pieces that's not

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always the case anymore but it's not

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like we have a

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choice with Western Arms deliveries

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reduced to a trickle these Ukrainian

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Army engineers have had to

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improvise they call it cannibalism here

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making one functional artillery gun from

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what's left of many damaged ones the

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engineers here tell us they noticed a

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drop off in deliveries halfway through

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2023 even before the current funding

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delay back then initial Western Stock

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piles were exhausted after a year of War

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but new production had still not caught

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up workers here are essentially putting

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together puzzles of different parts

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every single day some new some s

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salvaged and some

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improvised they come in with shrapnel

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injuries but we managed to get them

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healthy again you could think you were

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speaking to a doctor but the fighting at

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the front lines is so intense that this

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man's patients are often back in the

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repair shop within

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weeks I've had situations where this

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same gun comes back to me with fresh

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damage Two Three or even four

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times this one's almost finished and

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it's ready to go back to the front

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lines but there's only so much that

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cannibalizing damaged equipment can do

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that's where unexpected Solutions come

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in this was stripped from a commercial

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Digger it's not an improved solution in

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the guns manual but it works Ukrainian

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firms are now also producing many of the

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simplest

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Bears we don't need American built

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screws and rubber

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seals we can do all that ourselves what

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we need are the big parts we can't make

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ourselves if we don't get them I guess

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we'll find a way we'll put something

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together out of the scraps we have but

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it's going to cost us

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time time that Ukrainian troops on the

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front lines don't have Russia is already

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taking advantage of Ukraine's declining

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Firepower to push forward if us Aid is

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held up any longer many here in Ukraine

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worry that the slow Retreat of recent

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months could could soon turn into a

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route us lawmakers have approved a bill

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providing almost $61 billion worth of

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Aid and Military Support to Ukraine the

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package had been delayed for months due

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to cross-party wrangling Democrats

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joined forces with some moderate

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Republican lawmakers to push the bill

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through though the majority of

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Republicans voted against

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it lawmakers cheered and waved Ukrainian

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Flags

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the house will be as the House of

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Representatives gave the green light for

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more Aid to

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Ukraine the nearly $61 billion Aid

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package includes funds for more weapons

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for keev more training for Ukrainian

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soldiers as well as more cash to help

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the US replenish its own weapon

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stockpiles it provides for greater

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accountability over Ukraine Aid it

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forces an in-game strategy for the

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Ukraine war

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it includes a loan instrument of this

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foreign aid to Ukraine and the repo act

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to ensure that Russian assets pay for

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part of the

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bill it's support that Ukrainian

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soldiers have been waiting for since

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last year

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troops fighting on the front line

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have been forced to ration

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ammunition allowing Russian forces to

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launch more deadly missile attacks on

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Ukrainian cities forcing residents into

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air raage

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shelters and destroying civilian

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infrastructure like power generation

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plants keev has been pleading for more

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air defense systems for months Ukraine's

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president expressed his gratitude to the

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US lawmakers involved in moving the

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stalled Aid

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forward I thank everyone who supported

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our package this is a life-saving

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decision I'm grateful personally to

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speaker Mike

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Johnson to All American Hearts who like

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us in the Ukraine feel that Russian evil

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definitely should not

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Prevail I hope that the package will be

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considered in the US Senate and

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submitted to President Biden's desk

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quickly

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enough the final vote to release the

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support for Ukraine should happen this

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coming

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week for more on this let's speak to

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DW's William glra hello William big

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relief from the Ukrainian president

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what's the money expected to be used

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for well most of it is for the US

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actually it's for weapons manufacturers

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in the weapons industry in the United

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States this is something that critics uh

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of this spending kind of were fast and

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loose with saying you know trying to

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frame it as some kind of gift to Ukraine

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or free money or money leaving the

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United States but remember most of these

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weapons are American weapons they have

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to be built produced and bought

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somewhere and that's in the United

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States so most of these billions going

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right back into the US economy uh into

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the US weapons uh sector and to the US

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military some of this money is for quote

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operations in the region for the US

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Military and something I found also very

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interesting uh in this bill is it raises

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uh to an unspecified amount uh the

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president's own ability to use his

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so-called draw down Authority now

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remember Congress officially has the

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constitutional right to control spending

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of US taxpayer money but over a long

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period of time the Executive Branch the

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president has gotten considerable will

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room and how much money he has to play

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with in his own coffers uh that's one

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way that Ukraine has been getting funded

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all this time even without Congressional

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support through this draw down uh uh

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funds within the defense department for

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example or the state department for

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example uh and that this bill raises the

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president's ability to do that so in the

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future if these problems come up where

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Congress is dragging its feet in

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approving more money the president might

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have more wiggle room uh to spend some

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of his own uh walking around money shall

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we say walking around money interesting

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way to put it what's also interesting is

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that this package for Ukraine has been

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on the table for months why has it taken

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so long for Congress to agree on a bill

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I mean to put it simply Petty politics

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and a presidential election year um this

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has been caught up in domestic politics

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and being held hostage by people on the

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far right of the Republican Party who

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are anti-interventionist in some cases

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pro-russian uh and do not want to see a

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support for Ukraine for a number of

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reasons e either because of fiscal

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priorities they think it's just too much

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money they don't want to spend it

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national debt reasons borrowing reasons

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or like I said they don't really support

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Ukraine they might be a bit friendlier

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to Russia and Donald Trump of course has

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been wishy-washy to say the least on

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support for Ukraine and he's running for

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president and wants to keep this as a

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campaign issue and has tied the funding

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to Ukraine among other foreign policy

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priorities for the United States like

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Israel like Taiwan uh to the Border

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issue to immigration which is another

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major uh campaign issue uh and that's

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why it got tanked at first Republicans

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didn't want to cross Donald Trump who

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they very very loyal to but even that

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when they had a migration deal on the

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table in Congress earlier in the winter

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even that failed because Donald Trump

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basically said no no no keep this front

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and center um that's basically why it's

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taken so long and Mike Johnson the

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Speaker of the House seem to have a

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change of heart going from just being a

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regular Congressional person in Congress

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to the leader of the House realizing the

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foreign policy priority uh for the

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United States and pushing this through

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finally right right what's also key to

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note is that at least 100 Republicans

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voted against the bill quite significant

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how worried should Ukraine be about

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America's commitment to its

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fight right so this latest round of

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funding which is the first new funding

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since 2022 and the first funding under a

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republican controlled Congress took at

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least six months to get through an

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entire winter Ukraine has gone through a

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fighting without additional weapons or

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Aid uncertainty from the United States

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biggest backer um with Republicans 112

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of them a majority of them voting

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against this still even after all of

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this uh bodess uh poorly for what be

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coming forward for Ukraine uh should

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Republicans hold on to Congress should

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Donald Trump win in November um so while

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there's a great amount of relief from

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zalinski as we heard that this huge

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tranch of funding has finally gone

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through and there will be fresh weapons

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and fresh support for Ukraine Ukraine is

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by no means Out of the Woods is by no

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means safe with American Support

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depending how political developments uh

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continue this year and into next year in

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the United States right DW's William

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glof thank you very much for the

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insights Mike Martin is a war studies

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senior fellow at kins College London

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hello Mike we heard her from my

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colleague William there what could

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Ukraine get with $61 billion worth of

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aid

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it's a it's a huge amount of money and

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it's actually worth saying that $61

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billion is more money than the total

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amount of American aid from January 2022

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to January 2024 so it it's an uplift of

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a scale that we haven't yet seen in this

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part of the war and a lot of that is

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going to be spent on things like

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artillery ammunition which is is hugely

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lacking at the moment and air defenses

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as well we've seen these terrible Air

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Raids over Ukrainian

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cities so that sounds like definitely

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good news how much of a difference

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though could this Aid make for Ukraine's

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fight against Russia as things stand

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there's not much development from their

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side is

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there yeah I I think uh you know the

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Phrase game changer is used so much in

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the Ukraine war and actually most of the

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time things aren't a GameChanger but

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actually this is a bit of a turning

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point there's three things really that

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you need to fight a war you need the

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will to fight and Ukraine's Got that you

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need the Manpower and recently they just

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changed their mobilization laws to

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increase their ability to to conscript

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people and and build a bigger Army and

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now you see the third thing that you

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need which is resources and those

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resources are going to start to to flow

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pretty quickly some of them are

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pre-positioned already um and as you

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heard some of it is for US military

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operations in the region and so it

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should start to make a difference in the

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coming days and weeks obviously once

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it's got Senate and presidential

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approval I mean as you see Ukrainian

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soldiers have run so low on Munitions

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that it begs the question really because

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you seem to suggest that this Aid could

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actually be the aid to make the

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difference so is it really enough to at

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least balance things out for Ukraine and

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even maybe take the lead against Russia

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in this

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War I think Take the Lead is is perhaps

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going a bit far and of course we really

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need to look forward to what happens in

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the US presidential election but I think

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I think we need to make no bones about

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this this is a seismic shift in the

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funding and the resourcing of a war and

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when a war you know we if you look at

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Wars that drag on for say two three four

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five years look at the world wars for

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instance that in the end they all become

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about economic might how much can you

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supply your troops with things like

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ammunition and Fuel and all that kind of

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stuff and what this bill does is it

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really sets the scene for Ukraine to

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have the tools that it needs uh to

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finish the

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job the Ukrainian Army is warning IR

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Russian offensive is looming what more

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does it need from its allies to push

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back Russia's Advance on its territory

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so we've already spoken about uh

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artillery ammunition and if you look at

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the amount of artillery fired by the two

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sides the Russians are sort of

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outshooting the ukrainians 10 to one in

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some areas so that's hugely important

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because the ukrainians almost

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immediately they can stop rationing

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because they know that there's more

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supplies coming and they can start to do

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counter battery fire so that's very

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important we also have and your

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listeners your viewers might remember

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um about eight months ago it was agreed

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that f-16s were going to be given to

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Ukraine and these as well we've seen

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over the over recent weeks and months

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that Russian air dominance has increased

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because Ukraine hasn't been able to fly

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as many sorties through lack of money so

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with those f-16s and with these these

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extra supplies we'll start to see more

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of an even match in the air so all of

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these things combined will start to make

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a difference and Ukraine certainly will

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be able to uh you know there's been a

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bit of backsliding in the Ukrainian

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positions recently because of lack of

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supplies certainly they'll be able to

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Halt uh the Russian uh advances and I I

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wouldn't worry so much now about this

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about this Russian offensive that's been

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moted okay it's been a long period of

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frustration uh from uh president zinski

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because he's been you know seeking aid

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for quite a while we saw how long it

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took for the us to pass this bill how

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could such delays in the future affect

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its defense against

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Russia yeah and again we we come back to

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this key thing that's happening in in

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November which is the US presidential

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election um this this package here plus

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also European support right this this

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failure to pass American support until

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very recently has focused European mind

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so they've also been increasing their

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support but increased European support

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plus this American Support will get them

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beyond the US election um and I I think

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provided you know Biden wins that rather

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than Donald Trump I think the ukrainians

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are going to have a a smoother Supply

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Pipeline and that you know we've spoken

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about weapons and the effect that has on

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the battlefield this is a hugely

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symbolic thing as well because it it it

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reaffirms Western support for Ukraine

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and that strikes a psychological blow

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against Russia and against President

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Putin and PSY ology is all important in

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war right Mike Martin military expert in

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London thank you very much for your

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insights thank you

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