How Ukrainians salvage damaged weapons as they wait for aid I DW News
Summary
TLDR由于援助减少,乌克兰军队不得不即兴应对,以保持前线部队的装备供应。DW的Nick Cony在乌克兰军事设施的独家报道中,展示了他们是如何通过将许多损坏的火炮部件组合成功能性火炮来应对的。报道指出,2023年年中西方武器供应开始减少,乌克兰工程师们通过所谓的“拆解”方法,利用不同来源的零件,包括一些商业挖掘机的部件,来修复和重建武器。乌克兰公司现在也在生产许多简单的部件,但他们仍需外部提供大型部件。美国立法者批准了一项价值近610亿美元的援助和军事支持乌克兰的法案,该法案因跨党派争论而被推迟数月。尽管共和党多数投票反对,但民主党与一些温和的共和党立法者联手推动了法案的通过。这项援助对于自去年以来一直在等待的乌克兰士兵来说是至关重要的,他们不得不节省弹药,使俄军能够对乌克兰城市发动更致命的导弹攻击。乌克兰总统对推动援助的美国立法者表示感激,并希望该法案能迅速提交给拜登总统。然而,即使这项巨额资金获得通过,乌克兰在美国支持下的未来仍不确定,这取决于美国的政治发展。
Takeaways
- 📉 援助减少:由于西方的援助减少,乌克兰军队不得不依靠自给自足,通过修理和拼凑损坏的装备来维持前线部队的武器供应。
- 🔧 创新修理:乌克兰工程师通过“拆解”(cannibalism)的方式,将多件损坏的火炮拼凑成一件可用的火炮。
- 📉 武器供应下降:2023年中,西方的武器库存耗尽,新生产尚未跟上,导致武器供应减少。
- 🧩 零件拼凑:工人们每天将不同的零件组合起来,包括新的、回收的和临时制作的零件。
- 🤕 快速修复:尽管火炮受损,工程师们仍设法快速修复,有时同一门炮多次返回修理。
- 🔄 替代解决方案:乌克兰采用了非标准解决方案,例如从商用挖掘机上拆下零件来修复火炮。
- 🏭 国内生产:乌克兰公司开始生产许多简单的零件,减少了对美国制造零件的依赖。
- ⏳ 时间紧迫:尽管乌克兰军队努力适应,但前线士兵急需弹药,俄罗斯利用乌克兰火力下降的机会推进。
- 🇺🇸 美国支持:美国立法者批准了一项价值近610亿美元的援助和军事支持乌克兰的法案,该法案因党派纷争而被延迟数月。
- 💰 资金用途:大部分资金将用于美国武器制造商和军事工业,以及美国军事在该地区的行动。
- 🇷🇺 俄罗斯威胁:如果美国援助继续延迟,乌克兰担心最近的缓慢撤退可能很快就会变成全面撤退。
Q & A
乌克兰前线部队目前面临的主要挑战是什么?
-乌克兰前线部队面临的主要挑战是武器供应减少,导致他们不得不依靠修复损坏的装备和自制武器来维持战斗力。
乌克兰工程师如何利用损坏的武器来维持前线的火力?
-乌克兰工程师通过“器官移植”的方式,即从多门损坏的火炮中拼凑出一门功能正常的火炮,以此来维持前线的火力。
美国对乌克兰的军事援助在2023年中期出现了什么变化?
-在2023年中期,美国对乌克兰的军事援助出现了减少,最初的西方武器库存在一年的战争后几乎耗尽,而新的生产尚未跟上。
乌克兰军事设施中的工人每天如何进行工作?
-乌克兰军事设施中的工人每天需要将不同的零件组合起来,这些零件有新的、有修复的,也有临时凑合的,他们就像在拼图一样。
乌克兰军队目前最需要的武器部件是什么?
-乌克兰军队目前最需要的是他们自己无法制造的大型部件,如某些关键的机械部件和系统。
美国国会批准的近610亿美元的援助和军事支持包涵了哪些内容?
-这个援助和军事支持包涵了更多的武器、对乌克兰士兵的更多培训以及帮助美国补充自己的武器库存的资金。它还提供了对乌克兰援助的更大问责,并包括了一种贷款工具,以及确保俄罗斯资产支付部分账单的REPO法案。
乌克兰总统对美国国会批准援助有何反应?
-乌克兰总统对美国国会批准援助表示感激,并称这是一个拯救生命的决定,他感谢所有支持这个包裹的人,并希望这个包裹能在美国参议院得到考虑,并迅速提交到总统拜登的办公桌上。
美国对乌克兰的援助延迟可能对乌克兰造成什么影响?
-美国对乌克兰的援助延迟可能导致乌克兰前线部队的撤退变成溃败,俄罗斯可能利用乌克兰火力下降的机会推进战线。
乌克兰军队目前最迫切需要的援助是什么?
-乌克兰军队目前最迫切需要的援助是火炮弹药和防空系统,因为这些是当前极其缺乏的物资。
美国提供给乌克兰的61亿美元援助对乌克兰的战斗有何意义?
-这笔61亿美元的援助是自2022年以来乌克兰收到的首笔新资金,对于乌克兰来说是一个转折点,它将为乌克兰提供继续战斗所需的资源,包括弹药和燃料等,有助于平衡战场上的力量对比。
乌克兰军队如何利用这笔61亿美元的援助来改善其防御能力?
-乌克兰军队可以利用这笔援助购买更多的火炮弹药,改善防空系统,以及获取先前承诺的F-16战斗机等,这些都能提高乌克兰军队的战斗能力和空中优势。
Outlines
🔧 乌克兰军队的自给自足与创新
由于西方援助减少,乌克兰军队不得不自行创新以保持前线部队的装备。DW的Nick Cony在一个乌克兰军事设施中进行了独家报道,展示了他们如何利用废弃的M77火炮和其他西方军事技术。乌克兰工程师们采用了所谓的“拆解法”(cannibalism),即从多门损坏的大炮中拼凑出一门功能齐全的大炮。尽管西方的武器交付减少,但乌克兰工程师们通过拼凑不同部件,包括新的、回收的和临时制作的部件,来维持武器的运作。此外,乌克兰公司也开始自行生产一些简单的部件,减少了对美国制造部件的依赖。
💵 美国对乌克兰的巨额援助
美国立法者批准了一项价值近610亿美元的援助和军事支持乌克兰的法案,该法案因跨党派争论而被推迟了数月。民主党人与一些温和的共和党立法者联手推动了该法案的通过,尽管大多数共和党人投了反对票。这项援助包括为乌克兰士兵提供更多武器、更多训练,以及帮助美国补充自己的武器库存的资金。此外,该法案还包括提高对乌克兰援助的问责,并强制实施一种战略,要求俄罗斯资产支付部分费用。
🚀 美国援助对乌克兰战局的影响
尽管美国对乌克兰的援助金额巨大,但其中大部分资金实际上将用于美国的武器制造商和军事工业。批评者认为这笔资金可能会被视为对乌克兰的赠予,但实际上,这些武器需要在美国生产和购买。此外,该法案还扩大了总统使用其所谓的“提取权”(draw down Authority)的能力,这可能会在国会批准更多资金方面给予总统更多的灵活性。尽管如此,乌克兰总统对美国立法者推动援助法案表示感激,并希望该法案能尽快提交给拜登总统。
🛡️ 乌克兰的军事需求与盟友的支持
乌克兰军队警告称,俄罗斯的攻势迫在眉睫,他们需要盟友提供更多的支持来抵御俄罗斯对其领土的进攻。乌克兰军队目前迫切需要弹药和防空系统,因为俄罗斯在某些地区的炮火是乌克兰的10倍。随着F-16战斗机和额外供应的到来,乌克兰将能够更有效地进行空中作战。这些援助的结合将开始产生影响,乌克兰将能够停止俄罗斯的进攻,并有可能在战场上取得进展。
Mindmap
Keywords
💡援助
💡乌克兰军队
💡火炮
💡前线
💡美国国会
💡战争物资
💡俄罗斯
💡军事工程师
💡武器短缺
💡政治斗争
💡心理战
Highlights
援助减少导致乌克兰人被迫即兴应变,以保持前线部队的装备供应。
乌克兰军事设施中,曾经是M77榴弹炮的废金属堆,是西方军事技术从前线回收的地方,用于证明它们已按预期使用,并进行回收利用。
西方武器供应减少,乌克兰陆军工程师不得不即兴发挥,通过将多门受损火炮的残余部分组合成一门功能齐全的火炮。
2023年中期,武器交付量下降,新的生产尚未跟上,前线的激烈战斗导致修复的火炮短时间内多次返回修理店。
乌克兰公司现在也在生产许多简单的备件,如螺丝和橡胶密封件,而大型部件则无法自行制造。
如果无法获得所需的大型部件,乌克兰将不得不利用现有废料拼凑出解决方案。
俄罗斯利用乌克兰火力下降的机会推进,如果美国援助再延迟,乌克兰担心近期的缓慢撤退可能很快就会变成溃败。
美国立法者批准了一项法案,提供近610亿美元的援助和军事支持给乌克兰,该法案因跨党派争论而被推迟了数月。
610亿美元的援助计划包括更多的武器、对乌克兰士兵的更多培训以及帮助美国补充自己的武器库存的资金。
该法案还提高了对乌克兰援助的问责,并包括一种贷款工具以及确保俄罗斯资产支付部分账单的REPO法案。
前线部队被迫配给弹药,俄罗斯军队能够对乌克兰城市发动更致命的导弹攻击。
乌克兰总统对推动停滞不前的援助前进的美国立法者表示感谢,并希望该法案能迅速提交给拜登总统。
大多数资金实际上是用于美国的武器制造商,这些武器必须在美国建造、生产和购买。
该法案还提高了总统使用其所谓的提取权的能力,这增加了他在没有国会支持的情况下为乌克兰提供资金的灵活性。
由于国内政治和总统选举年的影响,该法案在国会中被拖延了很长时间。
至少有100名共和党人投票反对该法案,这可能会影响乌克兰对美国支持的信心。
6100亿美元的援助是自2022年以来美国对乌克兰的援助总额,这将是一个前所未有的规模提升。
这些资源将开始迅速流动,乌克兰将能够停止配给,进行反击炮兵火力,这将对战场产生重大影响。
该法案为乌克兰提供了完成其任务所需的工具,这在战争中是一个巨大的象征性支持,并对俄罗斯和普京总统造成心理打击。
Transcripts
as Aid has slowed to a trickle
ukrainians have been forced to improvise
to keep the Frontline troops applied
DW's nickc Cony takes a look at how
they're coping in this exclusive report
from a Ukrainian military
facility this heap of scrap was once an
M77 artillery gun it's just a tiny part
of the weapons graveyard at this
Ukrainian military facility it's where
Western military Tech comes from the
front lines to prove to Western donors
that it's been used as intended but more
importantly to be
salvaged our American counterparts just
can't get their heads around it when
they see what we do they don't have the
words they wouldn't even think about
sending this kind of stuff to scrap let
alone repairing it we used to get guns
sent to us that you could still
recognize as artillery pieces that's not
always the case anymore but it's not
like we have a
choice with Western Arms deliveries
reduced to a trickle these Ukrainian
Army engineers have had to
improvise they call it cannibalism here
making one functional artillery gun from
what's left of many damaged ones the
engineers here tell us they noticed a
drop off in deliveries halfway through
2023 even before the current funding
delay back then initial Western Stock
piles were exhausted after a year of War
but new production had still not caught
up workers here are essentially putting
together puzzles of different parts
every single day some new some s
salvaged and some
improvised they come in with shrapnel
injuries but we managed to get them
healthy again you could think you were
speaking to a doctor but the fighting at
the front lines is so intense that this
man's patients are often back in the
repair shop within
weeks I've had situations where this
same gun comes back to me with fresh
damage Two Three or even four
times this one's almost finished and
it's ready to go back to the front
lines but there's only so much that
cannibalizing damaged equipment can do
that's where unexpected Solutions come
in this was stripped from a commercial
Digger it's not an improved solution in
the guns manual but it works Ukrainian
firms are now also producing many of the
simplest
Bears we don't need American built
screws and rubber
seals we can do all that ourselves what
we need are the big parts we can't make
ourselves if we don't get them I guess
we'll find a way we'll put something
together out of the scraps we have but
it's going to cost us
time time that Ukrainian troops on the
front lines don't have Russia is already
taking advantage of Ukraine's declining
Firepower to push forward if us Aid is
held up any longer many here in Ukraine
worry that the slow Retreat of recent
months could could soon turn into a
route us lawmakers have approved a bill
providing almost $61 billion worth of
Aid and Military Support to Ukraine the
package had been delayed for months due
to cross-party wrangling Democrats
joined forces with some moderate
Republican lawmakers to push the bill
through though the majority of
Republicans voted against
it lawmakers cheered and waved Ukrainian
Flags
the house will be as the House of
Representatives gave the green light for
more Aid to
Ukraine the nearly $61 billion Aid
package includes funds for more weapons
for keev more training for Ukrainian
soldiers as well as more cash to help
the US replenish its own weapon
stockpiles it provides for greater
accountability over Ukraine Aid it
forces an in-game strategy for the
Ukraine war
it includes a loan instrument of this
foreign aid to Ukraine and the repo act
to ensure that Russian assets pay for
part of the
bill it's support that Ukrainian
soldiers have been waiting for since
last year
troops fighting on the front line
have been forced to ration
ammunition allowing Russian forces to
launch more deadly missile attacks on
Ukrainian cities forcing residents into
air raage
shelters and destroying civilian
infrastructure like power generation
plants keev has been pleading for more
air defense systems for months Ukraine's
president expressed his gratitude to the
US lawmakers involved in moving the
stalled Aid
forward I thank everyone who supported
our package this is a life-saving
decision I'm grateful personally to
speaker Mike
Johnson to All American Hearts who like
us in the Ukraine feel that Russian evil
definitely should not
Prevail I hope that the package will be
considered in the US Senate and
submitted to President Biden's desk
quickly
enough the final vote to release the
support for Ukraine should happen this
coming
week for more on this let's speak to
DW's William glra hello William big
relief from the Ukrainian president
what's the money expected to be used
for well most of it is for the US
actually it's for weapons manufacturers
in the weapons industry in the United
States this is something that critics uh
of this spending kind of were fast and
loose with saying you know trying to
frame it as some kind of gift to Ukraine
or free money or money leaving the
United States but remember most of these
weapons are American weapons they have
to be built produced and bought
somewhere and that's in the United
States so most of these billions going
right back into the US economy uh into
the US weapons uh sector and to the US
military some of this money is for quote
operations in the region for the US
Military and something I found also very
interesting uh in this bill is it raises
uh to an unspecified amount uh the
president's own ability to use his
so-called draw down Authority now
remember Congress officially has the
constitutional right to control spending
of US taxpayer money but over a long
period of time the Executive Branch the
president has gotten considerable will
room and how much money he has to play
with in his own coffers uh that's one
way that Ukraine has been getting funded
all this time even without Congressional
support through this draw down uh uh
funds within the defense department for
example or the state department for
example uh and that this bill raises the
president's ability to do that so in the
future if these problems come up where
Congress is dragging its feet in
approving more money the president might
have more wiggle room uh to spend some
of his own uh walking around money shall
we say walking around money interesting
way to put it what's also interesting is
that this package for Ukraine has been
on the table for months why has it taken
so long for Congress to agree on a bill
I mean to put it simply Petty politics
and a presidential election year um this
has been caught up in domestic politics
and being held hostage by people on the
far right of the Republican Party who
are anti-interventionist in some cases
pro-russian uh and do not want to see a
support for Ukraine for a number of
reasons e either because of fiscal
priorities they think it's just too much
money they don't want to spend it
national debt reasons borrowing reasons
or like I said they don't really support
Ukraine they might be a bit friendlier
to Russia and Donald Trump of course has
been wishy-washy to say the least on
support for Ukraine and he's running for
president and wants to keep this as a
campaign issue and has tied the funding
to Ukraine among other foreign policy
priorities for the United States like
Israel like Taiwan uh to the Border
issue to immigration which is another
major uh campaign issue uh and that's
why it got tanked at first Republicans
didn't want to cross Donald Trump who
they very very loyal to but even that
when they had a migration deal on the
table in Congress earlier in the winter
even that failed because Donald Trump
basically said no no no keep this front
and center um that's basically why it's
taken so long and Mike Johnson the
Speaker of the House seem to have a
change of heart going from just being a
regular Congressional person in Congress
to the leader of the House realizing the
foreign policy priority uh for the
United States and pushing this through
finally right right what's also key to
note is that at least 100 Republicans
voted against the bill quite significant
how worried should Ukraine be about
America's commitment to its
fight right so this latest round of
funding which is the first new funding
since 2022 and the first funding under a
republican controlled Congress took at
least six months to get through an
entire winter Ukraine has gone through a
fighting without additional weapons or
Aid uncertainty from the United States
biggest backer um with Republicans 112
of them a majority of them voting
against this still even after all of
this uh bodess uh poorly for what be
coming forward for Ukraine uh should
Republicans hold on to Congress should
Donald Trump win in November um so while
there's a great amount of relief from
zalinski as we heard that this huge
tranch of funding has finally gone
through and there will be fresh weapons
and fresh support for Ukraine Ukraine is
by no means Out of the Woods is by no
means safe with American Support
depending how political developments uh
continue this year and into next year in
the United States right DW's William
glof thank you very much for the
insights Mike Martin is a war studies
senior fellow at kins College London
hello Mike we heard her from my
colleague William there what could
Ukraine get with $61 billion worth of
aid
it's a it's a huge amount of money and
it's actually worth saying that $61
billion is more money than the total
amount of American aid from January 2022
to January 2024 so it it's an uplift of
a scale that we haven't yet seen in this
part of the war and a lot of that is
going to be spent on things like
artillery ammunition which is is hugely
lacking at the moment and air defenses
as well we've seen these terrible Air
Raids over Ukrainian
cities so that sounds like definitely
good news how much of a difference
though could this Aid make for Ukraine's
fight against Russia as things stand
there's not much development from their
side is
there yeah I I think uh you know the
Phrase game changer is used so much in
the Ukraine war and actually most of the
time things aren't a GameChanger but
actually this is a bit of a turning
point there's three things really that
you need to fight a war you need the
will to fight and Ukraine's Got that you
need the Manpower and recently they just
changed their mobilization laws to
increase their ability to to conscript
people and and build a bigger Army and
now you see the third thing that you
need which is resources and those
resources are going to start to to flow
pretty quickly some of them are
pre-positioned already um and as you
heard some of it is for US military
operations in the region and so it
should start to make a difference in the
coming days and weeks obviously once
it's got Senate and presidential
approval I mean as you see Ukrainian
soldiers have run so low on Munitions
that it begs the question really because
you seem to suggest that this Aid could
actually be the aid to make the
difference so is it really enough to at
least balance things out for Ukraine and
even maybe take the lead against Russia
in this
War I think Take the Lead is is perhaps
going a bit far and of course we really
need to look forward to what happens in
the US presidential election but I think
I think we need to make no bones about
this this is a seismic shift in the
funding and the resourcing of a war and
when a war you know we if you look at
Wars that drag on for say two three four
five years look at the world wars for
instance that in the end they all become
about economic might how much can you
supply your troops with things like
ammunition and Fuel and all that kind of
stuff and what this bill does is it
really sets the scene for Ukraine to
have the tools that it needs uh to
finish the
job the Ukrainian Army is warning IR
Russian offensive is looming what more
does it need from its allies to push
back Russia's Advance on its territory
so we've already spoken about uh
artillery ammunition and if you look at
the amount of artillery fired by the two
sides the Russians are sort of
outshooting the ukrainians 10 to one in
some areas so that's hugely important
because the ukrainians almost
immediately they can stop rationing
because they know that there's more
supplies coming and they can start to do
counter battery fire so that's very
important we also have and your
listeners your viewers might remember
um about eight months ago it was agreed
that f-16s were going to be given to
Ukraine and these as well we've seen
over the over recent weeks and months
that Russian air dominance has increased
because Ukraine hasn't been able to fly
as many sorties through lack of money so
with those f-16s and with these these
extra supplies we'll start to see more
of an even match in the air so all of
these things combined will start to make
a difference and Ukraine certainly will
be able to uh you know there's been a
bit of backsliding in the Ukrainian
positions recently because of lack of
supplies certainly they'll be able to
Halt uh the Russian uh advances and I I
wouldn't worry so much now about this
about this Russian offensive that's been
moted okay it's been a long period of
frustration uh from uh president zinski
because he's been you know seeking aid
for quite a while we saw how long it
took for the us to pass this bill how
could such delays in the future affect
its defense against
Russia yeah and again we we come back to
this key thing that's happening in in
November which is the US presidential
election um this this package here plus
also European support right this this
failure to pass American support until
very recently has focused European mind
so they've also been increasing their
support but increased European support
plus this American Support will get them
beyond the US election um and I I think
provided you know Biden wins that rather
than Donald Trump I think the ukrainians
are going to have a a smoother Supply
Pipeline and that you know we've spoken
about weapons and the effect that has on
the battlefield this is a hugely
symbolic thing as well because it it it
reaffirms Western support for Ukraine
and that strikes a psychological blow
against Russia and against President
Putin and PSY ology is all important in
war right Mike Martin military expert in
London thank you very much for your
insights thank you
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