Sejarah Provinsi Kalimantan Utara “Benuanta” | Tagar

Summary

This script provides a comprehensive overview of the history and development of Kalimantan Utara (North Kalimantan), from its origins as the Sultanate of Bulungan in the 16th century to its official recognition as Indonesia's 34th province in 2012. The region underwent various stages, including dominance by neighboring kingdoms, colonization by the Dutch, and occupation by the Japanese during World War II. Following Indonesia's independence, Kalimantan Utara gradually moved toward autonomy, culminating in the creation of the province in 2008. The script also highlights the region’s tourism potential, with diverse natural attractions like beaches, coral reefs, and waterfalls.

Takeaways

• 😀 Kalimantan Utara was originally part of the Bulungan Sultanate, which was established in the 16th century.
• 😀 The Sultanate of Bulungan became more organized in the 18th century when its leader received the official title of Sultan.
• 😀 Bulungan experienced multiple challenges, often opting for cooperation over conflict due to a lack of military strength.
• 😀 The Sultanate came under the influence of other kingdoms, including the Sultanates of Berau and Sulu, and later the Dutch.
• 😀 The Dutch colonized Bulungan in 1853, offering protection in exchange for loyalty and control over the region.
• 😀 During World War II, Japan occupied Kalimantan Utara but did not use forced labor in the region, unlike other parts of Indonesia.
• 😀 After Indonesia's independence in 1945, Kalimantan Utara became part of the Republic and agreed to join Indonesia through the 1949 Malinau Conference.
• 😀 In the 1950s, Kalimantan was divided into several provinces, and Kalimantan Utara was part of Kalimantan Timur.
• 😀 A movement for a separate Kalimantan Utara province grew due to feelings of neglect from the central government and other regions.
• 😀 Kalimantan Utara officially became the 34th province of Indonesia in 2012, with the law signed by President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono.
• 😀 Kalimantan Utara has diverse tourist destinations, including beaches, coral reefs, waterfalls, and unique cultural sites.

Q & A

What is the historical background of Kalimantan Utara?

Kalimantan Utara, originally part of the Kesultanan Bulungan, was founded in the 16th century. The region underwent systematic governance starting in the 18th century. Over time, it was influenced and ruled by different kingdoms, including the Sultanates of Berau and Sulu, before becoming a target of Dutch colonial expansion in the 19th century.

How did the Kesultanan Bulungan interact with other kingdoms?

The Kesultanan Bulungan often chose cooperation over military conflict. Due to a lack of a strong military, it was sometimes under the influence of stronger kingdoms like the Sultanate of Berau, the Kingdom of Sulu, and others, including during the Dutch colonial period.

What role did the Dutch play in the history of Kalimantan Utara?

The Dutch began to exert influence in Kalimantan Utara around 1850 and formally took control in 1853 after the Sulu Kingdom was unable to resist them. The Dutch promised protection to the Kesultanan Bulungan, providing military support against outside threats in exchange for dominion over the region.

What happened to Kalimantan Utara during the Japanese occupation?

During the Japanese occupation in World War II, Kalimantan Utara was strategically important. However, it did not suffer the same level of forced labor (romusha) as other regions in Indonesia. It is believed that there was an agreement where Japan could establish military bases in the region without resorting to violence, in exchange for natural resources.

When did Kalimantan Utara officially become a part of Indonesia?

After Indonesia gained independence in 1945, Kalimantan Utara joined the newly-formed Republic of Indonesia, with the region agreeing to become part of the national sovereignty through the Malinau Conference on August 7, 1949.

What significant change occurred in the governance of Kalimantan Utara in the 1950s?

In 1953, Kalimantan became an autonomous province in Indonesia through the Emergency Law No. 2 of 1953. Later, the province was divided into Kalimantan Barat, Kalimantan Timur, and Kalimantan Selatan. Kalimantan Utara was part of East Kalimantan until it pursued autonomy.

Why did the people of Kalimantan Utara push for a separate province?

The people of Kalimantan Utara felt left behind in terms of development and governance compared to other regions of Kalimantan. This led to growing calls for the formation of a separate province to address regional disparities and promote local development.

When did Kalimantan Utara officially become a province of Indonesia?

Kalimantan Utara officially became Indonesia's 34th province in 2012, following the signing of the law by President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono on November 16, 2012.

What are some of the major tourism attractions in Kalimantan Utara?

Kalimantan Utara boasts a variety of tourist destinations, including beautiful beaches, coral reefs, waterfalls like the Minusan waterfall, and the Sebatik Island, making it an attractive spot for nature lovers and adventure seekers.

What was the role of the Malinau Conference in Kalimantan Utara's history?

The Malinau Conference, held in 1949, was a key event where local leaders agreed to join the newly-formed Republic of Indonesia. This conference helped solidify Kalimantan Utara's inclusion in the national framework of Indonesia after the country gained independence.