6 Langkah Melakukan Wawancara Mendalam dan 3 Langkah Menyusun Panduan Kualitatif

Summary

This video script outlines best practices for conducting qualitative research interviews and observations, focusing on structuring questions and tailoring them to different respondents. It emphasizes starting with warm-up questions to build trust, using probing questions for deeper insights, and strategically placing sensitive questions towards the end. The script also highlights the importance of observing key factors in programs, such as public health or inclusive education, and adapting the interview flow to encourage honest and comprehensive responses. A case study on tuberculosis treatment adherence illustrates the application of these methods in real-world research.

Takeaways

• 😀 Interviews should be structured with a clear distinction between types of respondents, such as leadership and staff, to gather diverse perspectives.
• 😀 Open-ended questions are essential for qualitative interviews, allowing respondents to express detailed and honest answers.
• 😀 Probing questions help uncover deeper insights by encouraging interviewees to elaborate on their initial responses.
• 😀 It's important to build trust with participants through warm-up questions before diving into sensitive topics.
• 😀 When creating an interview guide, questions should flow naturally, progressing from less sensitive to more sensitive topics.
• 😀 The language of the interview should be tailored to the respondent's level of understanding and comfort, making the process easier for them to engage with.
• 😀 Observation guides should be created by first identifying the research question and then focusing on the specific activities or behaviors to observe.
• 😀 The use of SMS reminders for medication adherence (like for tuberculosis patients) can improve medication compliance, but it's important to consider what content is most helpful in the reminder message.
• 😀 Ethical considerations should be prioritized, ensuring participant confidentiality and informed consent throughout the research process.
• 😀 Structured interviews must balance a rigid framework with the flexibility to adapt to the natural flow of conversation, allowing for deeper exploration of topics.

Q & A

What is the purpose of using in-depth interviews in qualitative research?

In-depth interviews are used to gather detailed, personal insights from respondents. They allow researchers to explore complex phenomena, uncover hidden motivations, and understand individual experiences in greater depth. These interviews are particularly useful when seeking a comprehensive understanding of specific topics, such as attitudes, behaviors, and perceptions.

How should the language and structure of interview questions be designed?

Interview questions should be open-ended and flexible, encouraging respondents to express their thoughts fully and freely. The language should be tailored to the respondent's level of understanding and comfort. Additionally, the structure should allow for natural conversation, starting with general, non-sensitive questions and gradually progressing to more sensitive topics.

Why is it important to differentiate between asking leaders and staff in research?

Leaders and staff may have different perspectives on decision-making and organizational processes. Questions for leaders should focus on high-level decisions and strategic viewpoints, while questions for staff should delve into day-to-day operations and personal experiences. This differentiation ensures that the research captures a comprehensive view of the situation from both top-down and bottom-up perspectives.

What role does 'probing' play in qualitative interviews?

Probing is a technique used to gather more detailed responses by asking follow-up questions. It encourages respondents to elaborate on their answers, providing deeper insights into their thoughts and feelings. Probing questions help clarify ambiguous answers and allow the researcher to explore issues that may not have been initially addressed.

What is the significance of the order in which interview questions are asked?

The order of interview questions is crucial for building rapport and ensuring that the conversation flows smoothly. Starting with general, non-sensitive questions helps ease the respondent into the interview, while more sensitive topics should be saved for later in the conversation, after trust has been established. This approach minimizes discomfort and allows for more honest and thoughtful responses.

How should researchers handle sensitive or personal questions during interviews?

Sensitive or personal questions should be approached with care, ensuring that respondents feel comfortable and respected. Researchers should explain the purpose of asking such questions and reassure respondents about confidentiality. It is important to build rapport first and ask these questions towards the end of the interview, when trust has been established.

What are the key components of an effective observation guide?

An effective observation guide should focus on specific behaviors, interactions, and conditions relevant to the research question. It should include a clear description of what needs to be observed, such as physical settings, social dynamics, or specific activities. The guide should allow for flexibility, enabling researchers to capture unexpected but important information.

Why is it important to consider the physical and social environment in observational research?

The physical and social environment can significantly influence behavior and interactions. In research, understanding these contexts allows the researcher to interpret observations more accurately. For example, physical barriers like inaccessible facilities may affect participation in certain activities, while the social atmosphere can shape interpersonal dynamics and responses.

What is the purpose of 'warming-up' questions at the beginning of an interview?

Warming-up questions are designed to build rapport and ease the respondent into the interview. These questions are typically simple and non-threatening, helping the respondent feel comfortable and setting a positive tone for the rest of the conversation. Warming-up questions also allow the researcher to gauge the participant's communication style and adjust accordingly.

How can researchers ensure that their questions are culturally appropriate?

Researchers should tailor their questions to fit the cultural context of the respondents. This involves understanding cultural norms, language, and values to avoid misinterpretation or discomfort. Additionally, questions should be phrased in a way that is respectful and appropriate to the respondent's background, ensuring that sensitive topics are addressed with tact and care.