Could China's Chang'e-6 moon mission have a military goal? | DW News

DW News
4 May 202411:44

Summary

TLDR中国最近发射了名为“嫦娥六号”的无人探测器,执行了一项前所未有的任务,目标是月球的远侧。探测器从海南岛南部发射升空,预计将在大约两个月后返回地球,并带回约2公斤的月球样本。这次发射是中国雄心勃勃的太空探索计划的最新进展,该计划现在与美国相媲美。2019年,中国成为第一个在月球远侧着陆探测器的国家,创造了历史。嫦娥六号旨在从月球远侧收集月岩材料并带回地球,这将涉及多个机器人模块协同工作。8米长的航天器将首先绕月飞行,然后部署着陆器到从未从地球上可见的区域,目标是月球南极的艾特肯盆地,这是太阳系中已知最大的撞击坑。使用机械钻和铲子,着陆器将收集2公斤的土壤和岩石。附着在着陆器上的上升器模块将返回月球轨道,并将样本转移到返回舱,如果一切顺利,它将安全地将货物带回地球。科学家们希望这些样本将揭示有关月球早期演化的新信息。月球远侧的地质情况与我们从地球上看到的一侧不同,它有更厚的地壳,表面岩石的化学成分也不同。嫦娥六号还搭载了欧洲制造的仪器,包括来自瑞典的光谱仪,将研究太阳风与月球表面之间的相互作用。当太阳风扫过月球时,它们会产生可能危及宇航员和设备电荷。这种效应在极地区域的撞击坑边缘最为显著。这次研究之旅将为中国计划在2030年实现的首次载人登月铺平道路。美国和中国都希望在月球南极建立基地。萨娜·贝纳克是约翰霍普金斯大学专门研究太空安全的助理教授,她从华盛顿加入了我们的讨论。

Takeaways

  • 🚀 中国发射了嫦娥六号探测器,目的是从月球背面采集样本并返回地球,这是中国雄心勃勃的太空探索计划的最新进展。
  • 🌕 嫦娥六号任务将涉及多个机器人模块协同工作,包括一个8米长的航天器,它将首先绕月飞行,然后部署着陆器到月球背面。
  • 📍 着陆器将瞄准月球南极的南极-Aitken盆地,这是太阳系中已知最大的撞击坑,使用机械钻和铲子收集约2公斤的土壤和岩石样本。
  • 🔬 科学家希望这些样本能够揭示月球早期演化的新信息,因为月球背面的地质情况与我们在地球上看到的月球正面不同。
  • 🧪 嫦娥六号还携带了欧洲制造的仪器,包括一个瑞典的质谱仪,用于研究太阳风与月球表面的相互作用。
  • 🏆 中国在2019年成为第一个在月球背面着陆探测器的国家,现在与美国的太空探索计划相媲美。
  • ⏳ 嫦娥六号预计在大约两个月后返回地球,如果一切顺利,它将把样本安全带回。
  • 🛰️ 这次研究之旅将为中国在2030年前实现首次载人登月铺平道路,美国和中国都希望在月球南极建立基地。
  • 📉 尽管目前存在太空竞赛的说法,但月球本身并非终点,而是作为未来太空探索任务的垫脚石。
  • 🚧 根据国际空间法,所有国家在探索和使用外层空间,包括月球时,应遵循合作和相互援助的原则。
  • 🏅 尽管存在关于月球资源开采和使用的规则讨论,但目前尚未有明确的国际规则来规定谁可以拥有从月球带回的资源。
  • ❓ 关于月球资源的所有权和开采权利,目前仍在联合国讨论中,尚未有明确的国际规则。

Q & A

  • 中国的嫦娥六号探月任务的主要目标是什么?

    -嫦娥六号的主要目标是收集月球背面的岩石和土壤样本,并将其带回地球。这将有助于科学家们了解月球的早期演化,因为月球背面的地质特征与我们从地球上看到的月球正面有所不同。

  • 嫦娥六号任务的复杂性体现在哪些方面?

    -嫦娥六号任务的复杂性体现在它涉及多个机器人模块协同工作,包括轨道器、着陆器、上升器和返回舱。着陆器将首先在月球背面的南极艾特肯盆地着陆,使用机械钻和铲子收集样本,然后上升器将样本送回轨道器,最终由返回舱将样本安全带回地球。

  • 为什么月球背面的样本对科学家来说很有价值?

    -月球背面的样本对科学家来说很有价值,因为它们可能揭示了有关月球早期演化的新信息。月球背面的地质结构与月球正面不同,它拥有更厚的地壳,表面的岩石化学成分也不同,这些差异可能为研究月球的形成和历史提供重要线索。

  • 嫦娥六号上搭载的欧洲制造的仪器有哪些用途?

    -嫦娥六号上搭载的瑞典制造的质谱仪将用于研究太阳风与月球表面之间的相互作用。太阳风在月球表面产生的电荷可能会对宇航员和设备构成危险,特别是在月球的极地区域和撞击坑边缘。

  • 中国计划何时实现首次载人登月?

    -中国计划在2030年前实现首次载人登月。

  • 为什么各国都在加速进行月球探测活动?

    -各国加速进行月球探测活动的原因包括支持和增强国内服务、基础设施发展、安全,以及提升国际声望和民族自豪感。此外,月球探测也是未来太空探索任务的垫脚石。

  • 目前是否存在将月球军事化的国际趋势?

    -虽然太空军事化自太空时代开始以来就一直存在,但目前所有宣布的月球探测任务都是以科学探索为目的,旨在学习和准备未来人类在月球和更远太空的定居。根据国际空间法,使用太空进行进攻性目的是被禁止的。

  • 如果中国在月球上建立基地,是否意味着它可以宣称月球为其领土?

    -根据国际空间法,任何国家都不能对太空中的任何物体进行国家占有。即使中国决定违反国际空间法,这样做也会加剧其在国际社会中的地位风险,并且实际上在太空中单独实现任何目标都是非常困难的。

  • 月球上发现的资源归谁所有,有相关的国际规则吗?

    -月球上发现的资源的所有权和使用规则目前仍在联合国等国际层面上进行探讨和定义。目前,已有的月球样本返回任务,如中国的嫦娥五号和美国的阿波罗任务,已经展示了我们可以从月球带回样本,但具体的资源提取和使用规则仍在讨论之中。

  • 哪个国家或实体最接近在月球上建立基地?

    -根据目前的宣布,美国国家航空航天局(NASA)的阿尔忒弥斯三号任务计划在2022年使用SpaceX的星舰进行首次月球着陆任务。中国也计划在2026年至2030年间实现月球着陆。因此,目前来看,美国和中国的计划都处于领先地位。

  • 除了国家,是否有私人企业参与月球探测和未来的月球基地建设?

    -是的,除了国家主导的探测任务,私人企业如杰夫·贝索斯的蓝色起源公司也在参与月球探测和未来的月球基地建设。这表明未来的月球探测和开发将越来越多元化,涉及国家和私营部门。

  • 月球探测和未来的月球基地建设对地球上的普通人有何影响?

    -月球探测和基地建设不仅能够推动科学和技术的发展,还可能对地球上的普通人产生积极影响。例如,通过月球探测获得的知识和技术可以应用于地球上的通信、导航、遥感等领域,提高人们的生活质量。此外,月球基地的建设也可能为未来的太空旅游和资源开发铺平道路。

Outlines

00:00

🚀 中国探月新任务:嫦娥六号

中国启动了一项前所未有的探月任务,即嫦娥六号,这是一次无人探月任务。嫦娥六号探测器从海南省南部岛屿发射升空,预计在大约两个月后返回地球,并带回约2公斤的月球样本。这次发射是中国雄心勃勃的太空探索计划的最新进展,该计划现在与美国的空间探索计划相媲美。中国在2019年创造了历史,成为第一个在月球背面着陆的探测器的国家。嫦娥六号旨在从月球背面收集岩石和尘土样本,并将其带回地球。这是一个复杂的任务,涉及多个机器人模块的协同工作。8米长的航天器首先将绕月飞行,然后部署着陆器到地球上永远不可见的一侧,目标是月球南极的南极-Aitken盆地,这是太阳系中已知最大的撞击坑。使用机械钻和铲子,着陆器将收集2公斤的土壤和岩石。附着在着陆器上的上升器模块将把样本送回月球轨道,并转移至返回舱。如果一切顺利,它将安全地将货物带回地球。科学家们希望这些样本能够揭示有关月球早期演化的新信息。月球背面在地质上与我们在地球上看到的一侧不同,它有更厚的地壳,表面岩石的化学成分也不同。嫦娥六号还搭载了欧洲制造的仪器,包括瑞典的光谱仪,将研究太阳风与月球表面的相互作用。当太阳风扫过月球时,它们会产生可以危及宇航员和设备电荷。这种效应在极地地区的撞击坑边缘最为显著。这次研究之旅将为中国计划在2030年实现的首次载人登月铺平道路。美国和中国都希望在月球南极建立基地。

05:01

🌟 空间探索的国际竞争与合作

过去几年,中国、美国和印度都在月球上进行了着陆,这背后的加速行动引发了关于太空竞赛的讨论。空间能力通常支持和增强了国内的服务、基础设施发展和安全,同时也增加了国家的国际声望和民族自豪感。尽管目前似乎存在一种竞争态势,因为各国都试图在同一时间框架内到达月球南极,但月球本身并不是最终目标,而是作为未来太空任务和探索的垫脚石。尽管如此,有关太空军事化的讨论从未停止,自太空时代之初就开始了。国际空间法禁止在天体上建立军事基地、军事设施、进行任何类型的武器测试和军事演习。然而,使用军事人员进行科学研究和其他目的是被允许的。尽管存在国际规则,但有关月球资源的所有权和开发规则仍在讨论之中。目前,所有宣布的任务都是科学性的,旨在探索、学习和为最终的人类定居做准备。

10:03

🏆 月球基地竞赛:谁将率先登陆?

关于哪个国家或实体最接近在月球上建立基地的问题,目前有几个关键的太空探索计划正在进行中。美国的阿尔忒弥斯3号计划预计将在2022年使用SpaceX的星舰进行首次载人登月任务。中国及其合作伙伴计划在2026年至2030年间实现载人登月。其他国家,包括印度、以色列和日本,也成功或尝试在月球上着陆。此外,私营企业如贝索斯的蓝色起源也在积极参与太空探索。随着越来越多的国家和公司参与到月球探索中,月球上的空间将变得越来越拥挤。

Mindmap

Keywords

💡月球探测

月球探测是指对月球进行的科学探索活动。在视频中,中国的嫦娥六号(Chang R6)探测器是这一概念的体现,它旨在从月球背面采集样本并返回地球。这是中国雄心勃勃的太空探索计划的一部分,与美国的太空探索计划相媲美。

💡月球样本

月球样本指的是从月球表面采集的土壤、岩石等物质。视频中提到,嫦娥六号探测器预计将带回约2公斤的月球样本,这对于科学家研究月球的早期演化和地质结构具有重要意义。

💡月球背面

月球背面指的是月球永远不朝向地球的一面。视频中提到,嫦娥六号探测器将着陆在月球背面的南极-艾特肯盆地,这是太阳系中已知最大的撞击坑,其地质特征与我们从地球可见的月球正面有所不同。

💡机械钻和铲斗

机械钻和铲斗是用于采集月球样本的设备。在视频中,嫦娥六号的着陆器将使用机械钻和铲斗来收集月球土壤和岩石样本,这是完成探测任务的关键工具。

💡上升器模块

上升器模块是探测器的一个组成部分,用于将月球样本从月球表面带回太空。视频中提到,上升器模块将从着陆器采集的样本转移到返回舱,以确保样本安全返回地球。

💡国际合作

国际合作指的是不同国家或组织之间为了共同的目标而进行的合作。视频中提到,中国的探月任务并非独自进行,而是与其他国家和非政府实体合作,这体现了国际合作在太空探索中的重要性。

💡太空法

太空法是一套国际法律规范,用于指导国家和个人在太空的活动。视频中提到,根据外层空间条约,禁止在太空中建立军事基地或进行军事演习,这强调了太空探索应遵循和平利用的原则。

💡月球基地

月球基地是指在月球上建立的用于科研、探索或居住的设施。视频中提到,美国和中国都有计划在月球南极建立基地,这标志着人类对月球的探索进入了新的阶段。

💡太空竞赛

太空竞赛通常指不同国家在太空探索领域的竞争。视频中提到,尽管有人认为当前的月球探测活动类似于一场竞赛,但实际上,月球探索更多是作为未来太空探索任务的一个跳板。

💡月球资源

月球资源指的是月球上可供开采和使用的自然资源。视频中提到,目前联合国正在讨论关于月球资源开采和使用的规则,这是一个新兴的法律和伦理议题。

💡月球岩石的化学成分

月球岩石的化学成分指的是构成月球岩石的各种元素和化合物。视频中指出,月球背面的岩石与地球可见的月球正面在化学成分上存在差异,这对于了解月球的形成和演化历史至关重要。

Highlights

中国发射了前所未有的任务,无人探测器嫦娥6号从海南岛南部发射升空,预计将在大约2个月后带回约2公斤的月球样本。

这次发射是中国雄心勃勃的太空探索计划的最新进展,该计划现在与美国相媲美。

2019年,中国成为第一个在月球背面着陆探测器的国家,创造了历史。

嫦娥6号的目标是从月球背面收集物质并带回地球,这是一个涉及多个机器人模块协同工作的复杂任务。

8米长的航天器将首先绕月飞行,然后部署着陆器到地球上永远看不见的月球南极艾特肯盆地。

着陆器将使用机械钻和铲子收集2公斤的土壤和岩石。

附着在着陆器上的上升器模块将把样本送回月球轨道,并转移至返回舱。

科学家希望样本能揭示有关月球早期演化的新信息,月球背面的地质情况与我们在地球上看到的一侧不同。

嫦娥6号还搭载了欧洲制造的仪器,瑞典的光谱仪将研究太阳风与月球表面的相互作用。

太阳风扫过月球时会产生电荷,可能危及宇航员和设备。

这次研究之旅将为中国计划在2030年前实现的首次载人登月铺平道路。

美国和中国都希望在月球南极建立基地。

空间能力支持和增强了国内的服务、基础设施发展和安全,同时也增加了国际声望和民族自豪感。

目前,许多国家都在月球上进行了着陆,包括中国、美国和印度,这似乎已经形成了一种加速的月球行动。

尽管有人将目前的情况描述为一场竞赛,但月球本身并不是终点,而是未来太空探索任务的一个跳板。

根据国际空间法,所有国家在探索和使用外层空间,包括月球时,都应遵循合作和相互援助的原则。

尽管国际法禁止任何国家对太空中的任何事物进行国家占有,但中国不能仅仅因为想要就声称拥有某物。

联合国正在探讨和讨论有关开采和使用月球资源的规则。

目前,包括中国在内的国家已经从月球带回了样本,但关于月球资源的规则仍在国际层面上定义和讨论中。

基于各种实体目前的说法,埃米斯3计划是第一个计划在2022年9月26日登陆月球的任务。

中国计划在2026年至2030年之间登陆月球,并希望在2030年前实现载人登月。

Transcripts

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now China has launched an unprecedented

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mission to The Far Side of the

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Moon the unmanned Chang R6 a probe

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lifted off from the southern iseland

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province of hinan it's expected to

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return in around 2 months with around 2

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kilos of lunar samples the launch is the

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latest advancing China's ambitious space

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exploration program which now Rivals

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that of the United States China made

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history in 2019 when it became the first

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country to land a Rover on the moon's

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Far Side so here's more about beijing's

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latest moon

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mission chung6 aims to collect Luna

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material from The Far Side of the Moon

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and bring it back to Earth it's a

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complex mission that will involve

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several robotic modules working

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together the 8 m long spacecraft will

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first orbit the Moon and then deploy a

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Lander to the side that is never visible

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from

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Earth it will Target the South Pole 8kin

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Basin the largest known impact crater in

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the solar system using a mechanical

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drill and scoop the Lander will collect

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2 kilos of soil and

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[Music]

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rocks and Ascender module attached to

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the Lander Will Blast back into lunar

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orbit and transfer the samples to to the

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re-entry

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vehicle if all goes well it will carry

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the cargo safely back to

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[Music]

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earth scientists hope the sample will

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reveal new information about the moon's

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early

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Evolution its Far Side is geologically

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different from the one we see from Earth

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it has a thicker crust and its surface

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Rock has different chemical

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composition Chung earth6 also has

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instruments made in Europe on board a

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spectrometer from Sweden will

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investigate the interaction between

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solar winds and the lunar surface when

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solar winds sweep across the moon they

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create an electric charge that can

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endanger astronauts and Equipment the

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effect is most pronounced on the crater

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edges in the polar regions

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This research trip will pave the way for

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China's first crude moon landing which

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it hopes to achieve by

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[Music]

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2030 both the US and China want to

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establish bases at the Moon South

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Pole Sana benak is an assistant

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professor specializing in space security

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at Johns Hopkins University she joins us

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from Washington welcome to D W the last

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couple of years has seen China and the

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US and India all landing on on the moon

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what do you think is behind this

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accelerated lunar

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action um thank you for having me and

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for inviting me um to your show uh well

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uh space in general space capabilities

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support and enhance Services

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infrastructures development security

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back at home and at the same time they

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add to uh those countries International

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Prestige and a sense of national pride

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uh domestically uh they also help

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development back home um so I think

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there's several drivers behind those

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recent um events in space it does seem

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to have accelerated though over these

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last few years it seems to have sort of

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reached a

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race yes uh many would uh many have

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described uh what is happening currently

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as a race um and one could potentially

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see that as a race because we are all

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trying to get to the same place uh the

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South Pole of the Moon around the same

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time frame uh and uh various countries

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developing um capabilities to that end

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um however the moon in itself is not an

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end point per se as perhaps we'll have

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more time to discuss it is just a

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stepping stone toward future missions

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toward future exploration of space uh so

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it is very very difficult to describe it

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as a race if there's no end inide right

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now you you mentioned in in the the list

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of reasons why countries might be going

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up there at Science and Technology but

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buried within that was the the military

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uh aspect should we presume that there

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are militaries around the world looking

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at how they can actually use the

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moon absolutely actually the

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militarization of space has been with us

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since the dawn of the Space Age the

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1950s uh the militarization of space is

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simply using space to support uh

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military missions back on Earth uh what

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we should be worried about is actually

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the weaponization of space using space

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for offensive purposes uh now I I must

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say that all the missions that have been

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announced that have been conducted so

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far including um those to the Moon uh so

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all those missions uh are and have been

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announced the scientific missions with a

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goal to explore to learn and to prepare

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for eventual human settle on the moon

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and Beyond in fact the outer space

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treaty ratified by all major space

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fairing countries actually specifically

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forbids the establishment of military

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bases of military installations of any

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sort of military

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fortifications as well as the testing of

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any types of weapons and the conduct of

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military Maneuvers on celestial bodies

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including the moon so um so the

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offensive side of that the offensive use

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of space is forbidden in intern space

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law however the use of military

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personnel for scientific research and

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for any other purposes is actually

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allowed um so according to current

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International Space law in the

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exploration and use of outer space

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including the moon all countries should

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be guided by the principle of

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cooperation and mutual assistance and so

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far all announced missions um

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are with the go to explore to learn and

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to

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I mean but but that sounds great in

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theory and it's good to know that there

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are rules governing who can do what up

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there but excuse me if we look at at

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China who's just sent this uh this

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latest Mission up if we look at what

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China is doing down here on Earth in the

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South China Sea well you look at the

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idea that they want to establish a base

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upon the moon and you would ask yourself

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well why wouldn't they want to claim it

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for their own

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well uh that's a very good question uh

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first of all anybody can claim anything

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um in space even individuals have

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claimed uh asteroids actually in space

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uh as it was the case of Aeros uh that

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was claimed by by an American individual

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so anybody can go plant a flag and claim

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a space even without the planting a flag

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anybody can claim anything uh but really

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uh the the the reality is that space is

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very difficult and to um assert uh sort

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of ownership of something in space you

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also have to be able to defend it um to

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hold on to that position um and and

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first we have to say that international

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law the outer space law forbids uh the

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national appropriation of um of anything

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in space uh so China cannot just claim

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um something because um because it wants

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to do so uh but even if it does even if

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it decides to go against International

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Space law that risks aggravating is

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standing in the International Community

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and as I said before space is very hard

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it is very difficult to actually achieve

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anything in space alone which is one of

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the reasons actually China partnered

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China is not going alone to the Moon it

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is actually going together with 10 other

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states and several non-governmental

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entities just a quick word on because we

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know that when these missions go up

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there they they gather up kilos of dust

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and bring it down to earth and examine

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it what

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happens uh what are the rules around

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Treasures found on the moon if they

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bring back some uh some fantastic super

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conducting Rare Earth do they get to

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just is it Finders Keepers or are there

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more rules that say no you can't do that

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and then how do you enforce those

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rules this is Phil this is an excellent

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question it's a question actually that

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is currently being explored and

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discussed uh at the United Nations uh

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what exactly are the rules of extracting

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and using in2 elements um inc2 uh

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resources uh what exactly is a space

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resource how much can we extract uh do

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we have the right to extraction how much

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uh can we do uh if we do um the matter

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of the fact is that we have brought back

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samples from the Moon before including

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China with Changi 5 in 2020 actually

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four pounds of it uh at that time the

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Apollo Astronauts also brought samples

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from the moon so um president show has

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shown have pres have shown that we can

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bring samples back from the moon at

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least four pounds and that will be that

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that that hasn't posed a problem uh

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however the rules are still being

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defined uh and discussed at

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International level uh so we see how

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that that goes and so which country do

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you think or which Super which

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individual is closest uh to establishing

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a base on the

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moon this is uh this is this is an

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excellent question and I'm I'm very

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happy that you actually opened it up not

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only for States but uh just based on

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what the various entities have said

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right now emis 3 that is slated to be

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the first crude Mission uh on the moon

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landing on the moon uh from the emis

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program so this one is scheduled for

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September 202 26 they plan to use a

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Starship ler developed by SpaceX that is

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still actually undergoing testing uh

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China uh and the China lead block has

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quoted actually several dates between

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2026 and

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2030 uh it definitely plans to land tyon

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on the Moon by

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2030 So based on those very preliminary

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announcements it would seem like it

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could be the emis block but as you

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pointed out um there have been other um

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countries that they've also landed

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successfully on the moon including India

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in 2023 and several others that

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attempted to land on the moon including

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um Israel and Japan and then of course

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we have individuals um actually uh Jeff

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bess's blue origin is very interesting

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it's all gonna

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getat it's all gonna get very crowded up

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there um thank you so much for guiding

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us through that

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uh Sana benac from John's Hopkins

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University thank you so

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much thank you

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