Banking Law Part 2 Classification of Bank

Summary

本视频脚本深入探讨了印尼银行法的第二部分，重点介绍了印尼银行的分类及其法律层面。首先，明确了中央银行的核心地位，其主要职责是制定银行业务的法规和监管，确保所有银行活动依法进行。印尼银行作为中央银行，独立于政府和其他各方的干预，其目标是维护印尼货币的稳定。接着，讨论了商业银行，它们可以基于传统或伊斯兰原则运作，提供支付交易、信贷、储蓄、货币兑换等服务。商业银行可以是有限公司、合作社或地方政府企业。与商业银行相比，农村银行的规模和业务范围较小，主要服务于中低收入群体，不能进行吉罗（Giro）和货币兑换等活动，且必须完全由印尼公民或企业拥有。视频最后强调了了解印尼银行法及其相关法规的重要性，以便更深入地理解银行业务的法律框架。

Takeaways

• 🏦 **中央银行的角色**：印尼的中央银行（Bank Indonesia）扮演着核心角色，负责制定和执行银行业的法规，并监督所有银行活动以确保法律遵从性。
• 💹 **货币稳定**：中央银行的目标之一是维护印尼货币（卢比）的稳定性，特别是在当前疫情情况下对货币价值的控制。
• 📜 **商业银行的分类**：商业银行分为传统商业银行和伊斯兰银行，两者主要区别在于运作原则和法规，后者遵循《古兰经》和哈迪斯原则，避免利息。
• 💼 **商业银行的业务**：商业银行可进行多种银行交易，如信贷、储蓄、货币兑换等，并可提供支付交易服务。
• 🏢 **农村银行的特点**：农村银行规模较小，服务范围有限，主要针对中低收入客户群体，提供储蓄和信贷服务，但不涉及商业银行的所有业务。
• 📊 **银行的法律实体形式**：商业银行和农村银行可以通过有限责任公司、合作社或地方政府企业的形式成立。
• 💵 **最低资本要求**：商业银行的最低资本要求为3万亿印尼盾，而农村银行的最低资本要求则根据地点不同而有所变化。
• 🤝 **外资所有权**：商业银行可以由印尼公民与外国人共同成立，但农村银行必须100%由印尼人所有。
• 🚫 **银行业务限制**：农村银行不能进行商业银行的所有业务，如吉罗账户和货币兑换。
• 📚 **法律和法规重要性**：了解和遵守印尼银行法及其相关法规对于银行运营至关重要。
• ✅ **监管与指导**：中央银行不仅监管银行活动，还指导其他银行，确保它们遵守法律和规定。

Q & A

在印度尼西亚，银行有哪些主要的分类？

在印度尼西亚，银行主要分为三类：中央银行、商业银行和农村银行。

中央银行在银行系统中扮演什么角色？

中央银行在银行系统中扮演监管者和监督者的角色，负责制定银行业务的规则、程序、要求以及活动的详细规定，并确保所有银行遵守法律和中央银行发布的规定。

商业银行和农村银行在业务范围上有何不同？

商业银行的业务范围更广，可以进行多种银行交易，如信贷、储蓄、货币兑换等。而农村银行主要专注于储蓄和信贷服务，不能进行商业银行所能进行的所有活动，如吉罗（giro）和货币兑换。

在印度尼西亚，商业银行可以以哪些类型的商业实体形式成立？

在印度尼西亚，商业银行可以以有限责任公司（PT）、合作社（Cooperative）和地方政府企业的形式成立。

农村银行的最低资本要求是多少？

农村银行的最低资本要求取决于地点，例如在雅加达与在巴厘岛、巴卡萨或其他地区是不同的。具体数额需要查阅最新的法规，因为这些要求可能会在几年内进行修订。

外国投资者在印度尼西亚商业银行中的股份占比有何限制？

外国投资者在印度尼西亚商业银行中的股份占比需要查看最新的负面投资清单，以确定外国人在印尼银行中能够拥有的最大股份百分比。

农村银行是否允许外国投资者拥有股份？

农村银行必须100%由印尼人拥有，无论是印尼个人还是商业实体。

印度尼西亚中央银行的名称是什么？

印度尼西亚的中央银行名称是Bank Indonesia。

商业银行和农村银行在资本要求上有何不同？

商业银行的最低资本要求是3万亿印尼盾，而农村银行的最低资本要求则根据地点不同而有所变化。

在印度尼西亚，银行业务的法律依据是什么？

在印度尼西亚，银行业务的法律依据是1992年的第7号银行法，后来根据1998年第10号法律进行了修订。

为什么农村银行主要针对中等收入以下的客户群体？

农村银行主要针对中等收入以下的客户群体，因为它们的目标是帮助市场中的小企业和个体商户进行资金筹集，以支持他们的商业活动。

在印度尼西亚，银行的监管机构是什么？

在印度尼西亚，银行的监管机构是中央银行，即Bank Indonesia。

Outlines

00:00

📜 印尼银行法概述

本段介绍了印尼银行法的基础知识，包括银行的定义、分类以及中央银行的角色。重点讨论了印尼中央银行（Bank Indonesia）作为监管机构的职责，包括制定银行业务的规则、程序、要求，以及确保所有银行活动遵守法律和中央银行的规定。此外，还提到了中央银行作为独立国家机构的地位，以及其维护印尼货币稳定的目标。

05:02

🏦 商业银行与伊斯兰银行的区分

本段详细讨论了商业银行的概念和功能，包括商业银行在传统和伊斯兰原则下的活动。商业银行可以进行多种银行交易，如信贷、储蓄、货币兑换等。同时，介绍了商业银行的两种类型：传统银行和伊斯兰银行，它们的区别在于运作原则和法规。还提到了商业银行的业务实体类型，包括有限责任公司、合作社和地方政府企业。

10:05

🌾 农村银行的角色与特点

本段解释了农村银行（Bank Rakyat）的特点，包括其与商业银行在规模和业务范围上的区别。农村银行主要面向中小客户，提供储蓄和信贷服务，但不能进行商业银行的所有活动，如吉罗账户和货币兑换。此外，讨论了农村银行的业务实体类型，包括有限责任公司、合作社和地方政府企业，以及农村银行的最低资本要求和股权结构。

15:06

🏢 银行的法律实体类型与资本要求

本段进一步阐述了商业银行和农村银行在法律实体类型、最低资本要求和股权结构方面的差异。商业银行的最低资本为3万亿印尼盾，而农村银行的最低资本取决于地点。此外，商业银行可以由印尼公民与外国人共同成立，但需遵守外资投资清单的规定，而农村银行必须完全由印尼人拥有。

Keywords

💡中央银行

中央银行是一个国家金融体系的核心，负责制定和执行货币政策，监管和监督商业银行的活动。在视频中，印尼的中央银行被称为Bank Indonesia，它的角色是制定银行业务的规则和程序，确保所有银行活动都依法进行。例如，所有银行必须遵循印尼央行设定的信贷和存款利率。中央银行的独立性意味着它在执行职责时不受政府或其他方的干预，除非法律有明确规定。

💡商业银行

商业银行是指那些主要提供传统或伊斯兰教法原则下的银行服务的金融机构，包括支付交易、信贷、储蓄和货币兑换等。商业银行可以进一步分为传统银行和伊斯兰银行，两者的主要区别在于业务运作的原则和规定。视频中提到，商业银行能够进行大多数银行交易，如信贷发放、储蓄和货币兑换。

💡乡村银行

乡村银行是针对中小规模客户，尤其是农村地区的金融机构。它们主要提供储蓄和信贷服务，但与商业银行相比，其业务范围较窄，不能进行如吉罗账户（giro account）或货币兑换等活动。乡村银行的注册资本要求根据地理位置的不同而有所差异，且必须为印尼本土所有，可以是个人或企业实体。

💡货币政策

货币政策是中央银行用来控制国家经济活动，特别是货币供应量和利率的一系列措施。在视频中，印尼央行的职责之一就是制定和实施货币政策，以维护印尼盾的稳定。货币政策对于控制通货膨胀、促进经济增长和就业等方面具有重要作用。

💡支付系统

支付系统是指允许经济交易中的资金转移的金融基础设施。印尼央行负责监管和保障支付系统的顺畅运作，这对于确保经济活动的连续性和效率至关重要。支付系统可以包括电子转账、支票清算等多种支付手段。

💡银行监管

银行监管是指中央银行或其他监管机构对商业银行和其他金融机构的监督和管理，以确保它们的运营符合法律法规，维护金融系统的稳定和保护消费者利益。视频中提到，印尼央行对商业银行和乡村银行进行监管，确保它们的业务活动合法合规。

💡银行业务实体

银行业务实体是指可以设立银行的法律形式，如有限公司、合作社或地方政府企业。视频中指出，不是所有的商业实体类型都可以用来开设银行，例如不能以合伙企业或基金会的形式设立银行。这与银行作为私人机构的性质有关，需要符合特定的法律和监管要求。

💡最低资本要求

最低资本要求是指开设银行所需满足的最低资金门槛。商业银行和乡村银行的最低资本要求不同，商业银行的最低资本要求为3万亿印尼盾，而乡村银行的最低资本要求则根据地理位置的不同而有所变化。这一要求旨在确保银行具有足够的资本来支撑其运营并抵御潜在风险。

💡外资所有权

外资所有权指的是外国投资者在一家银行中可以持有的股份比例。视频中提到，商业银行可以由印尼公民与外国人共同设立，但需遵守印尼的负面投资清单和外资持股比例的相关规定。相比之下，乡村银行必须完全由印尼人所有，无论是个人还是企业实体。

💡伊斯兰银行

伊斯兰银行是指按照伊斯兰教法原则运作的银行，它避免使用利息，而是通过其他方式如利润和亏损共享、商品和服务的交易等进行资金的借贷和投资。视频中提到，商业银行可以是传统型的也可以是伊斯兰银行型的，但具体讨论伊斯兰银行需要特定的法律和金融知识背景。

💡银行业务分类

银行业务分类是指根据银行的功能、服务范围、客户群体等因素对银行进行的分类。视频中讨论了印尼的银行分类，包括中央银行、商业银行和乡村银行。每种类型的银行都有其特定的业务范围、客户群体和监管要求，这有助于观众理解不同类型的银行及其在金融体系中的角色。

Highlights

介绍了印尼银行的分类，包括中央银行、商业银行和乡村银行。

中央银行在印尼银行活动中扮演核心角色，负责制定规则和监管。

印尼中央银行（Bank Indonesia）作为监管者和监督者，确保所有银行遵守法律和规定。

中央银行被视为独立国家机构，不受政府或其他方的干预，除非法律明确规定。

中央银行的目标是维护印尼货币的稳定，特别是在当前疫情情况下。

商业银行根据传统或伊斯兰原则进行活动，提供支付交易服务。

商业银行可以进行多种银行交易，如信贷、储蓄和货币兑换。

商业银行的业务包括动员资金、扩展信贷、发行票据、购买销售及承担风险等。

商业银行可以以有限责任公司、合作社或地方政府企业的形式成立。

乡村银行主要服务于中小规模客户，活动范围相对有限。

乡村银行的运营包括动员资金、储蓄和信贷，但不能进行商业银行的其他活动。

乡村银行的最低资本要求根据地点不同而变化，且必须为印尼所有。

商业银行和乡村银行的外资所有权比例有所不同，乡村银行必须完全由印尼人拥有。

商业银行可以由印尼公民与外国人共同成立，需遵守外资投资清单。

印尼银行法规定了商业银行和乡村银行的成立要求和业务实体类型。

商业银行和乡村银行的业务活动范围、最低资本和所有权结构存在明显差异。

讲座强调了了解印尼银行法规和相关监管对于学习银行法的重要性。

讲座还提到了银行业务中的信用方面，将在后续讨论中进一步探讨。

Transcripts

hello class

welcome back to the business local

course

and this is our

second part for the banking law topic

at the previous topic i mean at the

previous part

we have tried to understand

the concept of the banking

and now we are going to discuss about

the classification of bank in indonesia

and we are going to diversity

as well and try to

gain the legal aspect of the

because the the various

types of banking in indonesia

if if we if we read the indonesian

regulation

in banking there are three

classification

the first one is the central

bank

it's called central because this ban

played the core position

in running the banking activities

in indonesia in indonesia the central

bank

indonesia plays

the role as the central bank at least

in doing or making the regulation

and to the supervision

so about indonesia make regulation about

the activities of the bank in the

procedure the process

the requirement and also all the detail

of the activities of the bank in

indonesia

for example all the banks must follow

the rate that given by indonesia whether

it is the rate of

receiving the credit or the deposit

so that's the role of the central bank

as the regulator

and also as the supervisor the central

bank must make sure

that all the bank in indonesia is

conducting the

banking activities in accordance to the

law

including the regulations that issued by

the bank

indonesia as a central bank

in central bank

we can divide it as an independent state

institution

which is free from any interferences

of the government and or other parties

except for matters explicitly

prescribed in the law if it is governed

by the law

and the objective of the existence

of one indonesia is to achieve and

maintain the stability of the european

values europeas indonesian currency

especially

nowadays in the pandemic situation here

but indonesia should have tried their

best

to to control the the position of

indonesian currency

if you monitor it by television or the

media

you can so you can see that

the rupiah was falling down at the

first time uh president yokoido was

announced there is

the suspect of corona in indonesia i

mean they're the one who's been

confirmed

this is in in that virus

but now it's been stronger now

so that's the job of bank indonesia so

the tax of one indonesia

are included to achieve the objective

of the purposes of the existence of

indonesia

as mandated by the law uh

in detail for example to prescribe and

to implement the monetary policy

to regulate and to safeguard the

smoothness

of the payment system for sure and also

to regulate and supervise banks this

this ones

that i've explained to you previously

that indonesia is monitoring the

activities

of the bank in indonesia so

but indonesia is a central bank so bank

indonesia would supervise would guide

the other banks

now we are going to tell about the

classification of the other banks except

by indonesia

so under bank indonesia you recognize

two classification of bank the first one

is the commercial bank

commercial bank is a bank which does its

activities on conventional

and or sharia principles in doing

so provides services in payment

transaction

so commercial bank could be also divided

into

two types the conventional

and the sharia

so the commercial banks here

have two types uh conventional sharia

the difference is the principle and the

regulation that used

in conducting the activities of the bank

in sharia

they use al-quran hadis and also the

other

resources to implement the activities in

the banking

to avoid the interest for example while

the conventional one they don't use the

sharia principle they just use the

indonesian system

of law in banking so i'm not going to

discuss about the sharia

because to talk about the shariawan we

need to take a certain location and a

certain form to discuss about it

and i think you need to learn about the

basic of the conventional one

before you talk about shariawan

so in this course because it's not for

law school students i'll just try to

give you the conventional one

later yeah but in general

commercial bank

uh could do most of the bank transaction

like they posted credit uh

savings and also to do the currency

exchange

if you want to change your dollars or

your ringgit you can go to

the commercial banks for example

commercial banks is

[Music]

so on and so on so some of uh the bank

has

the conventional one and also they share

one for

so both of them are bang mandiri

but different principles uh

sharia money they use the principle of

sharia or the convention one they don't

follow themselves

principle they just use the indonesian

banking or regulation

in detail the operation of the

commercial bank including mobilizing

funds for

from the public as i explained in the

previous part

extending credits issuing notes

purchasing selling

and guaranteeing against on risk

transferring money if you have a

transfer money you can use the

commercial bank services

placing funds and accepting payments in

respect or claim for securities

providing safety deposit boxes for

failureable goods

and papers and the other

operational activities of commercial

bank is in undertaking placement of

funds

as well as conducting business in

factoring credit cards and

trust to ship factoring credit cards you

will discuss it further we will discuss

it further i mean

it's been discussed in at the previous

uh meeting in in finance law

and also the operation of commercial

banks including profiling

financing or conducting other activities

yeah whether it is in conventional

system or sharia system

that's why bank is also one of

the financing company that's why

financing institution is

divided into banking financing

institution and on banking financing

institution

so at the previous part we've learned

banking law is talking about the

institution

according to article 21

first one banking law of indonesia you

may check the banking law of indonesia

yeah and also the the related

regulation of the banking in indonesia

because all the the one that you need

to to have is not only

my explanation in this video but also of

course the regulation

yeah that's on

article

21 in indonesian

law for your information the indonesian

banking law

was at low seven low number seven

1992 and it was revised

by law number 10 1998 based on the

regulation definition

i mean based on the the governing of the

banking law in that regulation a

commercial bank could only be

established in three

types of in business entity

the first one is limited

liability company

second one is cooperative

and the third one is regional government

enterprise this is maybe this is quite

new for you

limited liability company is in

indonesia we call it pete

so if you want to make a bank so the

business

form that you can use the entity of the

business that you can use one of them is

or the cooperative yeah the cooperative

cooperacy

so you can also make bank in in the form

of coprasi for example

bukopin

indonesia and also

you can make it in in form

of regional

government enterprise i think

you you would be

familiar with the

regional bank like

that's the example of the the

the the types of business entity that

you you can use

in establishing a bank so by this

regulation it is confirmed that not

all the classification of business

entity that you've learned

at the previous meetings can be used to

open a bank

you cannot make a bank in the form of

firma and you cannot make the bank

uniform of safe

and also for sure you cannot make good

banking in

in the form of foundation because

foundation is non-profit

while banking is a private institution

so the second one

second one that's supervised by the

central bank he said the commercial bank

is the rural bank

rural bank in indonesia we call it

bank

principally the difference is in the

scale and the scope of surfaces

rural bang is also can be implemented

in

in conventional or in sharia

let's depend on the classification of

the rural bank

if you try to to see the pills

philosophical

idea of the existence of the rural bank

it's mostly because

the rural bank is targeting the middle

law

uh target of customer that's why

they used to be established among

is located among the market because they

are

trying to help this the trader the

sellers in the market

who needs some fundraise so they could

give some fun

for them and

the the main difference is in the

activities

rural bank cannot do as many as

activities as what the commercial bank

can do

so the operation of the rural bank is

consists of mobilizing funds from the

public

just like the banking the commercial one

and

you can do the savings in rural bank and

also the credit

and also providing finance

but uh the rural bank

cannot do the other kind of activities

besides that

so the rural bank cannot do the the giro

you know and also the

the currency exchange so the rural bank

only focus

on the savings and credits

while the commercial bank has a wider

scope of surfaces

and the

form of the entity that can be used to

open the

rural bank is quite the same

with the commercial one that you can

only establish the rural bank

in form of the petty coprasi or

the regional enterprise

and also in the law it is uh available

to be established in the other form of

legal entities stipulated in

a government regulation so one day if

the if

i mean if government regulation give an

opportunity for the other types of

business npd to be used

to open a rural bank so it can be but

until

but uh the three main business entities

that mentioned by the regulation espete

copraci and the regional

enterprise

the other difference is about

the capital

so the minimum capital for the

commercial bank

is 3 billion

3 billion i mean

3 billion rupiah yeah sorry it's 3

trillion 3 trillion

while in in the rural bank

it's depend on the location

so if you want to open it in jakarta

it's different with

bali with bakassi with tangrang

with in some marinda for example

and to kind of admit you need to read

the latest regulation

because the minimum requirement to

establish a rural bank

and it's used to be revised in several

years

and the other difference is regarding

the establishment

that the commercial bank can be made

jointly between the indonesian citizens

with the foreigner

also you have to check the negative

investment list

and then the latest one how many

percents maximum the

the foreigner could own the shares in

indonesian bank

well in the rural bank it must be 100

indonesian whether it is indonesian uh

individuals or

a business entity okay

so that's the classification of bank in

indonesia there are three

central bank commercial entrepreneurial

one the central bank

is more focused on the regulations

and superficial so they don't they don't

do the

activities of uh the general bank they

don't do credit there you cannot do the

you cannot asking for

fundraise in in central bank no you

cannot

and they supervise two classification of

bang which is the commercial and the

rural one

in indonesia commercial bank you call it

while in the air

uh it's i mean in rural bank

we used to call it bank grit and rakia

both of them can be in form of

conventional

or the sharia principle of the

conduction of the business

and the types of business ntd that you

can use to establish them

original the former enterprise

and the difference between the

commercial and the rural is in their

activities that the commercial bank can

do more activities than the rural bank

and also the minimum capital as well

as the ownership of shares in the

company

so that's for now hopefully after this

you would cook the

the further discussion which is focus on

the

credit aspect of banking and

i hope you you you could you could

understand the material i given in this

video

thank you see you until the next part of

this topic bye-bye god bless you