SISTEM EKSKRESI part 2 || ORGAN EKSKRESI : HATI & PARU-PARU #biologismakelas11 #sistemekskresi

Summary

This video lecture explores the excretory functions of the liver and lungs in the human body. It explains the liver's role in detoxification, bile production, and waste management, including the secretion of bile and the breakdown of proteins into ammonia and urea. The lecture also covers how the lungs expel carbon dioxide and water vapor as byproducts of respiration and regulate breathing rates based on CO2 levels. Both organs are crucial in maintaining bodily balance by managing waste and supporting other systems like digestion and circulation.

Takeaways

• 😀 The liver is the largest internal organ in the body, located on the right side of the abdomen, below the diaphragm.
• 😀 The liver produces bile, which helps digest fats in the small intestine and is stored in the gallbladder.
• 😀 Bile secretion helps neutralize stomach acid in the small intestine, aiding in fat digestion.
• 😀 The liver also breaks down proteins, producing ammonia, which is converted into urea and excreted via the kidneys.
• 😀 The liver produces bilirubin and biliverdin, which contribute to the yellow color of urine and the brown color of feces.
• 😀 A blockage in the bile ducts can lead to jaundice, a condition where the skin and eyes turn yellow due to excess bilirubin.
• 😀 The lungs excrete carbon dioxide (CO2) and water vapor as waste products of metabolism, playing an essential excretory role.
• 😀 CO2 levels in the blood regulate the speed of breathing. High CO2 levels cause faster breathing to expel the excess gas.
• 😀 The lungs are located in the chest, with the right lung having three lobes and the left lung having two to accommodate the heart.
• 😀 CO2 is transported in the blood in three forms: dissolved in plasma, bound to hemoglobin, and as bicarbonate ions.
• 😀 The lungs work in conjunction with the circulatory system to exchange gases (O2 and CO2) during respiration, maintaining the body's acid-base balance.

Q & A

What is the primary function of the liver in the excretion system?

The liver plays a key role in producing bile, which aids in fat digestion, and it also helps detoxify the blood by breaking down toxins and processing proteins into ammonia and urea for excretion through the kidneys.

How does the liver assist in the digestion of fats?

The liver produces bile, which is stored in the gallbladder and released into the small intestine to help break down fats into fatty acids and glycerol, facilitating their absorption.

What substances are produced by the liver that contribute to the color of urine?

The liver produces bile pigments like bilirubin and biliverdin, which are excreted in urine, giving it its characteristic color.

Why is the liver considered both an organ of digestion and excretion?

The liver is considered an organ of both digestion and excretion because it secretes bile for digestion and also processes waste products like ammonia and urea for excretion through the kidneys.

What happens when the bile ducts are blocked?

When bile ducts are blocked, often due to high cholesterol, it can result in the formation of gallstones. This blockage can cause jaundice, where the skin and eyes turn yellow due to bile entering the bloodstream.

How does the liver contribute to regulating kidney function?

The liver helps regulate kidney function by breaking down toxins and producing waste products such as ammonia and urea, which are filtered and excreted by the kidneys.

What role do the lungs play in the excretion system?

The lungs expel carbon dioxide (CO2) and water vapor (H2O) as byproducts of metabolism, making them an important organ in the excretion system.

How does the amount of CO2 in the blood influence breathing rate?

The level of CO2 in the blood directly regulates the breathing rate. When CO2 levels rise, the body triggers faster breathing to expel the excess gas.

Why are the lungs not considered an organ of digestion, even though they excrete CO2 and H2O?

The lungs are not classified as a digestive organ because their primary function is respiration—facilitating oxygen exchange and expelling carbon dioxide. However, they do excrete waste gases, which ties them into the excretion system.

What is the structure of the liver, and how is it divided?

The liver is located in the right side of the abdomen, divided into two main lobes: the left lobe and the larger right lobe. These lobes are further subdivided into smaller sections, and the liver is protected by the rib cage.