Jiwa Sejarah #5 - Pendudukan Inggris Di Sulawesi Selatan dan Konflik dengan Kerajaan Bone.

Summary

The discussion explores the British colonization of Sulawesi, Indonesia, detailing the transition from Dutch to British control in the early 19th century. Key figures like Richard Phillips are highlighted, alongside the British policy of making Makassar a free port, intended to enhance trade but resulting in mixed local impacts. The resistance from the Bone Kingdom and shifting power dynamics are examined, showcasing the complexities of local governance under British rule. The conversation reveals how British policies reshaped traditional hierarchies and societal structures, emphasizing both cooperation and conflict in the colonial landscape.

Takeaways

• 😀 The discussion revolves around British colonial governance in Sulawesi during the early 19th century.
• 😀 Richard Phillips played a key role in British administration in Sulawesi, serving as Lieutenant General from 1811 to 1816.
• 😀 The British aimed to create a free port in Makassar, believing it would benefit local trade and welfare.
• 😀 Following the arrival of the British, the relationship between the Bugis Kingdom (Bone) and the British deteriorated, impacting regional power dynamics.
• 😀 The British sought equal status with local rulers, leading to tensions with the Bugis, who felt their sovereignty was threatened.
• 😀 Historical treaties, such as the Bongaya Treaty of 1667, significantly influenced the political landscape in Sulawesi at that time.
• 😀 The British intervention aimed to weaken the Dutch influence in the region and reestablish control over local powers.
• 😀 The conflict included military actions, with the British attempting to pacify and dominate local kingdoms like Bone and Gowa.
• 😀 Following British control, many local populations were displaced or divided in their loyalties between different rulers.
• 😀 Ultimately, British actions in Sulawesi set the stage for later Dutch reassertion of power in the region by 1861.

Q & A

What historical events led to the British presence in Sulawesi during the early 19th century?

The British presence in Sulawesi was primarily a result of the Dutch retreat during the Napoleonic Wars. Following King William V of the Netherlands seeking asylum in England in 1795, the British intervened in the region, taking control of Dutch territories, including those in Sulawesi.

Who was Richard Phillips, and what was his role in Sulawesi?

Richard Phillips was appointed as the Lieutenant-General of the British forces in Indonesia from 1811 to 1816. He led military operations to establish British control in several regions, including South Sulawesi, and played a key role in the governance of the area.

What policies did Richard Phillips implement in Sulawesi?

Phillips implemented policies such as establishing Makassar as a free port, aiming to foster trade and economic prosperity in the region, and sought to position the British presence as beneficial to the local population.

How did the Bone Kingdom respond to the arrival of the British?

The Bone Kingdom, historically influential in South Sulawesi, initially rejected British attempts to assert dominance. The rulers sought to maintain equal status and were resistant to British interventions, leading to tensions between the two powers.

What was the significance of the Bongaya Treaty signed in 1667?

The Bongaya Treaty established Dutch supremacy over the region and constrained the Bone Kingdom's influence in South Sulawesi. This treaty set the stage for future conflicts as the British sought to undermine Dutch control during their occupation.

What were the consequences of British intervention for local kingdoms like Gowa and Bone?

British intervention destabilized the power dynamics in South Sulawesi, contributing to the decline of Gowa's influence and creating divisions among local rulers, as some supported the British while others remained loyal to traditional powers.

What military actions did the British undertake in relation to the local kingdoms?

The British launched military operations against local kingdoms, including attacking and occupying territories held by Gowa and Bone, to secure control and quell resistance from local rulers who opposed British authority.

What impact did the British presence have on the local economy and trade in Sulawesi?

The establishment of Makassar as a free port under British policy was intended to stimulate trade. However, it also disrupted existing trade networks controlled by the Dutch and altered local economic conditions.

What led to the eventual re-establishment of Dutch control over Sulawesi after the British period?

Following the end of British control in 1816, the Dutch regained their dominance in Sulawesi. The shifting allegiances and weakened local powers during the British occupation allowed the Dutch to reassert their influence more easily.

How did the British handle local conflicts between kingdoms like Bone and Gowa?

The British often exploited local rivalries, supporting factions that aligned with their interests while attempting to diminish the power of traditional rulers, thereby influencing local politics and maintaining control over the region.