Evidence Based Medicine, Kuliah Fartok 2021

Summary

The lecture focuses on evidence-based medicine (EBM), emphasizing its systematic approach to integrating scientific evidence with clinical expertise to enhance patient care. Key topics include the importance of using high-quality evidence, the PICO framework for formulating clinical questions, and the hierarchy of evidence, from systematic reviews to observational studies. The session highlights resources for finding reliable evidence and stresses the need for critical appraisal of research findings. By understanding and applying EBM, healthcare professionals can improve treatment decisions and patient outcomes effectively.

Takeaways

• 😀 Evidence-based medicine (EBM) is a systematic approach that integrates scientific evidence in clinical decision-making.
• 📚 EBM enhances patient care by providing up-to-date information on prognosis, diagnosis, and therapeutic interventions.
• 🔍 The process of EBM involves selecting interventions that have sufficient scientific backing to improve patient health outcomes.
• 📊 Evidence levels are categorized from 1A (systematic reviews) to lower levels like cohort studies and case-control studies.
• ⚠️ It is essential to avoid unreliable sources such as blogs and hoax websites when searching for evidence.
• 📝 The PICO method (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome) is a key framework for formulating focused clinical questions.
• 🔑 Effective database searches using PICO help narrow down relevant research articles and studies.
• 📈 Continuous learning through the accumulation of clinical experience enhances pharmacists' ability to handle patient cases.
• 🔗 Various online databases and resources can be utilized to find evidence, including systematic reviews and meta-analyses.
• 💡 Students are encouraged to apply their understanding of EBM and PICO by researching interventions for specific diseases as part of their learning.

Q & A

What is evidence-based medicine (EBM)?

EBM is a systematic approach to medical practice that integrates the best available research evidence with clinical expertise and patient values, focusing on scientifically supported interventions.

Why is EBM important in clinical practice?

EBM provides updated information that helps healthcare professionals understand prognosis, diagnosis, and therapy options, thereby improving patient care and clinical decision-making.

What are some key sources of evidence in EBM?

Key sources of evidence in EBM include systematic reviews, meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials (RCTs), cohort studies, and case-control studies.

How should healthcare providers choose evidence-based interventions?

Providers should select interventions based on the quality of evidence, considering previous patient experiences and outcomes, and ensure the evidence is derived from reliable studies.

What is the PICO framework used for in EBM?

The PICO framework (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome) is used to formulate clear clinical questions, which guide the search for relevant evidence.

What is critical appraisal in the context of EBM?

Critical appraisal involves evaluating the validity and applicability of evidence gathered from studies to determine its relevance and reliability for patient care.

What does the hierarchy of evidence in EBM refer to?

The hierarchy of evidence ranks studies based on their methodological quality, with systematic reviews and meta-analyses at the top, followed by RCTs, cohort studies, and case reports at the bottom.

What should practitioners do if they find negative evidence during their research?

If practitioners find negative evidence, they should look for additional references or studies that may support alternative interventions or further inform patient care.

What are some reliable databases for searching EBM resources?

Reliable databases for EBM resources include PubMed, Cochrane Library, and other academic databases that provide access to peer-reviewed articles and systematic reviews.

What practical steps should students take to apply EBM in their studies?

Students should practice formulating clinical questions using PICO, search for evidence in reputable databases, critically evaluate the findings, and apply the relevant evidence to their clinical scenarios.