Syariat ISLAM, karakter, ruang lingkupnya prodi PGSD 02 UNISRI

Summary

The presentation explores the concept of syariat, or Islamic law, highlighting its definitions, purposes, and characteristics. It defines syariat as both a path of righteousness and a divine framework for human conduct, emphasizing its role in fulfilling essential human needs such as religion, life, intellect, wealth, and honor. The presentation details the universal applicability of syariat, its source from Allah, and the dual nature of its sanctions—both worldly and spiritual. It concludes by discussing the various scopes of syariat, including worship, transactions, criminal law, and ethics, underscoring its importance in guiding a harmonious society.

Takeaways

• 😀 Shariah, in a linguistic sense, means a straight path or source of water, symbolizing the correct way to live.
• 📖 In terms of terminology, Shariah encompasses the laws and regulations established by Allah, derived from the Quran and the Sunnah.
• 🌟 The primary purpose of Shariah is to protect essential human needs such as religion, life, intellect, wealth, and lineage.
• ⚖️ Shariah laws aim to promote human welfare and are categorized into primary, secondary, and tertiary needs.
• ✋ The characteristics of Shariah include its divine origin, which ensures it is free from human corruption and bias.
• 🌍 Shariah applies universally, meaning it is relevant for all people and not limited to Muslims or Arab countries.
• 🔗 Shariah has dual sanctions, enforcing both worldly and spiritual consequences for actions.
• 🙏 Ibadah (worship) involves rules governing a person’s relationship with Allah, including rituals like prayer and fasting.
• 🤝 Muamalah (transactions) refers to regulations surrounding interactions and financial dealings among individuals.
• 🕊️ The scope of Shariah also includes moral guidance (akhlaq) and political responsibility (siyasa) in society.

Q & A

What is the linguistic meaning of 'syariat'?

The linguistic meaning of 'syariat' is 'the straight path' or 'source of water.' It symbolizes adherence to the right and true path.

How is 'syariat' defined in a theological context?

In a theological context, 'syariat' refers to all that Allah has decreed for His servants, which includes the rules established through the Quran and the Sunnah of the Prophet.

What are the primary objectives of syariat?

The primary objectives of syariat are to serve the common good (maslahat) of humanity, categorized into primary, secondary, and tertiary maslahat.

What are the five basic human needs that syariat aims to protect?

Syariat aims to protect five basic human needs: religion, life, intellect, property, and lineage.

What are the characteristics of syariat?

The characteristics of syariat include its divine source from Allah, the dual nature of its penalties (both worldly and spiritual), and its universal applicability to all individuals, not just Muslims.

How does syariat define 'ibadah'?

'Ibadah' refers to the regulations governing direct relationships with Allah, including the essential practices of Islam such as prayer, fasting, and pilgrimage.

What does 'muamalah' encompass in syariat?

'Muamalah' encompasses the rules governing social interactions and transactions between individuals, including trade, lending, and contracts.

What types of issues does 'siyasah' address within syariat?

'Siyasah' addresses issues related to community governance, social responsibility, and leadership within an Islamic context.

What is the importance of akhlak in syariat?

Akhlak is crucial as it governs personal conduct and ethical behavior, emphasizing virtues such as humility, patience, and respect towards others.

How does syariat view the concept of punishment?

Syariat views punishment as dual in nature, with worldly penalties for crimes and spiritual consequences in the afterlife for sinful actions.