Mengenal Kedaulatan NKRI Mulai dari Hakikat, Bentuk, dan Teori Kedaulatan

Summary

This video explores the concept of sovereignty, emphasizing its origins in the Arabic word 'Daulah' and its critical role in governance. It highlights the sovereignty of the people as the foundation of democracy, where citizens either participate directly or elect representatives. The video details the characteristics of sovereignty, including its original, permanent, single, and unlimited nature, and distinguishes between internal and external sovereignty. Additionally, it discusses various theories of sovereignty, from divine right to popular sovereignty, illustrating the complexities of state power and the responsibility of governments to protect citizens' rights.

Takeaways

• 😀 Sovereignty, derived from the Arabic word 'Daulah', means the supreme power to create and enforce laws.
• 😀 People's sovereignty indicates that citizens hold the highest power in social and governmental matters.
• 😀 The government of the people is a fundamental principle of democracy, emphasizing governance 'by the people, for the people.'
• 😀 Direct democracy allows individuals to participate personally in decision-making and voting on laws.
• 😀 Representative democracy involves electing representatives to make legislative decisions on behalf of the citizens.
• 😀 Jean Bodin's theory defines sovereignty as the highest power to determine a nation's laws, characterized by four traits: original, permanent, singular, and unlimited.
• 😀 The divine right theory states that a state's power originates from God, often claimed by monarchs as divine descendants.
• 😀 The royal sovereignty theory asserts that kings are accountable only to themselves and not bound by constitutional law.
• 😀 State sovereignty emphasizes that the ultimate authority lies with the state, established through laws and constitutions.
• 😀 Legal sovereignty theory holds that governmental power is derived from existing laws, highlighting the importance of justice and legal awareness.
• 😀 The people's sovereignty theory posits that citizens, as a collective, possess the ultimate authority and delegate power to elected officials.

Q & A

What is the definition of sovereignty as presented in the script?

Sovereignty is the highest authority to create and enforce laws, derived from the Arabic word 'Daulah,' which means supreme power.

What does the principle of popular sovereignty entail?

Popular sovereignty implies that the people are the ultimate holders of power in society and governance, leading to a government that operates 'of the people, by the people, and for the people.'

What are the two forms of democracy mentioned in the script?

The two forms of democracy are direct democracy, where citizens participate personally in law-making and voting, and representative democracy, where citizens elect representatives to make decisions on their behalf.

Who is Jean Bodin, and what does he say about sovereignty?

Jean Bodin is a French constitutional expert who defined sovereignty as having four characteristics: original, permanent, singular, and unlimited.

What is internal sovereignty?

Internal sovereignty is the authority of a state to create and manage its government according to the will of its people, using its resources for the citizens' benefit without external interference.

What is external sovereignty?

External sovereignty is the state's power to engage in international relations independently, allowing it to sign treaties, declare war, or establish peace without external control.

What is the divine right theory of sovereignty?

The divine right theory posits that the authority of the state comes from God, with rulers claiming divine ancestry, as exemplified by ancient figures like pharaohs and emperors.

How does the royal sovereignty theory differ from the divine right theory?

Royal sovereignty theory asserts that kings are accountable only to themselves, believing their power exceeds the constitution and does not need to adhere to moral or religious laws.

What does the state sovereignty theory emphasize?

The state sovereignty theory emphasizes that the highest authority in a nation resides within the state, which emerges with its establishment and operates according to its laws.

What role does the rule of law play in the context of sovereignty?

The rule of law theory states that governmental power is derived from existing laws, with the state responsible for protecting citizens' rights to ensure the common welfare.