MicroRNA miRNA animation || Gene regulation || Nobel Prize 2024

Summary

This video delves into the world of microRNAs (miRNAs), tiny RNA molecules that play a crucial role in regulating gene expression. Typically measuring 23 nucleotides, miRNAs pair with specific mRNAs to control their translation and stability. The synthesis of miRNAs involves complex processes within the nucleus and cytoplasm, where they form RNA-induced silencing complexes (RISC) that target and degrade mRNAs. By regulating numerous mRNAs, miRNAs exert a profound influence on genetic coding and expression, showcasing their significance in both plants and animals.

Takeaways

• 🎵 MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNA molecules, typically 23 nucleotides long, that regulate at least half of all protein-coding genes.
• 🔬 Over a thousand different miRNAs are produced from the human genome.
• 🧬 The synthesis of miRNAs begins with RNA polymerase II, which creates precursor miRNAs that undergo processing.
• 📦 Precursor miRNAs form a double-stranded structure through complementary base pairing before being exported to the cytoplasm.
• ✂️ The Dicer enzyme further processes miRNAs to form the functional miRNA.
• 🔗 MiRNAs assemble with proteins to form RNA-induced silencing complexes (RISC), which play a key role in gene regulation.
• 🔍 The Argonaute protein within RISC cleaves and discards one strand of miRNA, allowing it to target specific mRNAs.
• 🌱 In plants, extensive base pairing often leads to the degradation of target mRNAs, while in animals, it typically represses translation.
• 🌀 MiRNAs can regulate multiple mRNAs simultaneously, providing combinatorial control over gene expression.
• 📉 The influence of miRNAs extends from guiding RNA degradation to repressing mRNA translation, showcasing their vast regulatory impact.

The video is abnormal, and we are working hard to fix it.
Please replace the link and try again.