tata cara menghitung & membagi warisan dalam hukum islam, ahli waris asobah dan fard, fiqih

Summary

In this video, the speaker explains the principles of inheritance in Islam, detailing who qualifies as heirs and the rules governing the distribution of inheritance. The discussion covers the six sacred fractions outlined in the Qur'an, including 1/2, 1/4, 1/8, 2/3, 1/3, and 1/6, known as Ashabul Furudh. Through practical examples, such as the case of a deceased man named Ahmad, the speaker illustrates how fixed shares and residual shares (Ashobah) are allocated among heirs, emphasizing fairness and structure in wealth distribution according to Islamic law.

Takeaways

• 😀 Islamic inheritance is divided among heirs, with a total of 17 male heirs and 7 female heirs.
• 📊 There are two models for inheritance distribution in Islam: one with fixed numbers (Ashabul Furudh) and another based on percentages (Ashobah).
• 🔢 Six sacred numbers are specified in the Quran for inheritance distribution: 1/2, 1/4, 1/8, 2/3, 1/3, and 1/6.
• 👰 If a husband dies without children, his wife receives 1/4 of his estate; if there are children, she receives 1/8.
• 👨‍👩‍👦 In cases where there are children, a father's share for an heir varies based on the presence of other heirs, such as parents.
• 📖 The sacred numbers for inheritance are found in Surah An-Nisa, verses 7 to 14.
• 🔄 The distribution process considers the heirs' relationships, with male heirs typically receiving double the share of female heirs.
• 💡 For a deceased with both a wife and children, the wife takes 1/8, while the remainder is divided among the children.
• 🧮 The remaining inheritance after fixed shares is allocated to other heirs based on the principle of Ashobah.
• ✅ Understanding Islamic inheritance requires familiarity with both fixed shares and the calculation of remainder shares.

Q & A

What are the two primary models of inheritance distribution in Islam?

The two primary models are fixed shares (Ashabul Furudh) and residual shares (Ashobah).

How many heirs are recognized in Islamic inheritance law?

There are 17 male heirs and 7 female heirs recognized in Islamic inheritance law.

What are the six key fractions of fixed shares mentioned in the Quran?

The six key fractions are 1/2, 1/4, 1/8, 2/3, 1/3, and 1/6.

What share does a wife receive if her husband dies without children?

If her husband dies without children, the wife receives 1/4 of the estate.

What happens to the wife's share if the husband has children?

If the husband has children, the wife receives 1/8 of the estate.

How do the shares for the father and mother differ based on the presence of children?

If there are children, the father receives 1/6, and the mother also receives 1/6. If there are no children, the mother receives 1/3.

How is the residual share (Ashobah) typically distributed?

The residual share is typically given to male heirs, such as sons, who inherit the remaining estate after the fixed portions are allocated.

What ratio do sons inherit compared to daughters when both are present?

Sons inherit twice as much as daughters when both are present.

In the example provided, how would an estate worth 8 billion be divided if there are children?

If the estate is worth 8 billion, the wife would receive 1 billion (1/8), and the remaining 7 billion would be divided among the sons at a ratio of 2:1.

Where in the Quran can detailed information about inheritance be found?

Detailed information about inheritance can be found in Surah An-Nisa, specifically from verses 7 to 14.