Prussian Absolutism (AP Euro Review)

Summary

The video delves into the history of Prussia, highlighting its evolution from Brandenburg to a formidable absolutist state in the 17th and 18th centuries. Key figures like Frederick William I, known as the 'Soldier King,' emphasized militarism and discipline, establishing a powerful army that became a model for other nations. Unlike other absolutist rulers, the Fredericks fostered cooperation with the nobility and promoted religious toleration. They also pioneered compulsory public education, ensuring citizens were well-versed in state duties. Ultimately, Prussia's unique blend of military focus, governance strategies, and educational reforms positioned it as a significant power in early modern Europe.

Takeaways

• 🎺 Frederick the Great was awakened by cannon fire every morning, a practice reflecting the militaristic culture of Prussia.
• 🗺️ Prussia originated as Brandenburg, a small state in the Holy Roman Empire, which was characterized by a loose confederation of principalities.
• ⚔️ The Prussian military model was highly influential, with other nations like Russia and the United States adopting its drill techniques.
• 🏰 Frederick William I, known as the Soldier King, prioritized military strength and discipline, shaping Prussia into a formidable power in Europe.
• 🛡️ Prussia's army was one of the largest and most efficient in Europe, with a significant percentage of the population serving in the military.
• 📜 The Soldier King's philosophy emphasized a simple, disciplined life, contrasting sharply with the opulence of contemporaneous rulers like Louis XIV.
• 👮‍♂️ The Prussian government endorsed religious toleration, weakening the power of the state church and fostering a unified Prussian identity.
• 🤝 The Fredericks collaborated with the Junkers (nobility), incorporating them into military and civil roles while granting them authority over peasants.
• 🏫 Prussia established the first system of compulsory public education in Europe, aiming to create informed and loyal citizens.
• 🔗 The militaristic nature of Prussia, combined with reforms in education, taxation, and nobility cooperation, led to its success as an absolutist state.

Q & A

What was Frederick the Great's experience with cannons as an alarm clock?

Frederick the Great was awakened every morning by the sound of cannon fire, which his father used as a method to wake him up, akin to a modern alarm clock.

What was the significance of Brandenburg in the context of the Holy Roman Empire?

Brandenburg was located in the northeast corner of the Holy Roman Empire and was often referred to as the 'sandbox' of the Empire due to its sandy soil and its historical role during events like the Thirty Years' War.

How did Frederick William I contribute to the militarization of Prussia?

Frederick William I, known as the Soldier King, emphasized the importance of a strong military for state power, establishing Prussia as a militaristic society and focusing on discipline both in the army and among citizens.

What role did the nobility, particularly the Junkers, play in the Prussian state?

The Junkers were a class of service nobility who were integrated into the Prussian military and civil service. In exchange for their loyalty and service, they were allowed to maintain significant control over the peasants in their regions.

How did Frederick William I view the arts and culture?

Frederick William I banned forms of entertainment like comedies, operas, and ballets, viewing them as soft distractions that detracted from the discipline required to build a militaristic state.

What was the significance of the Prussian education system?

The Prussian education system was revolutionary as it established compulsory public education, which aimed to teach children not only literacy but also how to be good citizens and serve the state effectively.

How did the Fredericks manage religious diversity in Prussia?

The Fredericks practiced religious toleration, allowing various Protestant sects to coexist, which helped weaken the power of the state church and foster a sense of unity around the Prussian state rather than a single religion.

What were the characteristics of Prussia's military during the 18th century?

Prussia had the fourth largest army in Europe despite being the 12th largest country, with a high percentage of its population serving in the military, making it highly efficient and a model for other nations.

How did Frederick William I's personal beliefs influence his rule?

Frederick William I believed that successful rulers should lead a simple life without luxuries or mistresses, focusing instead on their duty to the state and military.

What did Frederick William I mean by stating that 'everything must be committed except eternal salvation'?

This phrase illustrates the extent of his control and authority over the state, emphasizing that all matters, except personal faith, were under his purview, reflecting the absolutist nature of his rule.