Thick Wall Pressure Vessels - Brain Waves.avi

purdueMET
24 Jan 201308:47

Summary

TLDRThis video explains the differences between thick-walled and thin-walled pressure vessels. It introduces key concepts, emphasizing that thin-walled vessels, like soda cans, have a wall thickness significantly smaller than their mean diameter, while thick-walled vessels, such as hydraulic cylinders, have comparable thickness. The speaker discusses the three types of stress present in these vessels: axial, radial, and hoop stress. Notably, axial stress remains constant through the thickness, while radial and hoop stresses vary. An example illustrates stress calculations, highlighting that thick-walled vessels behave differently due to stress variation across the wall, providing essential insights into pressure vessel design.

Takeaways

  • πŸ˜€ Thin-walled pressure vessels have wall thickness significantly smaller than the mean diameter, typically when the ratio of mean diameter to thickness is greater than or equal to 20.
  • πŸ˜€ An example of a thin-walled pressure vessel is a soda can, which has thin walls compared to its diameter and is under internal pressure.
  • πŸ˜€ Thick-walled pressure vessels have a wall thickness comparable to the mean diameter and are subjected to varying stress throughout their thickness.
  • πŸ˜€ Hydraulic cylinders and deep-sea submersibles are common examples of thick-walled pressure vessels.
  • πŸ˜€ Stress distribution in thin-walled vessels is constant across the thickness, simplifying calculations for engineers.
  • πŸ˜€ In thick-walled pressure vessels, axial, hoop, and radial stresses are calculated separately due to their variation with radius.
  • πŸ˜€ Axial stress remains constant throughout the thickness of the thick-walled pressure vessel.
  • πŸ˜€ Hoop stress varies with radius and is significantly influenced by internal pressure.
  • πŸ˜€ Radial stress at the inner wall equals the internal pressure, while the radial stress at the outer wall is influenced by external pressure.
  • πŸ˜€ Understanding the differences between thin-walled and thick-walled pressure vessels is crucial for safe and effective design in engineering applications.

Q & A

  • What is the main difference between thin-walled and thick-walled pressure vessels?

    -The main difference lies in the ratio of the mean diameter to the wall thickness. A pressure vessel is considered thin-walled if the mean diameter (D_subm) is at least 20 times the wall thickness (T). In contrast, thick-walled pressure vessels have a smaller ratio.

  • Can you provide an example of a thin-walled pressure vessel?

    -A common example of a thin-walled pressure vessel is a soda can. Its wall thickness is significantly smaller than its diameter, allowing it to withstand internal pressure.

  • What happens when a thin-walled pressure vessel is not pressurized?

    -When a thin-walled pressure vessel, like a soda can, is not pressurized, it becomes weak and can easily be deformed or ruptured.

  • What are some examples of thick-walled pressure vessels?

    -Examples of thick-walled pressure vessels include hydraulic cylinders and deep-sea submersibles, which are designed to withstand high external pressures.

  • What is meant by 'mean diameter' in the context of pressure vessels?

    -The mean diameter is defined as the average of the outer and inner diameters of the pressure vessel. It is used to determine the pressure vessel's classification as thin-walled or thick-walled.

  • What stress types are considered in thick-walled pressure vessels?

    -In thick-walled pressure vessels, there are three types of stresses to consider: axial stress, radial stress, and hoop (or circumferential) stress.

  • How do stresses behave in thick-walled pressure vessels compared to thin-walled ones?

    -In thick-walled pressure vessels, stresses in the radial and hoop directions vary through the thickness of the wall, whereas in thin-walled vessels, the stress is assumed to be constant throughout the thickness.

  • What relationship does radial stress have with internal and external pressures?

    -The radial stress at the inner wall of a thick-walled pressure vessel equals the internal pressure, while the radial stress at the outer wall equals the external pressure.

  • What is the formula for calculating hoop stress in thick-walled pressure vessels?

    -The formula for hoop stress involves variables like inner and outer radii, and internal and external pressures, and it typically varies depending on the location within the wall.

  • What are the implications of incorrect stress calculations in pressure vessels?

    -Incorrect stress calculations can lead to failure of the pressure vessel, resulting in leaks, ruptures, or catastrophic failures, which can be dangerous.

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Related Tags
Pressure VesselsEngineering BasicsMechanical EngineeringThick WallsThin WallsHydraulic CylindersStress AnalysisTechnical EducationIndustrial ApplicationsPhysics Concepts