Adult ADHD: Mayo Clinic Radio

Summary

In this episode of Mayo Clinic Radio, Dr. Tom Shives and ADHD expert Dr. Bob Wilford discuss adult ADHD, which affects about 4-5% of U.S. adults yet remains largely undiagnosed. Dr. Wilford explains that ADHD is a lifelong neurodevelopmental disorder, with symptoms evolving over time. While hyperactivity may decrease, impulsivity and emotional dysregulation often persist. The consequences of untreated ADHD can significantly reduce life expectancy by up to 13 years. Dr. Wilford emphasizes the importance of diagnosis and effective treatment options, including medication and lifestyle changes, to enhance the quality of life for those affected.

Takeaways

• 😀 ADHD affects around 4-5% of U.S. adults, translating to about 8 million individuals.
• 😲 Less than 20% of adults with ADHD are diagnosed or receive treatment.
• 🧠 ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder that individuals are born with, not a result of behavior or parenting.
• 🚸 Many children do not outgrow ADHD, contrary to previous beliefs that 50-60% would; only about 1 in 7 or 1 in 8 may truly outgrow it.
• 🔄 Adults with ADHD often cope with symptoms using strategies like lists and reminders but may still struggle with emotional dysregulation.
• 💔 Emotional dysregulation is a significant symptom in adults, causing sensitivity to perceived slights and mood swings.
• 😴 Adults with ADHD frequently experience sleep issues, leading to exhaustion and difficulty waking up in the morning.
• ⏳ Untreated ADHD can reduce life expectancy by an average of 7 to 13 years due to stress and associated health complications.
• 🔍 Diagnosing adult ADHD often involves evaluating current functioning and historical symptoms, as psychological testing is not always available.
• 💊 Treatment for ADHD is highly effective and includes medications that increase dopamine levels, along with non-medication strategies like counseling and exercise.

Q & A

What is ADHD and who does it affect?

ADHD, or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects both children and adults. Approximately 4-5% of U.S. adults, equating to about 8 million people, have ADHD.

Why is adult ADHD often overlooked?

Adult ADHD is often overlooked because many people are unaware of it as an adult condition, and less than 20% of affected adults are diagnosed or treated. Additionally, symptoms may be less visible in certain social circles.

Do adults with ADHD typically have a history of it as children?

Yes, by definition, individuals diagnosed with adult ADHD usually had symptoms as children. ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder that is present from birth.

Can children outgrow ADHD?

While some children may outgrow certain symptoms of ADHD, research shows that only about 1 out of 7 or 8 actually do. The majority continue to have symptoms into adulthood.

What are the main symptoms of adult ADHD?

In adults, the primary symptoms include emotional dysregulation, impulsivity, and trouble sleeping. Hyperactivity often fades with age, but emotional challenges can persist.

How does ADHD affect life expectancy?

Research indicates that untreated ADHD can significantly reduce life expectancy. Adults who never receive treatment may lose about 13 years of life due to associated health risks and stress.

Is diagnosing adult ADHD straightforward?

Diagnosing adult ADHD can be complex and often relies on the clinician's evaluation over multiple visits. There are not enough psychological testers available for comprehensive evaluations.

What types of treatment are available for adult ADHD?

Treatment for adult ADHD includes medication (both stimulant and non-stimulant options), counseling, and lifestyle changes like exercise and good nutrition. These approaches can be very effective.

What role does emotional dysregulation play in adult ADHD?

Emotional dysregulation is a significant symptom in adults with ADHD, leading to heightened sensitivity to perceived slights and emotional ups and downs that can disrupt daily life.

Why might adults with ADHD struggle with self-care?

Adults with ADHD may struggle with self-care due to difficulties managing complex tasks, which can result from their symptoms. This can lead to complications such as diabetes, which require regular management.