JEJAK SEJARAH PKI di Indonesia

Summary

This video explores the history and development of the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI). It traces the party’s origins from 1914, when Dutch socialist Henk Sneevliet introduced Marxism to Indonesia, to its influence over key figures in the Sarekat Islam. The PKI's role in various uprisings, including the 1926 rebellion and the 1948 Madiun Affair, is discussed, as well as its resurgence in the 1950s and the growing tension leading to the 1965 coup attempt. The video serves as a reminder of PKI's historical impact and ongoing latent threat.

Takeaways

• 📜 The Communist ideology was introduced to Indonesia in 1914 by a Dutch socialist named Henk Sneevliet, who founded the Indische Sociaal-Democratische Vereeniging (ISDV).
• 🛡️ In 1920, ISDV changed its name to the Perserikatan Komunis Hindia (Communist Union of the Indies) and appointed Semaun as its leader, causing a split in Sarekat Islam.
• ⚔️ By 1926, the PKI (Communist Party of Indonesia) launched radical uprisings in Java and West Sumatra, which led the Dutch colonial government to declare the party illegal.
• ⛏️ After Japan’s occupation and Indonesia’s independence, the PKI reemerged and became active again, with key figures like Musso returning from Russia in 1948.
• 💥 In 1948, the PKI staged a rebellion in Madiun, which was crushed by the Indonesian government, leading to the capture and death of Musso.
• 📰 In the 1950s, the PKI regained influence, participating in the 1955 elections and aligning itself with President Soekarno, eventually becoming one of Indonesia's major political forces.
• 📉 By the 1960s, the PKI had grown into one of the largest communist parties outside the Soviet Union and China, but its influence led to increasing opposition, especially from Islamic groups.
• 🪓 The PKI played a role in the 1965 attempted coup known as the G30S/PKI, during which six senior army generals were assassinated, leading to a military crackdown.
• 🚨 Following the failed coup, Soeharto's military forces decisively crushed the PKI, and the party was officially banned in 1966 under the MPRS decree.
• ⚖️ Even after the ban, remnants of the PKI continued to resist, particularly in Blitar, but by 1968, the Indonesian military had fully suppressed their activities, marking the final end of the PKI.

Q & A

Who introduced the communist ideology to Indonesia, and when?

The communist ideology was introduced to Indonesia by a Dutch socialist named Henk Sneevliet in 1914.

What organization did Henk Sneevliet establish in 1914?

In 1914, Henk Sneevliet established an organization with a Marxist orientation called the Indische Sociaal-Democratische Vereeniging (ISDV).

What event caused a split within the Sarekat Islam in the early 1920s?

The influence of communist ideology, particularly through figures like Semaun and Darsono, caused a split within the Sarekat Islam during the 1921 congress, creating factions known as 'Si Merah' (The Reds) and 'Si Putih' (The Whites).

When did the ISDV become the Communist Party of Indonesia (PKI), and who was its first leader?

The ISDV was transformed into the Communist Party of Indonesia (PKI) in 1920, with Semaun as its first leader.

What were the major PKI uprisings against the Dutch colonial government, and when did they occur?

The major PKI uprisings against the Dutch colonial government occurred in 1926 in Java and in 1927 in West Sumatra.

What led to the PKI's underground activities after 1927?

After the PKI's uprisings in 1926 and 1927, the Dutch government declared the PKI a banned organization, forcing it to go underground and engage in clandestine activities.

Who was Musso, and what role did he play in the PKI's history in 1948?

Musso was a PKI leader who returned from exile in Russia and led the 1948 PKI rebellion in Madiun, attempting to establish a revolutionary government. He was captured and killed in October 1948.

How did the PKI recover after the failed 1948 rebellion?

After the failed 1948 rebellion, the PKI reconstructed itself and grew significantly by 1950, eventually becoming one of the largest communist parties outside the Soviet Union and China.

What was the outcome of the 1955 Indonesian general election for the PKI?

In the 1955 Indonesian general election, the PKI became one of the four largest political parties in the country, alongside Masjumi, the Indonesian National Party (PNI), and Nahdlatul Ulama (NU).

What was the significance of the 1965 G30S/PKI movement?

The G30S/PKI movement, which occurred on the night of September 30, 1965, involved the PKI's assassination of six senior army generals, leading to a failed coup attempt. It marked the beginning of the PKI's downfall, as the Indonesian Army, led by General Suharto, retaliated and eventually disbanded the PKI.