Kommunismus, Sozialismus und Bolschewismus | Geschichte

MrWissen2go Geschichte | Terra X

31 Jan 201906:49

Summary

TLDRThe video script provides an insightful explanation of the concepts of Communism, Socialism, and Bolshevism. It begins by defining Communism as an ideal society where all means of production are communally owned, leading to an equitable distribution of goods. The script traces the historical materialist perspective of societal development, from primitive communism to class-based societies, and the eventual rise and fall of capitalism. Socialism is presented as a transitional phase towards Communism, characterized by the absence of private ownership of production means and central planning to prevent inequality. Bolshevism is identified as the radical extension of Marxist ideas by Lenin, leading to the Russian October Revolution and the establishment of a state and society based on Marxist principles. The summary also touches on the historical application of these ideologies, including the use of terror under Stalin and the divergence of the actual existing socialism from the original ideal. The script concludes by noting the diminished significance of Communism as a political idea and doctrine in contemporary times.

Takeaways

🌐 Communism is an ideal concept of a society where everything needed to produce goods is owned in common by all people.
📚 The term 'communism' comes from 'communis', which means common, aiming for a fair distribution of produced goods.
🏭 Industrialization allowed for an unprecedented production scale, but benefits were unevenly distributed, leading to calls for change.
📜 Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels advocated for the benefits of technological progress to be shared by all in their 'Communist Manifesto'.
🚫 They proposed the abolition of private property to ensure that all people have equal rights over the means of production.
🔧 Everyone should work according to their abilities and receive according to their needs, forming the basis of Marxism.
🇷🇺 Vladimir Lenin further developed Marx and Engels' ideas, leading the Russian October Revolution and aiming to build a communist society.
🔄 Historical Materialism, as outlined by Marx, suggests that societal development occurs through revolutionary ruptures, from primitive communism to class societies.
🏛 Socialism, as a stage preceding communism according to Marx, involves the state centrally planning production to prevent inequality and improve workers' conditions.
🛑 The Bolsheviks, led by Lenin, aimed to skip the capitalist phase and transition directly to socialism through a revolutionary approach.
⚫ The real existing socialism, as practiced in the Soviet Union and East Germany, often involved state terror and was far from the ideal envisioned by Marx and Engels.
🏗 The transition from socialism to communism, in theory, would result in a stateless, classless society where people work and share resources communally.

Q & A

What does the term 'Communism' ideally represent?
-Communism is an ideal concept of human society where everything needed for production is owned in common by all people, aiming for a classless society where goods are distributed fairly.
How did Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels envision the distribution of goods in a communist society?
-Marx and Engels proposed that the products of labor should be distributed equally among all members of society, with each person contributing according to their abilities and receiving according to their needs.
What is the concept of 'Socialism' as per Karl Marx's theory?
-Socialism, in Marx's theory, is considered a transitional stage towards communism. It involves the absence of private ownership of the means of production and centralized planning by the state to prevent the re-emergence of inequalities.
How did Vladimir Lenin contribute to the development of Marxist ideas?
-Vladimir Lenin further developed the ideas of Marx and Engels, leading the Russian October Revolution and restructuring Russian society and state according to Marxist principles with the aim of building a communist society.
What is the historical materialism according to Marx?
-Historical materialism is Marx's theory that societal development occurs through stages, marked by class struggles, and that these stages culminate in a revolution leading to socialism and eventually communism.
What was the main disagreement within the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party in 1903?
-The disagreement was about the path to achieving communism in Russia. While some believed in a gradual approach through a bourgeois revolution and the development of capitalism, Lenin and his followers, the Bolsheviks, aimed to skip this stage and transition directly to socialism.
What does the term 'Bolshevism' represent?
-Bolshevism is the radical development of Marxist ideas, leading to Marxism-Leninism. It represents a more aggressive approach to achieving socialism and communism, as implemented by Lenin and the Bolsheviks.
How did Lenin plan to implement socialism in Russia?
-Lenin believed that socialism could only be implemented through force, which led to the use of terror and the establishment of a totalitarian regime that eventually reached its peak under Stalin.
What was the role of the state in a socialist society according to the script?
-In a socialist society, the state plays a central role in planning and directing the economy and society, with the aim of improving the social and material conditions of workers and eliminating capitalists who live off their property without working.
How did the script describe the 'real existing socialism' in the German Democratic Republic (GDR)?
-The script describes the 'real existing socialism' in the GDR as far removed from the ideal envisioned by Marx and Engels, with state security enforcing terror and citizens being confined even within the Berlin Wall by their leadership.
What is the current significance of communism as a political idea and doctrine?
-The script suggests that communism, as a political idea and doctrine, is no longer as significant as it once was, indicating a decline in its influence on contemporary political thought and practice.
What does the script suggest for those interested in learning about other historical events?
-The script encourages viewers interested in other historical events to stay tuned to the channel, promising many more videos on various topics, and invites questions and engagement in the comments section.

Outlines

00:00

📚 Introduction to Communism, Socialism, and Bolshevism

This paragraph introduces the concepts of Communism, Socialism, and Bolshevism. It explains that Communism is an idealistic vision of society where all means of production are shared, as indicated by the Latin root 'communis' meaning common. The paragraph outlines the historical progression from primitive communism to class exploitation, slavery, feudalism, and eventually capitalism, where workers are exploited. Marx and Engels advocate for the benefits of technological progress to be shared by all, which involves the abolition of private property. They propose that everyone should work according to their abilities and receive according to their needs. The paragraph also discusses the role of Vladimir Lenin in further developing Marx's ideas and leading the Russian October Revolution to establish a society based on Marxist principles. It touches on the concept of historical materialism, which suggests that societal development occurs through abrupt changes, and outlines the stages leading to socialism, which is considered a precursor to communism. The state is expected to centrally plan production to prevent inequalities, improve workers' conditions, and eliminate the capitalist class. Finally, it describes the transition from socialism to communism, where states dissolve, conflicts are resolved democratically, and people share resources in solidarity.

05:03

🇷🇺 Bolshevism and the Russian Revolution

This paragraph delves into the specifics of Bolshevism, which is a radical extension of Marxist ideas to Marxism-Leninism. It describes the internal dispute within the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party in 1903, leading to the formation of the Bolsheviks, or the majority faction, under Lenin's leadership. The Bolsheviks aimed to achieve socialism without undergoing a capitalist phase, which was considered a prerequisite by Marx. The paragraph highlights the establishment of a vanguard party consisting of highly trained revolutionaries dedicated to the cause of the revolution in Russia. It also discusses the violent means Lenin used to enforce socialism, including the use of terror, which reached its peak under Stalin and led to the death of millions in the pursuit of a classless society. The paragraph concludes by reflecting on the reality of socialism as it existed in the German Democratic Republic (DDR) and the use of state security to exert control, including the confinement of citizens behind the Berlin Wall. It acknowledges the diminished significance of communism as a political idea and doctrine in contemporary times. The video concludes with an invitation for viewers to stay tuned for more historical events and to ask questions in the comments.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Communism

Communism is an idealistic vision of human society where all resources and means of production are owned collectively, aiming for an equal distribution of goods and services. In the video, it is described as an ideal where 'all the things that one needs to produce something belong to all people', reflecting the Latin root 'communis' meaning common or shared. It is the ultimate goal of a classless society as envisioned by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels.

💡Socialism

Socialism is presented in the video as a transitional stage towards communism. It involves the state centrally planning the economy and society with the aim of preventing the resurgence of class inequalities. The video explains that in socialism, 'there is no private property in the means of production anymore', and the state takes a central role in production and distribution to improve the social and material conditions of workers.

💡Bolshevism

Bolshevism is depicted as a more radical development of Marxist ideas, leading to Marxism-Leninism. It is associated with the Bolshevik party led by Vladimir Lenin, which sought to implement socialism in Russia without first experiencing a full capitalist phase, as Marx had theorized. The video describes the Bolsheviks as being impatient with the natural law of development towards communism and instead pursued a revolutionary path to achieve it.

💡Karl Marx

Karl Marx is a central figure in the video, known for developing the scientific theory of Marxism. Marx, along with Friedrich Engels, authored 'The Communist Manifesto', advocating for the benefits of technical progress to be shared by all. His work outlines a vision where 'everyone works according to their abilities and takes from the existing according to their needs'.

💡Vladimir Lenin

Vladimir Lenin is portrayed as the leader of the Russian October Revolution who further developed Marx and Engels' ideas. He is credited with restructuring Russian state and society according to Marxist principles, aiming to build a communist society. Lenin's approach is characterized by the formation of a vanguard party and the use of force to implement socialism, as detailed in the video.

💡Historic Materialism

Historic Materialism is a doctrine outlined by Marx, which explains that societal development occurs through abrupt transitions or revolutions. The video describes it as Marx's way of detailing how society evolves from primitive communism to class-based societies, eventually leading to capitalism and the potential for a socialist revolution.

💡Industrial Revolution

The Industrial Revolution is mentioned as a period of significant technological and economic change that greatly increased production capabilities. However, the video points out that despite this increase in production, the benefits were unevenly distributed, with some profiting more than others, leading to calls for a more equitable system as proposed by communism.

💡Class Struggle

Class struggle is a recurring theme in the video, reflecting the conflict between different social classes, particularly the bourgeoisie and the proletariat under capitalism. It is a core concept in Marxist theory and is the driving force behind the push for a communist society where such struggles are eliminated.

💡State Planning

State planning is a key aspect of socialism as described in the video, where the state takes on the responsibility of planning what is produced and how resources are allocated. This is in contrast to the free market of capitalism and is intended to prevent the re-emergence of social inequalities.

💡Dictatorship of the Proletariat

While not explicitly mentioned by name in the video, the concept is implied through discussions of Lenin's use of force and terror to implement socialism. It refers to the idea that the working class must rule as a dictatorship during the transition from capitalism to socialism, as a means to prevent the bourgeoisie from regaining power.

💡Solidarity

Solidarity is emphasized in the video as a principle of communism where people work together for the common good, sharing resources and supporting each other. It is depicted as a shift from competitive individualism to a cooperative society where 'everyone contributes what they can and takes what they need'.

Highlights

Communism is an ideal concept of human society where everything needed to produce goods is owned in common by all people.

Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels in 'The Communist Manifesto' call for the achievements of technical progress to be shared by everyone and the abolition of private property.

Marxism is the scientific theory developed by Karl Marx, advocating for equal access to the means of production and distribution of goods based on needs.

Vladimir Lenin further develops Marx and Engels' ideas and leads the Russian October Revolution to build a society according to Marxist principles.

Historical Materialism is Marx's theory that societal development occurs through revolutions, starting from primitive communism to class societies.

Socialism, according to Marx, is a transitional stage to communism, where there is no private ownership of the means of production and the state centrally plans production.

In socialism, the aim is to improve the social and material conditions of workers and to eliminate capitalists living off their property without working.

Lenin and his followers, known as the Bolsheviks, believe in skipping the capitalist stage and transitioning directly to socialism through revolution.

The Bolsheviks, as a vanguard party of professional revolutionaries, focus on achieving socialism in Russia through violent means if necessary.

Lenin's approach to enforcing socialism involved the use of terror, which reached its peak under Stalin, resulting in the death of millions for the idea of a classless society.

The real existing socialism in the DDR (East Germany) was far from the ideal envisioned by Marx and Engels, with state security also employing terror.

Communism as a political idea and doctrine is no longer as significant today, with the state dissolving in the transition to communism as per the theory.

Bolshevism is the radical further development of Marxist ideas into Marxism-Leninism.

The video provides a brief explanation of the terms communism, socialism, and Bolshevism, and their historical context and implications.

The speaker encourages viewers interested in historical events to stay tuned for more videos on the channel.

Questions and comments from viewers are welcomed, and the speaker thanks the audience for watching.