Bullying e inteligencia emocional. Marc Brackett, director del Centro de Inteligencia Emocional
Summary
TLDREl video aborda el problema del acoso escolar, destacando que un tercio de los niños en EE.UU. son víctimas. Se enfatiza que gran parte de este acoso no es detectado por los adultos. Con la tecnología, el problema se agrava, ya que el bullying en redes sociales alcanza a toda la escuela. Se critican las soluciones rápidas que adoptan las escuelas y se propone un enfoque basado en la educación emocional. Se recomienda que los adultos mejoren sus habilidades emocionales para ser modelos positivos para los niños, fomentando un entorno saludable y menos conflictivo.
Takeaways
- 😀 Un tercio de los niños en las escuelas son víctimas de acoso escolar, con entre un 20% y un 70% dependiendo de las circunstancias.
- 😢 El 70% del acoso escolar pasa desapercibido para los adultos porque los niños lo ocultan bien.
- 📱 El acoso ahora es más complejo debido a la tecnología, ya que las burlas en redes sociales pueden difundirse rápidamente.
- 🏫 Las escuelas suelen optar por soluciones rápidas contra el acoso, como programas de prevención que no logran cambiar el clima escolar.
- 🧠 El enfoque RULER, desarrollado durante 20 años, enfatiza el desarrollo de la inteligencia emocional en adultos y niños.
- 👨🏫 Las creencias sobre las emociones, como que los hombres no deben mostrar debilidad, necesitan cambiar para una sociedad más sana.
- 🎯 RULER se centra en reconocer, comprender, etiquetar, expresar y regular las emociones para mejorar la inteligencia emocional.
- 📉 Implementar correctamente RULER reduce la ansiedad y depresión en los estudiantes, mejorando el ambiente escolar.
- 👩🏫 Primero se trabaja en el desarrollo emocional de los adultos para que luego puedan enseñar estas habilidades a los niños.
- 👨👩👧👦 Los padres deben ser modelos a seguir en la gestión emocional, siendo científicos que exploran las emociones, no jueces que las invalidan.
Q & A
¿Cuál es la proporción de niños que son víctimas de bullying en las escuelas de los Estados Unidos?
-Un tercio de todos los niños son víctimas de bullying en las escuelas de los Estados Unidos.
¿Por qué muchos casos de bullying pasan desapercibidos para los adultos?
-Porque los niños son muy buenos para ocultar y hacer cosas en secreto, lo que hace que el bullying sea difícil de detectar.
¿Cómo ha cambiado el bullying con la tecnología?
-El bullying ahora puede llegar a todo el colegio gracias a las plataformas de redes sociales, como Instagram, lo que hace que el problema sea más amplio y visible.
¿Qué es lo que las escuelas suelen hacer para abordar el problema del bullying?
-Las escuelas suelen comprar programas de prevención del bullying con reglas para el entorno, pero estas reglas no cambian la cultura o el clima de la organización.
¿Qué es lo que se necesita para cambiar la cultura y el clima de una organización según el guion?
-Se necesita enseñar habilidades a las personas para que puedan cambiar la cultura y el clima de una organización.
¿Cuáles son los cuatro componentes clave del enfoque 'ruler' para la educación emocional?
-Los cuatro componentes clave son: mentalidades, habilidades, enseñanza de habilidades a los niños y apoyo a los adultos.
¿Por qué es importante que las personas crean que los sentimientos de los niños importan?
-Si las personas no creen que los sentimientos de los niños importan, no se preocuparán por su bienestar y esto puede llevar a una sociedad no saludable.
¿Qué significa el acrónimo RULER y qué habilidades emocionales representa?
-RULER representa las habilidades de inteligencia emocional, que son: reconocer emociones, ser consciente de ellas, entenderlas, expresarlas y regularlas.
¿Qué resultados se han observado en las escuelas que implementan el enfoque RULER?
-Se han observado mejoras académicas, disminución de ansiedad y depresión en los estudiantes, aumento en habilidades de liderazgo, menos burnout y mayor satisfacción laboral entre los maestros, y una disminución en el bullying.
¿Por qué es fundamental enfocarse en el desarrollo de los adultos antes de enseñar habilidades a los niños según el guion?
-Porque al ayudar a los maestros a desarrollar su inteligencia emocional, ellos pueden ser mejores modelos para los niños y enseñarles estas habilidades de manera más efectiva.
¿Cómo pueden los padres ayudar a sus hijos a desarrollar inteligencia emocional en casa?
-Los padres pueden ser modelos, ser científicos y no jueces de las emociones de sus hijos, y trabajar con ellos para que entiendan y regulen sus emociones de manera efectiva.
¿Por qué es importante enseñar habilidades de inteligencia emocional en lugar de solo terapia clínica?
-Porque la inteligencia emocional es parte del trabajo de vida, no solo de la terapia clínica, y ayuda a las personas a lidiar con los desafíos diarios y a lograr sus metas.
Outlines
📊 La prevalencia del bullying y su evolución con la tecnología
Un tercio de los niños en las escuelas estadounidenses son víctimas de bullying, una cifra que varía entre el 20% y el 70% dependiendo del contexto. Un problema importante es que el 70% de los casos no son detectados por los adultos, ya que los niños son expertos en ocultarlo. Hoy en día, la tecnología ha agravado el problema, ya que el bullying en redes sociales, como Instagram, amplifica su alcance a toda la comunidad escolar. Aunque las escuelas implementan reglas contra el bullying, estas no transforman la cultura ni enseñan habilidades necesarias para prevenirlo. Por ello, se necesitan programas más profundos que fomenten el desarrollo saludable de los niños desde una edad temprana.
🧠 Cambiando mentalidades sobre la importancia de las emociones en los niños
Para combatir el bullying y mejorar el desarrollo emocional de los niños, es necesario un cambio de mentalidad. Muchas personas no valoran cómo se sienten los niños, lo que refleja una falta de comprensión sobre sus derechos, como el derecho a sentirse seguros. A lo largo de la historia, como cuando no se les administraba anestesia a los niños en cirugías hasta mediados del siglo XX, se ha subestimado su capacidad de sentir dolor o emociones. Cambiar estas creencias es esencial para que tanto adultos como niños comprendan que todas las emociones son válidas y que sentir miedo, ansiedad o vergüenza no es una debilidad.
🛠️ Desarrollando habilidades de inteligencia emocional con RULER
El modelo RULER promueve cinco habilidades clave de inteligencia emocional: reconocer, entender, etiquetar, expresar y regular emociones. Enseñar a los niños y adultos a identificar y diferenciar sus sentimientos es crucial para gestionarlos eficazmente. A menudo, las personas no saben distinguir entre emociones similares como el enojo y la decepción, lo que dificulta su manejo. RULER ayuda a etiquetar las emociones para facilitar su regulación, mejorando el bienestar emocional de estudiantes y maestros y reduciendo el bullying en las escuelas que implementan este enfoque.
👨🏫 Impacto de RULER en maestros y escuelas
Los estudios muestran que al implementar RULER con fidelidad, se mejora tanto el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes como su bienestar emocional, mientras que los maestros experimentan menos agotamiento y mayor satisfacción laboral. El enfoque se centra primero en el desarrollo emocional de los adultos, ya que son ellos quienes enseñarán a los niños a gestionar sus emociones. Los resultados también indican que cuando los maestros mejoran su inteligencia emocional, los estudiantes se benefician más en el segundo año de implementación del programa.
👩👧 El papel de los padres en el desarrollo emocional de los hijos
Los padres deben ser modelos a seguir en la gestión emocional. Esto implica tener un buen vocabulario emocional, diferenciar entre emociones como el enojo y la disciplina, y expresar emociones de manera efectiva. Además, deben adoptar una actitud de 'científicos emocionales', curiosos por los sentimientos de sus hijos, en lugar de 'jueces emocionales' que los invalidan. Ayudar a los hijos a entender y regular sus emociones es fundamental para su bienestar.
🌱 Diferenciando la inteligencia emocional de la terapia clínica
La inteligencia emocional no es lo mismo que la terapia clínica. Mientras que la terapia trata problemas psicológicos, la inteligencia emocional enseña habilidades para manejar las emociones cotidianas y afrontar los desafíos de la vida. Sin embargo, estas habilidades no se enseñan formalmente en las escuelas, a pesar de ser esenciales para el éxito y el bienestar en la vida. La educación emocional debe ser parte fundamental de la formación académica.
👨👩👦 La influencia de los padres en la inteligencia emocional de los hijos
Muchas personas aprenden a lidiar con sus emociones de manera incorrecta a través de modelos deficientes en casa. Por ejemplo, algunos padres pueden responder con ansiedad o rigidez cuando sus hijos expresan emociones, lo que no enseña a los niños cómo manejar sus propios sentimientos. Cambiar la definición de éxito para incluir la toma de buenas decisiones y la construcción de relaciones positivas podría reducir la ansiedad y el estrés en la sociedad, promoviendo un desarrollo más saludable para todos.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Acoso escolar
💡Inteligencia emocional
💡RULER
💡Emociones
💡Entorno escolar
💡Cultura escolar
💡Redes sociales
💡Regulación emocional
💡Adultos como modelos a seguir
💡Científicos emocionales vs. Jueces emocionales
Highlights
About one-third of all children in schools are bullied, with the percentage ranging from 20% to 70% depending on circumstances and environment.
70% of bullying incidents go undetected by adults because children are skilled at hiding their actions.
The rise of technology, particularly social media, has transformed bullying. Instead of being limited to physical spaces like playgrounds, it now spreads rapidly online, affecting more students.
Schools tend to seek quick fixes, such as purchasing anti-bullying programs, but these programs don't change the underlying culture or teach essential skills.
The speaker's work focuses on supporting healthy children's development, which includes educating adults on what they need to do to support kids emotionally.
To prevent bullying, schools must implement long-term, complex models that start early in a child's development and adapt over time.
The RULER approach, developed over 20 years, focuses on four key components: mindsets, skills, emotional intelligence, and adult role modeling.
Mindsets play a crucial role, as not everyone believes children's emotions are important, and changing this belief is essential for a healthier society.
Historically, adults, including those in the medical field, didn't always recognize or prioritize children's emotions and pain.
One key challenge is eradicating the harmful belief that showing emotions, such as fear or anxiety, makes a person weak.
The RULER acronym stands for five key emotional intelligence skills: Recognizing, Understanding, Labeling, Expressing, and Regulating emotions.
Accurately labeling emotions is critical for effectively regulating them; this is summarized in the phrase 'name it to tame it.'
Implementing emotional intelligence education in schools leads to better student academic performance, reduced anxiety and depression, and improved leadership skills.
The approach begins by focusing on adult development before moving on to children, as teachers must be emotionally intelligent role models.
Parents play a vital role in modeling healthy emotional management for their children, and they need to become 'emotion scientists' rather than 'emotion judges.'
Transcripts
[Music]
[Music]
well what we know from research is about
a third of all children are bullied in
our nation schools and so that's a lot
you know one third of all children and
it goes from 20 percent to 70 percent
depending on the circumstances and the
environment but you know the tent the
charleen the challenge with bullying is
that about 70% of it goes undetected by
the adults in the environment because
kids are very good you know at hiding
you know and doing things secretly but
still it's a tremendous amount of kids
that are being bullied in now I think
it's even different because of
technology meaning that you know when
kids were making fun of me on the bus or
on the playground that's one thing very
painful but now when you're being
bullied and someone puts something on
Instagram or whatever it's social media
platform it is all of a sudden the
entire school knows about it so it's a
different space as well well
unfortunately schools like quick fixes
right so they buy programs for bullying
prevention that you know great rules for
the environment but rules are never
gonna change the way people believe
right they're not going to help shift
the culture and climate of an
organization they're not going to teach
people skills so really that's my whole
career has been really thinking through
what does schools need to do to support
healthy children's development meaning
what are the adults need to know what do
they need to be able to do to support
children's healthy development and then
what do we have to teach children in
order to prevent these problems from the
first place
[Music]
so it's a complex model it means that
you have to start as early as possible
and you have to keep going because life
changes and children's development
changes over time there are four kind of
pieces to a ruler which is the name of
the approach that we have built over the
last 20 years
the first is mindsets right do people
believe that how children feel matters
and the truth is not everybody really
cares about how kids feel even if you
think about in the medical space
it wasn't building yeah adults right
because adults are raising kids right
children have the fundamental right to
be safe in a school or a home that's
their right for being alive in this
world
interestingly enough you know if you
look at data you know people were
performing surgery on children without
giving them anesthesia until the middle
of the last century no if they didn't
believe their pain systems or as
developed as adults which is obviously
crazy so we have to shift our belief
systems about children and about
ourselves to like that how I feel
matters you know I'm a guy I'm not a
tough guy like my father wanted me to be
but you know I when I speak my about my
childhood oftentimes in my pain and my
bullying I have males who say to me
things like I would never even tell my
own child that I had bullying like you
had because my child would think I am
weak so he sets a belief system that
means that feeling fear or anxiety or
shame makes you lesser than and so we
have to eradicate that belief system
because it's just not true for human
beings who experience emotions and all
emotions matter and if we have beliefs
that you know men can't feel fear or
shame or anxiety and only anger we're
not going to have a healthy society nor
parents who are able to raise children
who are healthy the second is that we
have to develop the skills so we've
created an acronym that we use called
ruler which stands for the skills of
emotional intelligence
the first is recognizing emotions so
we're in this interview right now and
I'm looking at your facial expression
your body language and listen to your
tone of voice and I'm trying to make
meaning out of it right are you
interested in what I'm saying are you
judging what I'm saying you know we're
having a good time a bad time that's
part of life right you're doing that all
the time you're making meaning out of
your interactions and do we teach people
how to do that accurately I'll be
self-aware about like how am I feeling
right now my anxious am i comfortable in
my overwhelmed am i apprehensive what is
the feeling that I'm having right now do
I know why I'm having those feelings do
I know why you're having those feelings
to understand feelings so what I find in
my research is that people are not very
skilled and even labeling their feelings
so they can't tell the difference
between anger and disappointment for
example and so again what we find is
that people have not been taught this
they really haven't been taught to
differentiate you know disappointment
from anger or anxiety from fear and what
we say is that you have to name it to
tame it right it's a label it because by
labeling your feelings right it gives
you access to a way of thinking about it
that will help you regulate it
effectively so we've gotten to the are
the U and the L of emotional
intelligence the last two is expressing
and regulating emotions
yeah so what research shows is that when
schools do this work with quality and
high implementation fidelity I mean it
really do it and we see shifts in
students academics we see decreases in
student anxiety and depression increases
in their leadership skills for teachers
we show that there's less burnout
greater job satisfaction and for schools
we see just the environment feels more
positive and there's less bullying so
pretty good outcomes that we've seen
thus far and we continue to evaluate
ruler in different schools I should say
what our research is showing which is
interesting which is also aligned with
our model is that by focusing on the
adults first right you get the greatest
impact that you're one of doing ruler is
not teaching a curriculum in the
classroom it's the school thinking about
how do we support the adults who are
about to teach these skills to kids to
be those role models so we spend the
first year on adult development then we
move to child development and what we're
showing in our research is that actually
the first year we find teachers are less
stressed a little bit happier and then
the second year we find that that it
impacts the students so just as we would
expect it helping teachers develop their
emotional intelligence helps themselves
but also helps them to help kids I think
for families the first step is be the
role model right as the parent so test
your own emotional vocabulary do you
know the difference between anger and
discipline as a parent are you
comfortable expressing all emotions as a
parent and are you modeling effective
emotion management for your child are
you using healthy strategies to regulate
your own feelings and that's the
question that I think parents have to
ask themselves am I being a role model
for my child the second is that we have
to acknowledge that our children's
emotions are important and that we're
not going to be judges of those feelings
we're going to be scientists for our
kids instead of judges so I talk a lot
about this in my book that there are
parents and people who are emotion
scientists versus those who are emotion
judges right the scientist is open to
emotions as curious asks good questions
the judge is the teller of someone how
they're feeling right they don't really
care about feelings they just say
everything's good or bad when they don't
regulate well they just say this is who
I am get over it
whereas the emotion scientist says move
and do such a good job today I need to
ask better questions I need to use
better strategies so first is be the
role model
second become a scientist not a judge
and the third is you know you have to
work with your child to help them a
understand their feelings and then
regulate them effectively
well I think it's important to
distinguish like clinical therapy from
developing emotional intelligence right
because a lot of people think this is
clinical work and it's not it's life's
work well as you try to achieve your
goals in life you get frustrated you get
overwhelmed you get tired you get
anxious you're in a relationship things
go well some days things don't go well
other days
that's life you don't need hopefully
it's okay you just need to learn the
skills on how to deal with life and
we're not teaching that right now in our
schools we don't really provide an
emotion education right we provide math
science literature social studies
whatever it is exactly and the truth is
they're not learned through their
learned informally unfortunately many
people are not good at it so we learn
informally how to do the bad things I
mean let's face it you know my mother
god bless her she was a lovely woman and
she meant well but she did not know how
to deal with her emotions you know she
was very anxious I remember when I was
being bullied did she say things like oh
my goodness honey I can't believe you're
being bullied don't tell me everything
I'll have a breakdown and I would be
saying things like well I'm having and
then my father who was you know a very
tough guy he'd say son you toughen up
that's not teaching skills right that's
telling a kid who's not really a tough
guy who might not ever be a tough guy
not to talk about your feelings
so I think we have to broaden our
definition of what it means to be a
successful individual to being a good
decision maker to having positive
relationships to having well-being and
when we do that then maybe what we do
downstream right in our education system
will change and hopefully that will a
decrease the amount of stress and
anxiety in our nation and be you know
help all students develop the skills
they need to get through life
[Music]
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