¿Qué es la teoría clásica de la administración? Autores y características

Lifeder Educación

10 Jul 202119:12

Summary

TLDRThe script delves into the classical theory of administration, highlighting its origins in the late 19th century and detailing its focus on optimizing operations and increasing productivity. It outlines the theory's principles, including centralization, division of labor, and scalar chain, and acknowledges its limitations, such as ignoring human behavior and assuming a closed system. The script also introduces key figures like Frederick Taylor, Henri Fayol, and Max Weber, who contributed to the development of scientific management, administrative management, and bureaucratic administration, respectively.

Takeaways

📚 The classical theory of administration emerged in the late 19th century and emphasized the organization over the employees, viewing the enterprise as a machine with workers as its components.
🛠️ It aimed to optimize operations, increase productivity, and improve factory outcomes, which is still relevant for small manufacturing businesses today.
🔍 The theory began to decline after the rise of human relations thinking, which sought to better understand human motivation for productivity.
🏭 The need for a formal theory of administration grew from the industrial revolution, focusing on efficiency and large-scale organizational management.
🤔 Key thinkers like Frederick Taylor, Henry Fayol, and Max Weber contributed to the development of scientific management, administrative management, and bureaucratic administration theories.
📝 Fayol's 14 principles of management are highlighted, emphasizing universal application across various organizational types, functions, and sizes.
🔑 The classical theory is characterized by interrelated functions such as planning, organization, coordination, direction, and control within a centralized leadership structure.
👷‍♂️ Division of labor is a cornerstone principle, promoting specialization and efficiency by clearly defining each employee's duties.
📈 The scalar process from Taylor's scientific management establishes a hierarchy of command and responsibility, facilitating clear delegation and communication.
💰 The theory assumes that employees are primarily motivated by monetary incentives, influencing organizational practices related to rewards and recognition.
📉 However, the classical theory has its drawbacks, such as focusing too much on hierarchical structures and ignoring human behavior, which can lead to stress and limit creativity and new ideas.

Q & A

What is the classical theory of administration?
-The classical theory of administration is a set of similar ideas about the management of organizations developed in the late 19th century and gaining prominence in the early 20th century. It emphasizes the organization over the employees and views the enterprise as a machine with workers as its components.
What was the primary purpose of the classical theory of administration?
-The classical theory was designed to optimize operations, increase productivity, and improve the outcomes of factories, particularly in manufacturing settings where high productivity was essential.
How did the classical theory of administration view employees?
-In the classical theory, employees were seen as components or parts of the organizational machine, with a focus on their roles in contributing to the efficiency and productivity of the organization.
What are the three main streams of thought that developed the classical theory of administration?
-The three main streams are bureaucracy (Max Weber), administrative management (Henri Fayol), and scientific management (Frederick Taylor), each contributing different aspects to the overall classical theory.
Who are some representative figures of the classical theory of administration?
-Key figures include Frederick Taylor, known for scientific management; Henri Fayol, known for his 14 principles of administrative management; and Max Weber, known for his theory of bureaucracy.
What are the five functions of the classical theory of administration according to Henri Fayol?
-The five functions are planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating, and controlling. These functions are interrelated and interdependent.
What is the principle of the division of work in the classical theory?
-The division of work principle suggests that organizations should divide tasks clearly, assigning specific duties to each employee to achieve greater specialization and improved worker performance.
What is the scalar process in the context of scientific management by Taylor?
-The scalar process refers to the established hierarchy in an organization, providing a clear chain of command and a scale of duties according to the level of responsibility and authority.
What are the advantages of the classical theory of administration?
-Advantages include clear organizational hierarchy, efficient structure, easy understanding of division of labor, increased productivity through monetary rewards, and centralized decision-making by a single leader.
What are the disadvantages of the classical theory of administration?
-Disadvantages include a focus solely on hierarchical structures, ignoring human behavior, assuming organizations are closed systems, increasing pressure on employees, and restricting new ideas.
How did Frederick Taylor's scientific management approach contribute to the classical theory?
-Taylor's approach focused on work planning to achieve efficiency through standardization, specialization, and simplification. He introduced four principles applicable to all types of human actions, emphasizing the cooperative effort between management and workers using scientific methods.
What were Henri Fayol's contributions to the classical theory of administration?
-Henri Fayol contributed the 14 principles of administrative management based on his personal experience. He believed that these principles could be universally applied across all types of organizations.
What is Max Weber's perspective on bureaucracy in the context of the classical theory?
-Max Weber viewed bureaucracy as an objective and impersonal form of organization management, emphasizing the importance of a formal organizational structure with specific rules to achieve rational goals.

Outlines

00:00

📚 Introduction to Classical Management Theory

This paragraph introduces the classical theory of administration, highlighting its development during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It emphasizes the theory's focus on organization over employees, viewing the enterprise as a machine with workers as components. The goal was to optimize operations, increase productivity, and improve factory outcomes. Although less utilized today, it remains effective in small manufacturing firms. The paragraph also discusses the theory's origins during the Industrial Revolution and the emergence of new management ideas to address growing organizational complexity, leading to the development of scientific management, administrative management, and bureaucratic administration by thinkers like Frederick Taylor, Henri Fayol, and Max Weber.

05:01

🔧 Principles and Characteristics of Classical Management Theory

This section delves into the core principles and characteristics of classical management theory, which include interrelated functions such as planning, organizing, directing, and controlling. It discusses the centralized leadership structure based on Fayol's bureaucratic model, the division of work for increased specialization and efficiency, and the scalar process from Taylor's scientific management. The paragraph also outlines 14 basic principles of administrative management developed by Henri Fayol, which are applicable across various organizational types and sizes, emphasizing the importance of clear division of labor, authority, discipline, unity of command, and fair remuneration among others.

10:01

🏆 Advantages of Classical Management Theory

The paragraph outlines the advantages of the classical management theory, such as a clear organizational hierarchy with distinct administrative levels, efficient structure with specific tasks and delegated authority, easy understanding of job tasks, and increased productivity through monetary incentives. It also touches on the centralized decision-making process, which is beneficial for quick decisions in certain businesses or smaller organizations that rely on a single leader.

15:02

🔍 Disadvantages and Critique of Classical Management Theory

This section critiques the classical management theory for its focus on hierarchical structures and ignoring human behavior, treating people as mere organizational tools. It points out the theory's assumption of a closed system, unaffected by external influences, which is unrealistic given the dynamic modern business environment. The theory's emphasis on productivity can lead to increased pressure on employees, potentially causing stress and demotivation. Additionally, it restricts new ideas and concepts, limiting organizational growth.

👤 Key Figures of Classical Management Theory

The final paragraph discusses the key figures behind classical management theory, including Frederick Taylor, known as the father of scientific management, who emphasized work planning, standardization, specialization, and simplification. Henri Fayol is credited for his 14 principles of management, applicable universally. Lastly, Max Weber's theory of bureaucracy is highlighted, focusing on impersonal organizational management with a formal structure and specific rules, emphasizing the importance of bureaucracy for the rational achievement of organizational goals.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Classical Theory of Administration

The Classical Theory of Administration, also known as classical management theory, is a collection of ideas developed in the late 19th and early 20th centuries to optimize operations, increase productivity, and improve factory outcomes. It views the organization as a machine with workers as its components. This theory is foundational to the script's theme, illustrating the historical approach to management and its focus on efficiency and structure.

💡Scientific Management

Scientific Management, a concept introduced by Frederick Taylor, is a theory within the Classical Theory of Administration that focuses on the systematic study of work to improve efficiency and productivity. It is exemplified in the script through Taylor's principles, which aimed to replace intuitive management with scientifically defined methods.

💡Bureaucracy

Bureaucracy, as described by Max Weber, refers to a form of organization that is characterized by a clear hierarchy, division of labor, and a system of rules. In the script, bureaucracy is a key concept that highlights the structured and formalized approach to organizational management, emphasizing the importance of rules and impersonal authority.

💡Division of Labor

Division of Labor is a principle within the Classical Theory that suggests that by dividing work into specialized tasks, efficiency can be increased. The script mentions this concept as a way to enhance productivity by assigning specific tasks to employees based on their skills and specializations.

💡Span of Control

Span of Control refers to the number of subordinates that a manager can effectively supervise. The script discusses this concept in the context of Taylor's Scientific Management, suggesting that an optimal span of control is necessary for effective management and communication within an organization.

💡Hierarchy

Hierarchy in the script refers to the structured levels of authority within an organization, which is a fundamental aspect of the Classical Theory of Administration. It provides a clear chain of command and helps in defining roles and responsibilities, which is crucial for the organization's efficiency.

💡Centralization

Centralization is the concept of concentrating decision-making authority at the top of an organization. The script discusses this in relation to the Classical Theory, where decisions are made by a few leaders at the highest level and then communicated down the chain of command.

💡Delegation of Authority

Delegation of Authority is the act of entrusting the right to make decisions to lower levels of management. In the script, this concept is linked to the Classical Theory's emphasis on clear lines of authority and responsibility, allowing for efficient execution of tasks.

💡Human Relations Movement

The Human Relations Movement, which emerged after the Classical Theory, sought to understand human motivation to improve productivity. The script mentions this movement as a shift from the purely structural focus of the Classical Theory to a more human-centered approach to management.

💡14 Principles of Management

The 14 Principles of Management, developed by Henri Fayol, are a set of guidelines for effective organizational management. The script references these principles as universal to all types of organizations, emphasizing Fayol's belief in the importance of understanding and applying these principles for successful management.

💡Efficiency

Efficiency is a central theme in the script, particularly in the context of the Classical Theory of Administration and Scientific Management. It refers to the ability to produce the maximum output with the minimum input, which is achieved through the optimization of processes and the specialization of tasks.

Highlights

The Classical Management Theory is a set of similar ideas about the management of organizations developed in the late 19th century and early 20th century.

It emphasizes the organization over the employees, viewing the enterprise as a machine and workers as its components.

The theory was designed to optimize operations, increase productivity, and improve factory outcomes.

Though less used today, it remains effective in small manufacturing businesses.

The decline of the Classical Theory began with the emergence of human relations thinking, focusing on understanding human motivation for productivity.

The need for a formal administrative theory arose from the Industrial Revolution, emphasizing efficiency.

Frederick Taylor, Henry Fayol, and Max Weber are key figures who contributed to the development of the Classical Management Theory.

Their theories include Scientific Management, Administrative Management, and Bureaucratic Administration.

The theory is characterized by interrelated functions such as planning, organizing, coordinating, directing, and controlling.

Centralized leadership structure and division of labor are fundamental principles of the Classical Theory.

Fayol's 14 principles of management are universal and can be applied across all types of organizations.

The theory promotes clear hierarchical organization, efficient structure, and division of labor for increased productivity.

It assumes that employees are primarily motivated by monetary incentives.

Decision-making is centralized, with a few leaders making top-level decisions for the organization.

The Classical Theory has been criticized for focusing solely on hierarchical structures and ignoring human behavior.

It views humans as inert organizational tools and assumes organizations are closed systems unaffected by the environment.

The theory can increase pressure on employees due to its focus on productivity and performance.

It may stifle new ideas by adhering strictly to one correct way of performing tasks.

Representatives of the Classical Theory, such as Taylor, Fayol, and Weber, laid the groundwork for modern management structures.