HISTORIA DE LA MÚSICA PERUANA - INSTRUMENTOS

Summary

The video explores the significance of music in Inca culture, portraying it as a living entity that connected them with their gods and aided in war. Since the Incas lacked written records, much of what is known comes from chronicles and artifacts. Inca music was primarily pentatonic, and their instruments included wind, percussion, and aerophones like flutes and drums. Music played a key role in rituals, dances, and communication. Over time, the melancholic tone of Inca music deepened due to the impact of Spanish conquest, reflecting the pain of a defeated people.

Takeaways

• 🎵 The Incas viewed music as an integral part of their culture, believing it to be a living phenomenon with spiritual significance.
• 🌬️ Wind and percussion instruments dominated Inca music, which was heavily influenced by previous civilizations due to conquests.
• 📜 Despite the lack of a writing system, we can gather information about Inca music through chronicles and ceramic depictions.
• 🎶 Inca music was pentatonic (using the notes Do, Re, Mi, Sol, and La) and often performed in unison, with a simple, melancholic character.
• 🛡️ Music played an important role in warfare, communication with deities, and rituals, particularly during large festivals attended by high-ranking individuals.
• 🎺 Aerophones like flutes, quenas, and pututos (conch shell horns) were prominent in Inca music, with quenas often made from various materials including bones and ceramics.
• 🥁 Membranophones such as small tinya drums and larger huancar drums were made from animal skins and sometimes from the skin of defeated enemies.
• 🎉 Idiophones like rattles and metal bells were crucial in Inca dances, often attached to the body to maintain rhythm during performances.
• 🛖 The 'Yale' was a musical form used to express triumph and gratitude, while the 'Wine' combined poetry, music, and dance to portray themes of love and courtship.
• ❤️ Inca music, particularly after the Spanish conquest, became even more melancholic, reflecting the sorrow of a conquered people.

Q & A

What role did music play in Inca culture?

Music was an integral part of Inca culture, viewed as a living element that served various purposes, including communication with their gods and as a support during wars.

Why did the Incas view sound as something spiritual?

The Incas did not have a scientific explanation for the origin of sound and believed it to be a phenomenon influenced by spirits, which could assist them, especially during wars.

What sources of information do we have about Inca music?

Although the Incas did not develop a system of writing, information about their music comes from chronicles and artifacts such as ceramics, which depict the use of various instruments.

What types of musical instruments were predominant in the Inca Empire?

Wind and percussion instruments predominated in the Inca Empire. These included flutes, drums, and instruments made from natural materials like bones and reeds.

How did the Inca acquire musical instruments from other cultures?

The Inca Empire was formed through both peaceful conquests and wars, during which they inherited and refined musical instruments from other cultures over time.

What scale did Inca music predominantly use?

Inca music primarily used the pentatonic scale, which consists of the notes Do, Re, Mi, Sol, and La.

How did the Spanish conquest influence Inca music?

The Spanish conquest brought about a sense of melancholy in Inca music. The music began to reflect the sadness and oppression felt by the native population as a result of their subjugation.

What were some common aerophones used by the Incas?

Common aerophones included flutes made from reeds, bones, and ceramics, as well as the pututo, a conch shell instrument used for signaling during wars.

What role did membranophones play in Inca music?

Membranophones, like drums, were significant in Inca music. They were made from animal hides, and in some cases, the skin of defeated enemies was used for ceremonial purposes.

What types of musical forms existed in the Inca Empire?

The Incas had various musical forms such as the yale, a hymn for triumph and agriculture, and the jarabe, a lyrical song expressing love and emotions. The wine was a festive form of music combining poetry, music, and dance.