Anatomy of Female Reproductive System | Model

Summary

In this video, the speaker provides an in-depth explanation of the female reproductive system, focusing on various anatomical structures. It covers the mons pubis, uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes, and the different ligaments that support the uterus. The video also describes the external genitalia, including the labia, clitoris, and vestibular glands. Furthermore, it explains the function of the urethra, bladder, vagina, and anus, highlighting how these structures interact. The speaker emphasizes the physiological aspects of these organs, aiming to provide a comprehensive understanding of female anatomy.

Takeaways

• 🌟 The female reproductive system includes structures like the mons pubis, uterus, cervix, ovaries, and fallopian tubes.
• 🔎 The mons pubis is a fatty rounded region that may be covered with hair and is located at the anterior view of the reproductive system.
• 📍 The uterus has distinct parts: the fundus, body, isthmus, and cervix, each serving different functions.
• 👀 The ovaries contain ovarian follicles that produce female gametes (ova) which can be fertilized by sperm.
• 🤝 Ligaments such as the ovarian ligament, broad ligament, uterosacral ligament, and round ligament provide support and connection to the uterus and ovaries.
• 🌀 The fallopian tubes are crucial for transporting the ovum from the ovary towards the uterus and are the site of fertilization.
• 💧 The external genitalia consist of the labia majora, labia minora, vestibule, greater vestibular glands, and clitoris.
• 💪 The bulbospongiosus muscle and levator ani are skeletal muscles associated with the reproductive system.
• 🌱 The vagina is a short, distensible sheath lined with stratified squamous epithelium to resist friction and is where the fetus develops during gestation.
• 📉 The uterus is composed of the perimetrium, myometrium, and endometrium, which support the developing fetus and facilitate birth.
• 🌈 The vulva, or pudendum, encompasses the mons pubis, labia majora, labia minora, vestibule, greater vestibular glands, and clitoris.

Q & A

What is the mons pubis and what is its typical characteristic?

The mons pubis is a fatty, rounded region located at the anterior view of the female reproductive system. It is typically covered with hair, but the amount can vary depending on personal grooming habits.

What is the function of the ovary in the female reproductive system?

The ovary is responsible for producing and maturing ovarian follicles, which help in the production of female gametes, known as ova or eggs, with the intention of being fertilized by sperm cells.

What is the ovarian ligament and how does it connect to the uterus?

The ovarian ligament is a small, white structure that connects the ovary to the uterus. It is one of the ligaments that help support the uterus in its position within the pelvic cavity.

What is the broad ligament and what does it consist of?

The broad ligament is a large ligament that consists of two components: the mesovarium and the suspensory ligaments. It helps anchor the uterus to the pelvic wall laterally.

What is the purpose of the utero sacral ligament?

The utero sacral ligament, also known as the sacral uterine ligament, anchors the uterus to the sacral region, providing posterior support to the uterus.

What is the round ligament and its function?

The round ligament is a ligament that anchors the uterus anteriorly. It plays a role in maintaining the position of the uterus within the pelvic cavity.

How does the Fallopian tube facilitate fertilization?

The Fallopian tubes facilitate fertilization by capturing the secondary oocyte or ovum that is ejected from the ovary during ovulation. The fimbriae, finger-like projections at the end of the tube, help sweep the oocyte into the tube where fertilization can occur in the dilated region called the ampulla.

What are the labia majora and labia minora, and how do they differ?

The labia majora are the outer lips of the female genitalia, covered with hair, while the labia minora are the inner lips, typically hairless. Both structures form part of the vulva.

What is the function of the greater vestibular glands, also known as Bartholin's glands?

The greater vestibular glands, or Bartholin's glands, are responsible for producing mucus that lubricates the vestibule, the space within the labia minora.

What is the structure and function of the clitoris?

The clitoris is an erectile tissue rich in nerve endings and blood vessels. It contains a corpus cavernosum and is covered by a skin fold called the prepuce. It can become engorged with blood in response to sexual stimulation.

What is the difference between the internal and external anal sphincters?

The internal anal sphincter is made up of smooth muscle and is under involuntary control, responsible for reflexive contractions to evacuate feces. The external anal sphincter is skeletal muscle under voluntary control, allowing conscious control over bowel movements.

Outlines

00:00

👩‍🔬 Anatomy of the Female Reproductive System

This section provides an overview of the female reproductive system from an anterior view. It starts with the mons pubis, a fatty region covered with hair in some individuals. It also identifies parts of the bladder, uterus, and ovaries. The uterus has distinct sections: the fundus, body, isthmus, and cervix. The ovary is connected to the uterus by the ovarian ligament and the broad ligament, which includes the mesovarium and suspensory ligaments. Other ligaments like the uterosacral and round ligaments are discussed in terms of their role in supporting the uterus.

05:01

🧬 Fallopian Tubes and the Ovulation Process

This paragraph focuses on the Fallopian tubes, highlighting the fimbriae, which are finger-like projections that help move the ovum during ovulation. The ovary releases a secondary oocyte, which is caught by the fimbriae and transported into the Fallopian tubes. Fertilization typically occurs in a region called the ampulla, and the tube continues into the uterus through the isthmus. The different structures involved in transporting the egg are explained.

10:02

👄 External Female Genitalia: The Labia and Glands

Here, the focus shifts to the external genitalia, specifically the labia majora and labia minora, which are the outer and inner lips. The labia majora is covered with hair, while the labia minora is hairless. The vaginal orifice and vestibule are briefly mentioned. The paragraph also introduces the greater vestibular glands (Bartholin glands), which secrete mucus into the vestibule. The surrounding skeletal muscles, such as the bulbospongiosus and levator ani, are also discussed.

15:05

🔬 Internal View of the Female Reproductive System

This section delves deeper into the internal view of the female reproductive system. It covers the urethra, which is shorter in females, and the muscles around it, such as the external urethral sphincter and the detrusor muscle of the bladder. The bladder's anatomy is described in detail, including the mucosa and transitional epithelium. The trigone, a triangular area formed by the ureter orifices and the internal urethral sphincter, is explained. The paragraph ends with a description of the pubic symphysis.

🌸 The Structure of the Vagina and the Cervix

This paragraph provides an in-depth look at the vagina, which is short but highly distensible. The vaginal mucosa, made of stratified squamous epithelial tissue, resists friction. The vaginal fornix, a smiling-arch structure, and the cervix are introduced. The section then moves on to the layers of the uterus: the perimetrium, myometrium, and endometrium, which each serve specific functions during gestation and birth. The uterine cavity, where the fetus develops, is briefly described.

🚪 The Anal Canal and Its Sphincters

This part of the script focuses on the anal canal and the muscles that control defecation. It explains the internal anal sphincter, which is made of smooth muscle and involuntary, and the external anal sphincter, which is skeletal muscle and under voluntary control. The paragraph humorously emphasizes how these muscles help prevent accidents by maintaining control over bowel movements.

🔍 Overview of the Vulva and External Genitalia

The final paragraph offers a summary of the components of the vulva (or pudendum), including the mons pubis, labia majora, labia minora, vestibule, and the greater vestibular glands. It also mentions the clitoris, which contains erectile tissue and is surrounded by a skin fold called the prepuce. The external genitalia are described as a collective part of the vulva, concluding the anatomical overview.

Keywords

💡Mons Pubis

The mons pubis is the fatty, rounded region located at the front of the female pelvis, typically covered with hair. In the video, it is mentioned as the first visible structure from an anterior view, emphasizing its external position in the female reproductive system. It serves as a cushion during intercourse and is part of the vulva.

💡Uterus

The uterus is a hollow, muscular organ where a fertilized egg implants and grows during pregnancy. The video explains its different parts, including the fundus (upper part), body (central part), and cervix (lower part). The uterus plays a central role in menstruation, pregnancy, and childbirth.

💡Ovary

The ovary is a female reproductive organ responsible for producing eggs (ova) and hormones such as estrogen and progesterone. In the video, it is described in detail along with its connection to the uterus through the ovarian ligament. The ovary also contains ovarian follicles, which mature into eggs for fertilization.

💡Broad Ligament

The broad ligament is a wide sheet of tissue that supports the uterus, ovaries, and fallopian tubes within the pelvis. In the video, it is divided into two parts: the mesovarium (which connects to the ovaries) and the suspensory ligaments. This ligament plays a key role in anchoring the reproductive organs.

💡Fallopian Tubes

Fallopian tubes are the passageways that connect the ovaries to the uterus. In the video, they are described as the site where fertilization typically occurs, particularly in the ampulla, a dilated region. The fimbriae, finger-like projections, help guide the released egg into the tube.

💡Fimbriae

Fimbriae are small, finger-like projections at the end of the fallopian tubes that help catch the egg during ovulation and guide it into the fallopian tube. The video highlights their role in moving the egg toward the ampulla, where fertilization is most likely to occur.

💡Endometrium

The endometrium is the inner lining of the uterus, composed of simple columnar epithelium, where a fertilized egg implants. In the video, it is explained as part of the uterine cavity and the layer that thickens during the menstrual cycle to prepare for pregnancy. If no pregnancy occurs, the endometrium sheds during menstruation.

💡Labia Majora and Labia Minora

The labia majora are the outer folds of skin around the vaginal opening, typically covered in hair, while the labia minora are the hairless inner folds. In the video, they are part of the external genitalia or vulva, forming the boundary of the vestibule, the space that houses other structures like the vaginal orifice.

💡Clitoris

The clitoris is a small, sensitive erectile structure of the female genitalia, rich in nerve endings and involved in sexual pleasure. The video describes it as erectile tissue similar to the male penis, capable of engorgement during sexual stimulation. It is surrounded by a protective fold of skin called the prepuce.

💡Vagina

The vagina is a muscular, tubular part of the female reproductive tract that extends from the external genitalia to the cervix of the uterus. The video emphasizes its role as a distensible organ lined with stratified squamous epithelium to resist friction. It serves as the birth canal during childbirth and a passage for menstrual flow.

Highlights

Introduction to the female reproductive system from an anterior view.

Explanation of the mons pubis, a fatty rounded region that may be covered with hair.

Description of the uterus anatomy, including different parts: fundus, body, isthmus, and cervix.

Overview of the ovaries and their function in producing female oocytes.

Introduction of the ovarian ligament, connecting the ovary to the uterus.

Detailed explanation of the broad ligament and its components: mesovarium and suspensory ligaments.

Overview of other uterine ligaments: utero-sacral ligament and round ligament.

Description of the fallopian tubes, focusing on the fimbriae, infundibulum, ampulla, and their roles in fertilization.

Explanation of the external genitalia: labia majora and labia minora, covered with hair and hairless respectively.

Introduction of the clitoris, its structure, and function as erectile tissue.

Overview of the vestibular glands and their role in secreting mucus for lubrication.

Description of the vagina, its structure, and how it connects to the cervix and uterus.

Explanation of the internal structures of the uterus: perimetrium, myometrium, and endometrium layers.

Detailed discussion of the bladder and its muscular structure, including the detrusor muscle.

Highlight of the anal canal and its sphincter muscles: internal and external anal sphincters.

Transcripts

all right engineers in this video we're

going to talk about the female

reproductive system all right so if you

guys look here we're going to look at

this from the anterior view this right

here this fatty rounded region right

here is called the mons pubis okay and

it's usually got going to be covered

with hair might not be within all people

right you know but depending upon how

much Landscaping they do around that

area but anyway uh this is going to be

the mons pubis okay the fatty rounded

region there now let's actually come

backwards so that we can see a couple

structures back here so if you guys look

back here you're going to see this right

here this is actually the top part of

the bladder right here so this is

actually going to be the bladder okay so

the top Superior part of the bladder a

lot of connective tissue right above

above it right now right here you're

going to see the uterus okay now there's

different parts of these we'll see a

better view of it in another model maybe

in a little bit in here but you're going

to see this part here is actually going

to be called the fundus of the uterus so

this fat rounded reg right here is

called the fundus of the uterus this

part right here is kind of like the body

of the uterus okay the body of the

uterus and then you'll actually see that

we have another part here called the

isas of the uterus we'll see that later

and at the bottom we have the cervix of

the uterus so there's actually different

parts of the uterus there's the fundus

of the uterus the body of the uterus the

ismus of the uterus and then there's

What's called the cervix of the uterus

it's not really well seen on this model

we can see it in another model I'll show

you guys okay now next thing is I'm

going to turn it here a little bit and I

want you guys to see another structure

here so if you see here this is actually

the ovary okay this is the ovary in the

ovary you have ovarian follicles that

are basically maturing and helping to

produce What's called the female oyes in

the ovam which would hopefully the

design is to be fertilized by some type

of sperm cell right so again that's the

ovary now the ovary is connected to the

uterus through this ligament right here

let me actually bring it right here you

can kind of see the ligament right there

that white little structure right there

that is called the ovarian ligament okay

it's called the ovarian ligament and the

ovarian ligament is actually going to be

connecting the ovary to the uterus now

there's another ligament and it's pretty

much all of this all of this part in

here it's a very very huge ligament it's

actually made up of two components one

is actually called the mesovarium and

the other part is the suspensory

ligaments all of this right here is

called the broad ligament okay so all of

this right here is called the broad

ligament it's made up of the mesovarium

and the suspensory ligaments okay so now

we saw the ligaments we saw the ovarian

ligament we saw the actual broad

ligament there's a ligament back here

which is anchoring the uterus to the

sacral region right and this is actually

called the utero sacral ligament or the

sacral uterine ligament it's whichever

one you can interchange them okay so

this ligament back here which is

anchoring the uterus to the sacral part

is actually going to be the utero sacral

ligament or the sacral uterine ligament

okay so so far which ligaments do we

have right now we have the ovarian

ligament we have the broad ligament and

then we have the uterosacral ligament

okay one more ligament here and this is

actually going to be right here this

ligament right there this ligament right

here is actually going to be

specifically called the round ligament

okay it's called the round ligament now

the round ligament is important because

what the round ligament does it actually

anchors the uterus anteriorly okay

uterosacral ligament anchors the uterus

posteriorly and then the actual

suspensory ligaments and the mesovarium

is actually making up the part of the

broad ligament which helps to Anchor it

laterally all right and then again you

saw the ovarian ligament which is

anchoring the ovary to the uterus all

right sweet deal and again we said that

we had different parts of the uterus the

fundus of the uterus the body of the

uterus the isas of the uterus we had the

CICS of the uterus we'll see that again

on another

model all right so next thing is

actually going to be the fallopian tube

so if you look here see these little

finger like projections here it's called

the F of the Fallopian tubes okay so

they're important because whenever we

get close to the ovulation uh point

Point what happens is the U ovary is

going to eject what's called a secondary

oite in metaphase 2 into the fallopian

tubes and the femra actually kind of

stiffen and help to sweep across the

surface of the ovary to move the oite

towards the Fallopian tubes and they

catch the actual secondary oite or that

ovom that we're going to be trying to

fertilize now right back here there's a

dilated region so there's this dilated

region um that we actually have of

specifically the Fallopian tubes it's

called the ampula of the Fallopian tubes

so it's a dilated region now it's hard

to see in this one but you actually have

What's called the infundibulum of the

Fallopian tubes so it's kind of like the

stock by which the fingers are coming

off so if you imagine here's the febre

whatever is holding on so like this

actual stock likee portion here it's

really hard to see it but it's actually

going to be kind of like a little stock

like portion called the infundibulum

that actually the little f bra dangle

from but then a little bit behind that

there's this dilated region called the

ampula okay and that's where

fertilization occurred okay so fim the

Fallopian tubes are connected to a stalk

likee structure called the infundibulum

and then back behind that is going to be

the ampula the Fallopian tubes which is

a dilated region where the uh

fertilization reaction occurs okay and

then the Fallopian tubes will continue

downwards and go into the uterus through

What's called the isas of the Fallopian

tubes which you can't see here but we

will see on another model all right so

we're going to look at one more thing

before we go internal to see some of the

other structures here so remember this

is the mons pubis what we're going to

have here is we're going to have these

things called labia or lips right right

here is the outer lip Okay so this is

the outer lip which is actually covered

with hair so it's called the labia

majora there's another one inside which

is called the labia manora which is

supposed to be not having any here okay

and you can kind of see here if I stick

this in there that's actually called the

external uh you'll actually I'm sorry

the vaginal orifice you actually see the

vaginal orifice we'll see that here in a

second all right so I'm just turning it

on its side a little bit so you guys are

just looking at the side over here okay

okay before we had it anteriorly so the

monp this was back here we're going to

be looking at it on the side over here

so right here you're going to have this

gland it's called the greater vestibular

glands or the barlin glands and they're

responsible for producing a mucus that

resides in a little space within the

labium manur called the vestibule okay

we'll talk about that but again this is

going to be the greater vestibular

glands of the barthon glands and then

just kind of covering them over them is

a special skeletal muscle called the

bulbo spongiosis muscle okay so we would

actually have the bulb spongiosis muscle

if you want I can turn it over here so

you can actually see the muscle it's

right there okay and then there's

another muscle right here called the

levator Ani okay all right so now what

we're going to do is we're going to look

at some of the structures internally all

right so now we're taking a look

internally here so if you guys can

remember we had this was right here the

labia major the outer skin fold here and

this is the labium manora the inner skin

fold labium Majora has hair labium

manora no hair now there's a little

space in here that we call the vestibule

so that space is in the labium manora is

called the vestibule and again there was

the glimp called the greater barin

glands or the VES I'm sorry the greater

vestibular glands or the barland glands

that were secreting mucus into this

vestibule area okay now anterior over

here you're going to see this structure

right here this is actually erectile

tissue this is actually called the

clitoris okay so the clitus is actually

a rectile tissue so it has Corpus

cavernosum in it that makes it up and

it's actually riddled with a lot of

blood vessels and it actually has a

little skin fold wrapping around it

called the prepost which is basically

like forkin that's WRA wrapping around

this actual clitoris here okay and it's

rich with a lot of nerve fibers so under

tactile stimuli or ttra erotic stimuli

this could be activated and it can fill

with blood and become engorged all right

so again labium maora labium anur hair

hairless vestibule clitoris all right as

we work our way upward superiorly we're

going to run to this next part here

remember this structure we talked about

in the male reproductive system that we

had this thing called the eurogen

diaphragm which was made up of the

external urethr schiner which is this

tiny little muscle here and then there's

another muscle called The Deep

transverse perennius that makes that up

okay right here you're going to see that

the female urethra is a lot smaller a

lot I'm sorry a lot shorter as compared

to the male the male has three

components of the urethra The Prost

prostatic the membranous and the sponge

or penile while the female has just a

straight urethra here okay so this is

the female urethra and again external

Ure shter is made up of skeletal muscle

and is controlled by the sematic nervous

system so we have voluntary control over

this guy so thank goodness it prevents

us from peeing our pants okay so again

urethra external urethra shter then as

we go upwards we're going to get over

here to the actual bladder and the

bladder is made up of a very very very

thick muscle here this pinkish part here

called the det trusser muscle it's

called the det trusser muscle and it's

also going to be part of the muscularis

external which is the muscle layer that

basically contracts to expel the urine

from the bladder inside of the bladder

you're going to have What's called the

mucosa which has a lot of like ruge

which a lot of these little fat little

lumps in there and the rug is basically

trying to increase the surface area now

if you remember the mucosa is made of an

epithelium called transitional

epithelial tissue which is very good at

being able to stretch and distend as

urine accumulates in the bladder then

you it's really hard to see but you have

two holes inside of the bladder one is

going to be from the right urer and one

will be from the left urer they're

little holes so they call them the urer

orifices so let's imagine that this one

here would be a left uror orifice and

then there would be a right uror orifice

and then the urethra form like a

triangular structure it's called the

trigone okay so the trigone is made up

of the both the UR urer orifices and the

urethra and the internal urethro schiner

which is a little patch of smooth muscle

right here about in this area it's going

to to constrict the uh urethra and make

the nice little triangular structure

called the trigone okay that covers that

and just for those of you who want this

is actually the pubic symphysis which is

made up of fibrocartilage all right cool

now we're going to come back here now

we're going to come back here and we're

going to enter into the vagina or the

sheath now the vagina is really short

it's actually only about 3 to 4

centimeters long but it's very very

distensible okay so looking at this guy

you're going to see that the vagina is

actually going to make it be mucosa

layer is made up of a stratified

squamous epithelia tissue to resist

against friction and abrasion okay then

as we move our way up through the vagina

you're going to see a little smiley face

you see it see this vagina smiling at

you this is called the fornex okay so

the fornex is these little arches here

okay and it basically forms What's

called the external Oz and the internal

o we're not going to talk about that

here because it's really hard to see

from this view but again V vagina or

sheath and it's going to have an

epithelia made up of stratify squ famous

it has a lot of elastic tissue on the

outer parts and then again we're going

to have the Forex and that's going to be

the Arches here okay the smiley face

then at the edge here if I imagine I'm

poking imagine I'm poking this part here

of the uterus this right here is called

the cervix of the uterus okay so I'm

poking this part of here this is called

the cervix of the uterus now what I'm

going to do is we'll actually hit a

couple more things here so we can see it

uh but I'm going to take this piece off

here in a second because it can actually

get removed and we can see inside of the

uterus all right so let's go ahead and

do that for first all right so now what

we're going to do is we're going to take

a look at this kind of like the layering

of the uterus so outside the outer

covering of the uterus the outer

covering of the uterus is actually

called the perimetrium okay so it's

called the perimetrium it's actually

made up of a nice um simple squamous

epithelial tissue with a little bit of

aerial or connective tissue so it's

called the perimetrium now what I'm

going to do is so you can see inside

here I'm going to take this little piece

off here so we can see inside all right

so looking here you're going to notice

this nice smooth muscle layer nice

little muscular layer right here this

whole part here this is actually called

the myometrium and again the myometrium

is made up of a nice smooth muscle it's

good for the contractions of the uterus

okay during the actual expulsion process

during whenever you're trying to give

birth all right and then in here you're

going to have the uterine cavity so this

is the uterine cavity that's where the

actual fetus will stay during the

gestational period right so again that'

be the uterine cavity now the uterine

cavity is lined by this actual simple

colonar epithelial tissue called the

endometrium okay the endometrium and

again the endometrium is going to be a

simple columnar layer here lining the

actual uterine cavity so again

endometrium simple columnar epithelia

tissue lining the uterine cavity

myometrium is the actual smooth muscle

layer and then just to finish it off

again if I put this piece right back

here on

again this is going to be the

perimetrium and that's going to be again

simple squamous epithelia tissue with a

little bit of aerola connected tissue

all right so now let's go ahead and look

at some other structures here and back

in that normal view we had before all

right so just for the heck of it I

thought we'd throw this in there since

we did it with the male reproductive

system again this is going to be the

anal Canal here okay you're going to see

these little anal sinuses just these

little grooves right there and then

you're going to have two muscles here

surrounding the anal Canal the act the

most uh lower part of it right here this

is going to be What's called the

internal anal sphincter 50 okay and

basically what this muscle in again you

can see it kind of like right here too

so that's actually going to be the

internal Anish spincter internal Anish

spincter this is actually made up of

smooth muscle so it's under involuntary

control when this muscle contracts it's

going to try to start producing the

actual uh reflexive activity to want to

release or Evacuate the BS BS right now

who's preventing you from you know

restocking the lake with brown trout

right at that point time it's going to

be number 51 which is going to be called

the external anal spincter this is

skeletal muscle and it's under voluntary

control this is the guy that's holding

the fort down preventing you from going

into your pants right he was going to

wait for the the appropriate opportunity

the appropriate time you have conscious

control over this guy okay so again 51

is the external anal fanter he's under

uh somatic control or voluntary control

because he's skeletal muscle 50 is the

internal anal fanter which is smooth

muscle okay this guy will contract

whenever the reflexive activities are

occurring because of the stretching of

the rectum and then the external an fter

you have voluntary control over to

determine when you want to go ahead and

you know paint the town Brown all right

guys so to finish finish off here I just

want to highlight one last thing that's

kind of hard to point out from

everywhere it's it's kind of like a

large area it's called the Volva or the

penum it's consisting of a lot of

different parts of the external

genitalia so to kind of list them off in

an order we're going to say that one

part of the vulva or the pudendum is

called the mons pubis another part is

called the labia majora another one is

called the labia minora then there's

this space inside of the labia minora

called the

vestibule and then there's glands called

the greater vestibular glands or the

barlin glands that are actually

secreting that mucus into that vestile

they're also another component of the

vulva or the pudendum and then um we're

also going to have the clitoris okay and

if you remember the clitoris is the

erectile tissue which is surrounded by a

little uh skin folds laal skin folds

which is called the prepo okay those are

the main components of the Volva or the

pendum all right engers in this video we

covered a lot of information I hope it

all made sense I really hope that it

helped and I hope you guys enjoyed it if

you guys did please hit the like button

comment down in the comment section and

as always please subscribe all Engineers

as always until next time