Clasicismo griego

Wayraeduca

3 Jan 201703:37

Summary

TLDRThis video explores the characteristics and periods of ancient Greek classical literature, considered the first universal literary movement in the Western world. It is marked by myth-inspired works, inevitable fate, and a pursuit of beauty through harmony. The script delves into the four periods: the archaic, classical, Hellenistic, and Latin, highlighting key figures like Homer, Hesiod, and playwrights of tragedy and comedy. It emphasizes the enduring influence of Greek literature on Western culture, with Virgil's 'Aeneid' exemplifying its impact.

Takeaways

🏛️ Classical Greek literature is considered the most important of the 5th century BC and is part of the first universal literary movement in the Western world, influencing Greece and Rome during antiquity.
📚 The works are inspired by myths, often revolving around the Trojan or Theban cycle, with an inevitable sense of fate, exemplified by the story of Oedipus who is destined to kill his father.
🎨 Greek classical literature seeks beauty through harmony between form and content, with different styles suited to different genres such as epic, tragedy, and comedy.
📜 It has a didactic purpose, aiming to instill values, and is rational, with characters and gods driven by motives and reasons rather than miracles.
🧍‍♂️ Anthropomorphic elements are present, with characters, including gods, possessing human qualities such as the need for sustenance and psychological depth.
📅 Greek classical literature can be divided into four periods: the Archaic (Ionic), the Classical (Attic), the Hellenistic (Alexandrian), and the Latin period.
🎵 The Archaic period is characterized by oral and verse texts, with notable works like 'The Iliad' and 'The Odyssey' attributed to the possibly mythical Homer.
🏛️ The Classical period saw the Persian Wars, with Greece's victory solidifying its hegemony in the West, and is known for the tragedies of Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides, and the comedies of Aristophanes.
🎭 The Hellenistic period is marked by the decline of classical Greece and the rise of Roman power, with notable figures such as Menander and Theocritus.
🏟️ In the Latin period, despite Rome's dominance, Greek culture continued to influence, with Virgil writing the epic 'Aeneid' to give Rome its own Trojan cycle, commissioned by Emperor Augustus.
📝 Lyric poetry also flourished, with notable poets like Horace and Ovid emerging during the Latin period.
🌟 The significance of ancient Greek literature lies in its profound and lasting influence on Western and universal literature.

Q & A

What is the significance of Greek classical literature in the context of world literature?
-Greek classical literature is considered by the canon as the most important of its time and is defined as the first current of universal literature that developed in the West, in Greece and Rome, during the Ancient Age.
What are the main characteristics of Greek classical literature?
-Greek classical literature is characterized by its inspiration from myths, stories revolving around the Trojan or Theban cycle, the inevitability of fate, the pursuit of beauty through harmony between form and content, a didactic purpose, rationality, and anthropomorphism.
Why is the story of Oedipus significant in Greek classical literature?
-The story of Oedipus is significant because it exemplifies the theme of inevitable fate, as he is destined to kill his father, which ultimately happens despite the twists of the plot.
How does the style of Greek classical literature vary according to its genre?
-The style of Greek classical literature is determined by the theme, with the epic requiring elevated language, tragedy requiring solemn language, and comedy requiring colloquial language.
What is the 'Homeric Question' and why is it relevant?
-The 'Homeric Question' refers to the debate over whether both the 'Iliad' and the 'Odyssey' were written by Homer, which is relevant because there is doubt about Homer's existence and the authorship of these foundational works.
Which genres and authors are prominent in the archaic period of Greek literature?
-In the archaic period, the literature was characterized by oral and verse texts, with Homer's 'Iliad' and 'Odyssey' and Hesiod's 'Works and Days' and 'Theogony' being prominent, along with lyric poets Pindar and Sappho of Lesbos.
What historical events are associated with the Attic or classical period of Greek literature?
-The Attic or classical period is associated with the Persian Wars, where the Greeks defeated the Persians, consolidating their hegemony in the West. This period is known for the tragedies of Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides, and the comedies of Aristophanes.
Why is the 'Oedipus Rex' by Sophocles particularly well-known?
-'Oedipus Rex' by Sophocles is particularly well-known because it is a masterpiece of Greek tragedy that explores themes of fate, free will, and the human condition.
What are the distinguishing features of the Hellenistic or Alexandrian period in Greek literature?
-The Hellenistic or Alexandrian period is marked by the decline of classical Greece and the rise of Roman power, with notable authors such as Menander and Theocritus emerging during this time.
How did Roman culture influence the Latin period of Greek literature?
-In the Latin period, despite Rome's political dominance, Greek culture remained dominant. Notable authors like Virgil, who wrote the epic 'Aeneid' at the behest of Emperor Augustus, and lyric poets Horace and Ovid, contributed to the continuation of Greek literary influence.
What is the lasting impact of ancient Greek literature on Western and universal literature?
-Ancient Greek literature has had a determinant influence on Western and universal literature, shaping themes, genres, and narrative techniques that are still prevalent today.

Outlines

00:00

📜 Introduction to Greek Classical Literature

This paragraph introduces the topic of Greek classical literature, emphasizing its significance as the first major literary movement recognized by the Western canon. It outlines the defining characteristics of this literature, such as its inspiration from myths, the inevitability of fate in its narratives, the pursuit of beauty through harmony between form and content, and its didactic purpose to instill values. The paragraph also highlights the rational and anthropomorphic nature of Greek literature, where gods and characters act based on motives and reasons, and possess human-like qualities. The Greek classical period is divided into four distinct phases: the Archaic, the Classical, the Hellenistic, and the Latin periods.

🎭 The Archaic and Classical Phases of Greek Literature

The second paragraph delves into the specifics of the Archaic and Classical phases of Greek literature. The Archaic phase is characterized by oral and verse texts, with 'The Iliad' and 'The Odyssey' by Homer being the standout works, though there is debate over his existence, known as 'The Homeric Question'. Hesiod is also mentioned for his works 'Works and Days' and 'Theogony'. Lyric poetry is represented by Pindar and Sappho of Lesbos, with the latter's name giving rise to the term 'lesbianism'. Moving to the Classical phase, the paragraph discusses the Persian Wars and the consolidation of Greek hegemony in the West. This period is known for the tragedies of Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides, and the comedies of Aristophanes, with 'Oedipus Rex' by Sophocles being particularly famous.

🏛 The Hellenistic and Latin Phases and Their Notable Figures

The third and final paragraph covers the Hellenistic and Latin phases of Greek literature. The Hellenistic phase is marked by the decline of classical Greece and the rise of Roman power, following the death of Alexander the Great and the suicides of Cleopatra and Mark Antony. Menander and Theocritus are highlighted as prominent figures of this period. In the Latin phase, despite Rome's political dominance, Greek culture remains dominant. Virgil is noted for writing the epic 'Aeneid' at the behest of Emperor Augustus, aiming to give Rome its own Trojan cycle and cultural identity. Lyric poets Horace and Ovid are also recognized for their contributions. The paragraph concludes by emphasizing the enduring influence of ancient Greek literature on Western and universal literature.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Classical Greek Literature

Classical Greek Literature refers to the body of literary works created in ancient Greece, which is considered foundational to Western literature. In the video, it is described as the first current of universal literature that developed in the Western world, characterized by its inspiration from myths and its focus on themes such as the Trojan and Theban cycles. The script highlights how this literature is pivotal to understanding the video's theme of the evolution and characteristics of Greek literature through different periods.

💡Canon

The term 'canon' in the context of literature refers to a collection of works considered to be of the highest merit and recognized as forming the standard for a particular genre or subject. The video mentions that Classical Greek Literature is regarded by the canon as the most important literature of its time, emphasizing its significance and influence in shaping the literary traditions of the Western world.

💡Mythology

Mythology is a collection of myths, especially those associated with a particular religious or cultural tradition. The script notes that works of Classical Greek Literature are inspired by myths, such as the stories from the Trojan and Theban cycles, which are central to understanding the cultural and narrative foundations of the literature discussed in the video.

💡Oedipus

Oedipus is a character from Greek mythology, known for the tragic prophecy that he would kill his father and marry his mother, which indeed came true. The script uses the story of Oedipus to illustrate the concept of an 'inevitable destiny' in Greek literature, a key element in the tragic narratives that form part of the video's exploration of classical themes.

💡Harmony

Harmony, in the context of literature, refers to the balance and proportion between form and content. The video describes how Classical Greek Literature seeks beauty through harmony, where the style of writing is determined by the theme, such as the elevated language of epics, the solemn language of tragedies, and the colloquial language of comedies.

💡Didactic

Didactic literature is intended to teach or instruct, often imparting moral or cultural values. The script mentions that Classical Greek Literature has a didactic purpose, aiming to instill values, which is a central theme in the educational and moral aspects of the works discussed in the video.

💡Rational

In literature, being 'rational' means that the actions of characters are driven by motives and reasons rather than by chance or miracle. The script points out that Classical Greek Literature is rational, with everything being systematic, which contrasts with the arbitrary actions often found in other mythological traditions and is a key concept in understanding the video's discussion of character motivations.

💡Anthropomorphic

Anthropomorphic refers to the attribution of human characteristics or behavior to a god, animal, or object. The video explains that Greek literature is anthropomorphic, with gods and characters possessing human qualities, such as the need to eat, drink, and having a psychological world, which is a fundamental aspect of the script's exploration of the human-like portrayal of divine figures in Greek literature.

💡Archaic Period

The Archaic Period, also known as the Ionic period in the context of Greek literature, is characterized by oral and verse texts that were chanted to the gods. The script highlights this period as the time when works like the 'Iliad' and 'Odyssey' by Homer were composed, which are central to the video's discussion of the origins and development of Greek literature.

💡Classical Period

The Classical Period, also referred to as the Attic period in the script, is marked by significant historical events such as the Greco-Persian Wars and the consolidation of Greek hegemony in the West. The video discusses this period as the time when notable playwrights like Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides, as well as the comic playwright Aristophanes, flourished, with 'Oedipus Rex' by Sophocles being a prime example of the literature from this era.

💡Hellenistic Period

The Hellenistic Period, also known as the Alexandrian period, is characterized by the decline of Classical Greece and the rise of Roman power following the death of Alexander the Great. The script mentions this period as a time when Greek literature continued to evolve, with notable figures like Menander and Theocritus emerging, which is an important aspect of the video's narrative on the transition and transformation of Greek literature.

💡Latin Period

The Latin Period refers to the era when Rome, despite its political dominance, maintained Greek culture as the dominant cultural influence. The video discusses this period with a focus on the works of Virgil, such as the epic 'Aeneid,' which was commissioned by Emperor Augustus to provide Rome with its own Trojan cycle, illustrating the lasting influence of Greek literature and its integration into Roman culture.

Highlights

La literatura clásica griega es considerada por el canon como la más importante de la época.

La literatura griega clásica se define como la primera corriente de la literatura universal en Occidente.

Las obras de esta literatura se inspiran en mitos y giran alrededor del ciclo troyano o tebano.

El destino es un tema inevitable en las historias de la literatura clásica griega, ejemplificado por Edipo.

La búsqueda de la belleza a través de la armonía entre forma y fondo es una característica clave.

El estilo literario está determinado por el tema, con lenguaje elevado para la epopeya, solemne para la tragedia y coloquial para la comedia.

La literatura griega clásica tiene un fin didáctico y un afán de inculcar valores.

Es racional, donde los personajes y dioses actúan por motivos y razones, todo está sistematizado.

La antropomorfía es presente en la literatura clásica griega, con dioses y personajes que poseen cualidades humanas.

El clasicismo griego se divide en cuatro periodos: arcaico, ático, alejandrino y latino.

La literatura arcaica se caracteriza por ser oral y en verso, destacando La Iliada y la Odisea atribuidas a Homero.

La cuestión homérica es el debate sobre si Homero escribió ambas obras.

Hesíodo es destacado por sus obras 'Los Trabajos y los días' y 'Teogonía'.

La etapa ática o clásica se caracteriza por la consolidación del poderío griego tras las guerras médicas.

La tragedia es destacada por Esquilo, Sófocles y Eurípides, y la comedia por Aristófanes.

La obra 'Edipo Rey' de Sófocles es una de las más conocidas de esta etapa.

La etapa alejandrina marca el declive de la Grecia Clásica y el ascenso del poder romano.

Menandro y Teócrito sobresalen en la literatura de la etapa alejandrina.

A pesar de la hegemonía romana, la cultura dominante en la etapa latina sigue siendo griega.

Virgilio es destacado por escribir 'La Eneida', una obra épica por encargo del emperador Augusto.

En la lírica latina, Horacio y Ovidio son destacados por su contribución a la literatura.

La literatura griega de la Antigüedad ha influido determinantemente en la literatura occidental y universal.