The Manchus: Where Did They Come From?
Summary
TLDRThe Manchus originated from the Jurchen tribes and played a significant role in Chinese history. After the Song Dynasty's fall to the Jin Dynasty, the Mongol Yuan Dynasty succeeded, governing China as part of a vast empire. Post-Yuan, the Ming Dynasty emerged. In the late 16th century, Nurhaci unified the Jurchen tribes, established a new Jin Dynasty, and created a Manchu script, laying the groundwork for the rise of the Manchu-led Qing Dynasty.
Takeaways
- π° The Manchus originated from a group known as the Jurchen people.
- π‘οΈ In 1114, the Song Dynasty lost its capital and northern territories to the Jurchen Jin Dynasty.
- π The Mongols established the largest territorial empire in history, which included parts of modern-day China.
- ποΈ The Yuan Dynasty, a Mongol khanate, governed present-day China as a multi-ethnic empire.
- π§ββοΈ After the Mongol Yuan Dynasty's collapse in 1368, many Jurchen people returned to their homelands.
- π At the end of the 16th century, a new Jurchen power base formed around the figure of Nurhaci.
- π Nurhaci unified the three main Jurchen tribes into a political and military coalition.
- π He created a written Manchu script based on a revision of the Mongolian script to unify Jurchen languages.
- π΅οΈ In 1616, Nurhaci declared the foundation of a new Jin Dynasty, named after his own clan, the Aisin Gioro or Golden Clan.
Q & A
Who were the Manchus descended from?
-The Manchus descended from a cluster of peoples and tribes known as the Jurchens.
In what year did the Song Dynasty lose its capital and northern territories to invaders?
-The Song Dynasty lost its capital and northern territories to the Jurchen invaders in the year 1114.
Which dynasty did the Jurchen invaders establish after defeating the Song Dynasty?
-The Jurchen invaders established the Jin Dynasty after defeating the Song Dynasty.
How long did the Jin Dynasty rule North China?
-The Jin Dynasty ruled North China for over a century until they fell to the Mongols.
Who were the Mongols and what was their historical significance?
-The Mongols were a foreign conquering army that established the most extensive territorial empire in history, stretching from the Korean peninsula to Eastern Europe and from the Russian taiga to the northern tip of the Indian subcontinent.
Which dynasty governed present-day China as part of the Mongol Empire?
-Kublai Khan's Yuan Dynasty governed present-day China as part of the broader multi-ethnic Mongol Empire.
What happened to the Jurchens after the collapse of the Mongol Yuan Dynasty?
-After the collapse of the Mongol Yuan Dynasty in 1368, many Jurchens seemed to have returned to their earlier homeland.
Who was Nerhachi and what was his significance?
-Nerhachi was a Jurchen chieftain in the late 1500s who brought together the three main Jurchen tribes into a political and military coalition and is significant for his role in the formation of the Manchu state.
What did Nerhachi order to be created to help unify the Jurchen languages?
-Nerhachi ordered the creation of a written Manchu script, which was based on a revision of the Mongolian script, to help unify the Jurchen languages.
In what year did Nerhachi declare the foundation of a new Jin Dynasty?
-Nerhachi declared the foundation of a new Jin Dynasty in 1616.
What was the name of the new Jin Dynasty established by Nerhachi and what did it signify?
-The new Jin Dynasty established by Nerhachi was named after his own clan name, the Icen Gyora or Golden Clan, signifying the Chinese word for gold.
Outlines
π° The Jin Dynasty and the Manchus
The paragraph discusses the historical context of the Manchus, who descended from a collection of peoples known as the Jurchen. It traces back to 1114 when the Song Dynasty lost its northern territories to the Jurchens, who established the Jin Dynasty. The Mongols later conquered the Jin Dynasty, leading to the establishment of the Yuan Dynasty by Kublai Khan. The Yuan Dynasty was a multi-ethnic empire that included present-day China. After the Yuan Dynasty's collapse in 1368, the Ming Dynasty was founded, and many Jurchen returned to their homelands. However, by the late 16th century, a new power base emerged under the leadership of Nurhaci, who unified the three main Jurchen tribes and established a new Jin Dynasty in 1616, named after his own clan, the Aisin Gioro or 'Golden Clan'.
Mindmap
Keywords
π‘Manchus
π‘Jurchens
π‘Song Dynasty
π‘Jin Dynasty
π‘Mongols
π‘Yuan Dynasty
π‘Ming Dynasty
π‘Nerhachi
π‘Manchu Script
π‘Golden Clan
π‘Autonomous Khanates
Highlights
The Manchus descend from a cluster of peoples and tribes known as the Jurchens.
In 1114, the Song Dynasty lost its capital and northern territories to the Jurchens.
The Jurchens established the Jin Dynasty and ruled North China for over a century.
The Mongols conquered the Jin Dynasty and ruled over the most extensive territorial empire in history.
The Mongol Empire stretched from the Korean Peninsula to Eastern Europe.
The Yuan Dynasty, governed by Kublai Khan, was one of the four autonomous khanates of the Mongol Empire.
Many Jurchen people served the Mongol Yuan Dynasty after the Jin Dynasty's collapse.
The Ming Dynasty was founded in 1368 after the collapse of the Mongol Yuan.
Towards the end of the 16th century, a new power base formed around Nerhachi, a Jurchen chieftain.
Nerhachi unified the three main Jurchen tribes into a political and military coalition.
A written Manchu script was created based on a revision of the Mongolian script.
The creation of the Manchu script aimed to unify the Jurchen languages.
Nerhachi declared the foundation of a new Jin Dynasty in 1616.
The new Jin Dynasty was named after Nerhachi's own clan name, the Icen Gyora or Golden Clan.
The Jin Dynasty's foundation marked a significant shift in power among the Jurchen tribes.
The Mongol Yuan's collapse led to the establishment of the Ming Dynasty, which had a lasting impact on China.
The rise of the new Jin Dynasty under Nerhachi set the stage for the later Qing Dynasty.
Transcripts
[Music]
the manchus descend from a cluster of
peoples and tribes
known as the churchians in the year
1114 china of the song dynasty
lost its capital and its northern
territories to georgian invaders
emanating from the region
between modern-day mongolia korea and
china founding the jin dynasty
they forced the song into retreat into
the south
and ruled north china for over one
century
until they themselves fell to another
foreign conquering army the mongols as
the most
extensive territorial empire in history
the mongol world stretched from the
korean peninsula in the east
to present day eastern europe in the
west
and from the russian taiga in the north
to the northern tip
of the indian subcontinent in the south
as one of the four autonomous khanates
into which the empire was divided
kublai khan's yuan dynasty governed
present-day china proper as part of a
broader
multi-ethnic empire just as a number of
conquered song chinese subjects stayed
in the north and
served the jinn so too did many
churches of the former jin dynasty serve
the
mongol yuan dynasty after the collapse
of the mongol yuen
in 1368 which marked the foundation of
the
ming dynasty many churchians seemed to
have returned
to their earlier homeland in the closing
decades of the 16th century however
a new power base began to form around
the figure of
nerhachi who lived from 1559 to 1626
a churchian chieftain in the late 1500s
he brought together the three main
churchian tribes
in the region into a kind of political
and military coalition
he ordered the creation of a written
manchu script
which was based on a revision of
mongolian script
all in the effort to help unify the
churchian languages
in 1616 he declared the foundation of a
new
jin dynasty being the chinese word
for gold named after his own clan name
the ice in gyora or golden clan
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