Las teorías de la adolescencia

Romina Silva

27 Oct 202016:44

Summary

TLDRThe script discusses positive feedback received on teaching methods and plans to continue. It covers theories of adolescent development, including psychoanalytic, sociological, and Piagetian perspectives. The focus is on understanding adolescents through changes in psychology, social constructs, and cognitive development. The instructor will introduce various authors and their contributions to these theories, emphasizing the importance of family, identity formation, and the challenges faced by adolescents.

Takeaways

🙌 The speaker begins by expressing gratitude for positive feedback received on forums, indicating a supportive community for their work.
📚 They plan to continue their current teaching approach, which has been well-received, and keep the forum open for further suggestions.
🔄 The class will move on to the second unit of the subject, focusing on deepening the understanding of adolescent development theories.
👨‍👧 The importance of family in shaping the child's psyche and the changes in family relationships during adolescence were discussed in the first unit.
📈 The speaker will introduce three major theoretical frameworks for understanding adolescence: psychoanalytic, sociological, and Piaget's theory.
🧠 The psychoanalytic theory focuses on internal psychological changes, the unconscious, and sexual development during adolescence.
🏢 Sociological theory views adolescence as a social construct, influenced by societal expectations, media, and consumer culture.
🤔 Piaget's theory emphasizes cognitive development, looking at how adolescents think and construct thoughts, particularly in the formal operational stage.
👶 Freud's psychoanalytic foundation is mentioned, but the speaker notes that other authors have expanded on his work to focus on adolescents.
🌟 The speaker mentions modern psychoanalytic authors who study adolescence, such as Erik Erikson, Peter Blos, Anna Freud, and Arminda Aberasturi.
🔄 The concept of 'individuation' is introduced, discussing how adolescents seek to establish their identity and independence, distinct from their parents.

Q & A

What is the main purpose of the speaker's discussion?
-The speaker's main purpose is to express gratitude for positive feedback received and to reinforce the idea of continuing with the current teaching methodology. They also aim to introduce and discuss various theories of adolescence as part of a course curriculum.
What is the significance of the feedback mentioned in the script?
-The feedback is significant because it validates the speaker's teaching approach, including classes, explanations, activities, and resources used, and encourages them to continue in the same vein.
Why does the speaker emphasize the openness of the forum?
-The speaker emphasizes the openness of the forum to encourage further feedback and suggestions, highlighting a willingness to address any inconveniences or ideas to improve the course.
What are the three main theoretical approaches discussed to understand adolescence?
-The three main theoretical approaches discussed are the psychoanalytic theory, sociological theory, and Piaget's theory.
How does the psychoanalytic theory view the adolescent's psychological changes?
-The psychoanalytic theory views the adolescent's psychological changes through the lens of internal processes, unconscious mind, and psychic conflicts, focusing on how these changes affect the individual.
Which authors are mentioned as continuing the psychoanalytic tradition specifically for adolescents?
-Authors mentioned include Erik Erikson, Peter Blos, Anna Freud, and Arminda Aberasturi, who have contributed to the psychoanalytic understanding of adolescence.
What is the concept of 'exogamy' in the context of psychoanalytic theory as discussed?
-Exogamy refers to the necessity of seeking love objects outside the family, which is linked to renouncing the primary love object and the prohibition of incest, as part of the adolescent's development.
How does the speaker describe the emotional state of adolescents according to psychoanalytic theory?
-The speaker describes the emotional state of adolescents as fluctuating and unstable, with rapid shifts from one extreme emotion to another, and a tendency towards certain depressive states due to internal questioning and dissatisfaction.
What is the concept of 'individuation' as explained by Peter Blos?
-Peter Blos explains 'individuation' as a process that occurs twice in life: once in early childhood with physical independence and again in adolescence with emotional independence, where the adolescent seeks to break affective ties and establish autonomy.
How does the sociological theory view the construction of adolescence?
-The sociological theory views adolescence as a social construction, emphasizing how societal values, beliefs, and media influence shape the identity and behavior of adolescents.
What does Piaget's theory contribute to the understanding of cognitive development in adolescents?
-Piaget's theory contributes by positioning adolescents in the formal operational stage, where they can reason hypothetically, argue, differentiate their ideas, and plan for the future, indicating a significant cognitive shift in thinking.

Outlines

00:00

📚 Introduction to Adolescent Development Theories

The speaker begins by expressing gratitude for the positive feedback received on forums, which has been encouraging for continuing the current teaching approach. They mention the openness to suggestions and proceed to review the first unit of the subject, focusing on family's role in the psychological development of children and adolescent family relationships. The speaker then introduces the second unit, which delves into adolescent development theories. They mention using a compilation book by Verbal and Assen, which provides an overview of child and adolescent development theories. The speaker outlines three major theoretical groups discussing adolescence: psychoanalytic, sociological, and Piaget-Jana theories. Each theory focuses on different aspects of adolescence: psychoanalytic theories emphasize psychological changes and the unconscious, sociological theories view adolescence as a social construct influenced by societal expectations and media, and Piaget-Jana theories focus on cognitive development and how adolescents think and construct thoughts.

05:01

👨‍🏫 Psychoanalytic Perspective on Adolescence

This section delves into the psychoanalytic approach to understanding adolescence, highlighting authors like Erikson, Peter Blos, Anna Freud, and Arminda Aberasturi, who continue the psychoanalytic tradition to study adolescents. The speaker discusses how adolescence is viewed as a period of psychological imbalance due to internal changes, making adolescents more vulnerable and leading to behavioral changes and psychological defenses. The awakening of sexuality prompts adolescents to seek love objects outside the family, which is tied to the psychoanalytic concept of exogamy and the incest taboo. The section also covers mood fluctuations, instability in relationships, and the adolescent's struggle with identity formation. Peter Blos's concept of individuation is introduced, explaining the process of becoming independent and autonomous during adolescence.

10:04

🧠 Cognitive and Sociological Theories of Adolescence

The speaker discusses the sociological theory of adolescence, which examines the societal tensions and pressures that shape adolescent development. It focuses on the gap between adult expectations and adolescent desires, as well as the social transition from childhood to a young adult status. The section also addresses the cognitive development of adolescents according to Jean Piaget's theory, emphasizing the formal operational stage where adolescents begin to reason hypothetically and deductively. This cognitive change allows them to plan for the future and establish life projects. The speaker concludes by summarizing the introduction to adolescent development theories, reiterating the three major theoretical groups and the upcoming exploration of different authors within these frameworks.

15:06

🌟 Francoise Dolto's Contribution to Adolescent Psychology

The final paragraph introduces Francoise Dolto, a psychoanalyst whose work provides insights into adolescent development from a psychological perspective. The speaker plans to record a class on Dolto's theories, which will likely focus on the internal psychic structure and the development of sexuality in adolescents. This class will build upon the understanding established in previous lessons and further explore the complexities of adolescence through Dolto's lens.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Adolescence

Adolescence refers to the transitional stage of physical and psychological human development that occurs between childhood and adulthood. In the video, adolescence is the central theme, with discussions on various theories that seek to understand the changes adolescents undergo, such as changes in family relationships, cognitive development, and the development of sexual identity.

💡Psychoanalytic Theory

Psychoanalytic Theory is a psychological theory that emphasizes the role of the unconscious mind and early childhood experiences in shaping an individual's motivations and behaviors. The script mentions that this theory is used to study adolescents from a psychological perspective, focusing on internal changes, the unconscious, and the development of sexual identity.

💡Sociological Theory

Sociological Theory examines society, social behavior, and patterns, and their effects on individuals and groups. In the context of the video, sociological theory is used to understand adolescence as a social construction, influenced by societal values, beliefs, and media representations.

💡Piaget's Theory

Piaget's Theory, developed by Jean Piaget, focuses on the cognitive development of children, outlining stages through which children progress as they construct their understanding of the world. The script indicates that Piaget's theory is used to understand how adolescents think and construct their thought processes during the formal operational stage.

💡Freudian Psychoanalysis

Freudian Psychoanalysis, founded by Sigmund Freud, is a method for treating mental disorders and a theory that seeks to understand human behavior and personality by analyzing the unconscious mind. The script notes that while Freud worked more with adults and children, his theories are extended by other authors to study adolescence.

💡Erikson's Theory

Erikson's Theory, developed by Erik Erikson, is an extension of Freud's psychoanalytic theory that focuses on the development of the ego and the formation of identity. The script mentions Erikson as one of the modern authors who retake the psychoanalytic current to study adolescents.

💡Puberty

Puberty is the period during which sexual maturity is attained and is characterized by significant physical growth and development. The script discusses puberty in relation to the development of sexual energy and the psychological balance changes that occur during this period.

💡Identity Formation

Identity Formation is the development of a coherent sense of self and an individual's unique characteristics. The script refers to identity formation as a critical aspect of adolescence, where adolescents are constructing their identities and becoming subjects.

💡Object Relations

Object Relations is a psychoanalytic term that refers to the patterns of interaction that a person has with others, based on early relationships with caregivers. The script discusses how psychoanalysis views the adolescent's search for love objects outside the family as part of the process of identity formation and separation from parental figures.

💡Individuation

Individuation is a concept in psychology that refers to the process of becoming an individual, separate from others. The script mentions Peter Blos's view of individuation in adolescence as a process of breaking affective ties and seeking autonomy.

💡Cognitive Development

Cognitive Development is the study of how thinking and understanding of the world changes as children grow. The script discusses how Piaget's theory is used to understand the cognitive changes in adolescents, particularly their ability to reason hypothetically and deductively.

Highlights

Positive feedback received on forums for teaching methods and resources.

Continued use of current teaching modality is encouraged by positive feedback.

The forum remains open for suggestions and comments.

Introduction to the second unit of the subject matter.

Review of the first unit covering theories of development.

Importance of family in the psychological constitution of the child.

Family relationships during adolescence and parental styles.

Introduction to theories that focus on adolescence.

Different theoretical perspectives on adolescence.

Psychoanalytic theory's focus on psychological changes during adolescence.

Sociological theory's perspective on adolescence as a social construction.

Piaget's theory emphasizing cognitive development in adolescents.

Sigmund Freud's foundational work in psychoanalysis and its application to adolescents.

Modern authors continuing the psychoanalytic tradition to study adolescence.

The concept of 'exogamy' in psychoanalysis related to seeking love outside the family.

The adolescent's vulnerability due to internal changes and identity construction.

Mood fluctuations and instability in relationships during adolescence.

Peter Blos' concept of a second individuation process during adolescence.

The importance of distancing from parents and seeking new love objects outside the family.

The search for independence and autonomy during adolescence.

Sociological theory examining societal tensions and expectations of adolescents.

Piaget's formal operational stage and its implications for adolescent cognitive development.