U.S. Maternal Mortality is Much Higher for African-Americans
Summary
TLDRIn the United States, maternal mortality rates have doubled since the 1980s, with over 700 deaths annually. Black women face a maternal mortality rate three times higher than white women, highlighting racial disparities not explained by education or income. Structural racism, including power inequalities and unequal access to opportunities, is identified as a key factor. Efforts to dismantle structural racism in healthcare are crucial, starting with understanding racial history and recognizing racism's operation. A care bundle of practices has been developed to reduce racial disparities in perinatal health, emphasizing the need for systemic change to ensure safe births for all.
Takeaways
- 🚨 The United States has a significant maternal mortality rate, with over 700 mothers dying annually from pregnancy and childbirth complications.
- 📈 Maternal mortality rates have doubled between the 1980s and 2010 in the U.S.
- 👩👧👦 Black women are at a higher risk, with a mortality rate three times higher than that of white women.
- 📊 According to CDC data, the maternal mortality rate for black women is 43.5 per 100,000 live births, compared to 12.7 for white women.
- 🏢 Racial disparities in maternal mortality are not solely explained by differences in education or income.
- 🤰 The causes of maternal mortality are complex and can occur before, during, or after childbirth.
- 📚 Research shows that black women face higher risks from pregnancy-related complications, even with the same diagnosis.
- 🌐 Structural racism, defined as systematic discrimination based on race, plays a significant role in these disparities.
- 🔍 Indicators of structural racism include unequal access to opportunities and differing policy outcomes by race.
- 🛠 Dismantling structural racism in healthcare involves understanding historical context and recognizing race as a social construct.
- 📈 A national work group has developed a 'care bundle' with practices to reduce racial disparities in perinatal health.
Q & A
美国目前的孕产妇死亡率是多少?
-根据2021年的数据,美国的孕产妇死亡率为32.9每10万活产[^7^]。
为什么美国的孕产妇死亡率在增加?
-美国的孕产妇死亡率增加可能与多种因素有关,包括心血管疾病、产科出血、自我伤害或意外伤害等。此外,结构性种族主义和医疗保健服务的不平等获取也可能是导致孕产妇死亡率增加的原因[^8^]。
黑人女性在美国的孕产妇死亡率是多少?
-2021年,黑人女性的孕产妇死亡率为69.9每10万活产,是白人女性的2.6倍[^7^]。
孕产妇死亡的主要原因有哪些?
-孕产妇死亡的主要原因包括严重出血(主要是产后出血)、感染(通常在产后)、妊娠期高血压(子痫前期和子痫)、分娩并发症以及不安全堕胎[^10^]。
如何减少孕产妇死亡?
-为了减少孕产妇死亡,关键在于预防非意愿妊娠,所有女性,包括青少年,需要获得避孕、合法范围内的安全堕胎服务以及优质的堕胎后护理。此外,所有女性都需要在妊娠期间以及分娩前后获得高质量的护理[^10^]。
孕产妇死亡率在不同种族间是否存在差异?
-是的,孕产妇死亡率在不同种族间存在显著差异。例如,黑人女性相比白人女性有更高的孕产妇死亡率,这种差异不能仅通过教育或收入差异来解释[^2^]。
什么是结构性种族主义,它如何影响孕产妇死亡率?
-结构性种族主义是指基于种族的资源和机会的系统性分配,它指的是制度和系统共同运作产生基于种族差异的结果,即使没有种族主义意图。结构性种族主义的指标包括权力不平等、机会获取不平等以及不同种族间政策结果的差异。研究表明,结构性种族主义与黑人婴儿死亡率的增加有关[^2^]。
美国采取了哪些措施来应对孕产妇死亡率的增加?
-美国采取了包括实施安全捆绑协议、团队培训、为高风险患者提供综合多学科护理、风险分层的孕产妇护理水平、改善提供者与患者之间关于早期警告信号的沟通,以及解决结构性种族主义和社会决定因素等策略来改善孕产妇安全、质量和公平[^2^]。
孕产妇死亡率的全球趋势如何?
-从2000年到2020年,全球孕产妇死亡率下降了约34%,但几乎所有孕产妇死亡都发生在低收入和中低收入国家,这些死亡大多数是可以预防的[^10^]。
哪些组织在努力减少孕产妇死亡?
-世界卫生组织(WHO)是努力减少孕产妇死亡的主要组织之一,通过增加研究证据、提供循证临床和项目指导、设定全球标准以及向成员国提供技术支助来帮助制定和实施有效的政策和项目[^10^]。
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