Percobaan 2, Sifat Fisik Pemisahan

UPT LAB. TERPADU UHO

17 Mar 202404:10

Summary

TLDRThis script outlines a chemistry experiment focusing on physical properties and separation techniques. The goals are for students to understand purification processes and distinguish compounds based on chemical reaction properties. The experiment involves filtering, heating, and chromatography to separate and analyze a mixture of acetone and HCL, aiming to yield pure substances and remove impurities.

Takeaways

🔍 The experiment is focused on understanding the physical properties and separation processes in chemistry.
🧪 The main objectives are for students to comprehend the principles of purification methods and to distinguish compounds based on chemical reaction properties.
🌐 Separation and purification are branches of chemistry dealing with the process of separating mixtures into pure components.
🔬 The primary goal of chemical purification is to remove impurities to achieve a high level of purity in the chemical product.
📝 The required materials include filter paper, a thermometer, a funnel, a pipette, a glass beaker, and a Chamber glass air.
💧 The procedure starts with analyzing a turbid liquid by filtering 50 ml of the solution through filter paper.
🔥 After filtering, 25 ml of the filtrate is heated in a chemistry glass at 150 degrees Celsius.
⏱ The residue is then dried in an oven at 100 degrees Celsius for approximately 5 hours and 10 minutes, and the total solid and dissolved solid are measured.
📊 Chromatography is performed by applying the eluent to a prepared chromatography paper and observing the resulting Rf values.
🧪 The separation process involves using a separatory funnel to separate a mixture of cyclohexane and iodine by shaking and then releasing the gas and lower phase.
📝 The experiment concludes with observing and analyzing the volume of the separated phases.

Q & A

What is the main objective of the second experiment mentioned in the script?
-The main objective of the second experiment is for students to understand the process and principles of purification methods in chemistry and to be able to distinguish between substances based on chemical reaction properties.
What is the definition of separation and purification in chemistry as described in the script?
-Separation and purification in chemistry is related to the process of separating a mixture into its pure components. It is done to produce a chemical substance that is pure or purer than the mixture contained in the raw material.
What is the primary goal of chemical purification?
-The primary goal of chemical purification is to remove impurities to achieve a chemical substance with high purity that meets the desired specifications.
What are the materials and tools needed for the experiment as listed in the script?
-The materials and tools needed for the experiment include filter paper, thermometer, Airline Mayor funnel, glass rod, Chamber glass, Baker glass, 100 ml of eluent (acetone and HCl aquadest), and cyclohexane.
How much eluent is used in the first step of the experiment?
-In the first step of the experiment, 100 ml of eluent is used.
What is the purpose of filtering 50 ml of turbid water using filter paper in the experiment?
-The purpose of filtering 50 ml of turbid water using filter paper is to separate the filtrate and residue.
What is the temperature at which the filtrate is heated in the experiment?
-The filtrate is heated at a temperature of 150 degrees Celsius.
What is done with the residue after it is produced in the experiment?
-The residue is placed in an oven at a temperature of 100 degrees Celsius for approximately 5 to 10 minutes and then weighed to calculate the total solid and dissolved solid.
What is chromatography and how is it used in the experiment?
-Chromatography is a method used to separate mixtures. In the experiment, eluent is introduced into a container, and a prepared chromatogram (filter paper of size 14*7 cm) is marked with different colors to observe and calculate the resulting RF values.
What is the first step in the separation process using a separatory funnel as described in the script?
-The first step in the separation process using a separatory funnel is to assemble the funnel and then introduce a mixture of cyclohexane and iodine into it.
How is the gas removed from the separatory funnel during the experiment?
-The gas is removed from the separatory funnel by opening the stopper on the funnel.
What is observed and analyzed at the end of the experiment with the separatory funnel?
-At the end of the experiment, the volume of the phase that is below is observed and analyzed.

Outlines

00:00

🔬 Chemistry Experiment: Physical Properties and Separation

This paragraph introduces a chemistry experiment focused on the physical properties and separation of substances. The main objectives are for students to understand the process and principles of purification methods in chemistry and to distinguish between different substances based on their chemical reaction properties. The paragraph emphasizes that separation and purification are branches of chemistry related to the process of separating mixtures into pure components. The ultimate goal is to remove contaminants to produce chemical substances with high purity that meet specific specifications. The required materials include filter paper, a thermometer, a funnel, a glass container, and various chemicals such as ethanol and HCL. The experiment involves analyzing a solution by filtering, heating, and calculating the total and dissolved solids. Chromatography is also mentioned as a technique to observe and calculate the RF values of different substances.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Physical properties

Physical properties refer to the characteristics of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing its chemical identity, such as temperature, solubility, and phase. In the context of the video, the experiment involves analyzing the physical properties of a mixture, such as filtering and heating to observe how these properties affect separation.

💡Separation

Separation is a process used to divide a mixture into its individual components. In the experiment described, various methods like filtration, chromatography, and the use of a separating funnel are utilized to separate mixtures into pure compounds. This is essential for studying their physical and chemical properties.

💡Purification

Purification is the process of removing impurities from a substance to increase its purity. In the experiment, purification is a central goal, where chemical techniques like filtration and heating are applied to separate and purify compounds, ensuring they meet desired specifications of purity.

💡Filtration

Filtration is a method used to separate solids from liquids by passing a mixture through a porous material, such as filter paper. In the video, the process of filtering cloudy water using filter paper to separate solid residues from the liquid filtrate is highlighted as part of the experimental procedure.

💡Chromatography

Chromatography is a technique for separating different components of a mixture based on their movement through a medium. In the experiment, paper chromatography is used to separate compounds, with the process involving placing a filter paper in a solvent (eluent) and calculating the retention factor (RF) of the components.

💡Retention factor (RF)

The retention factor (RF) is a numerical value used in chromatography to describe the relative movement of a compound on a chromatogram. It is calculated by dividing the distance traveled by the substance by the distance traveled by the solvent. In the experiment, students observe and calculate the RF values of different compounds.

💡Separating funnel

A separating funnel is a laboratory tool used to separate immiscible liquids. In the video, the separating funnel is used to separate a mixture of cyclohexane and iodine, allowing the less dense liquid to be drained from the denser liquid, illustrating a key technique in chemical separation.

💡Eluent

Eluent refers to the solvent used in chromatography to help move the compounds through the medium. In the experiment, acetone and hydrochloric acid (HCl) are used as eluents to facilitate the separation of compounds on a paper chromatogram. The eluent plays a crucial role in determining the movement and separation of the components.

💡Cyclohexane

Cyclohexane is a nonpolar solvent used in the separation process described in the video. In the experiment, cyclohexane is mixed with iodine and separated using a separating funnel, illustrating the principle of separating liquids with different densities and polarities.

💡Impurities

Impurities are unwanted substances mixed with the desired chemical compounds. The goal of the experiment is to purify substances by removing these impurities, as the presence of impurities affects the chemical and physical properties of the compounds. Filtration and heating are used to reduce impurities and obtain purer substances.

Highlights

Introduction to the experiment on physical properties and separation.

Objective for students to understand the process and principles of purification methods in chemistry.

Students will be able to distinguish substances based on their chemical reaction properties.

Separation and purification are branches of chemistry related to the process of separating mixtures into pure components.

The main goal of chemical purification is to remove impurities to achieve high purity.

Required materials include filter paper, thermometer, Airline Mayor funnel, glassware, and various chemicals.

Procedure begins with analyzing turbid water or a turbid solution.

Turbid water is filtered using filter paper and a funnel connected to an Airline Mayor.

The filtrate is then heated to 150 degrees Celsius.

Residue is weighed and then placed in an oven at 100 degrees Celsius for approximately 5 hours and 10 minutes.

Total dry weight and dissolved solids are calculated.

Chromatography is performed by applying the eluent to a prepared chromatogram.

Different colored marks are made on the chromatogram paper to observe the results.

The RF values are calculated from the chromatography results.

Separation is done using a separatory funnel.

A mixture of cyclohexane and iodine is added to the separatory funnel, shaken, and the gas is released.

The lower phase is removed using a tap on the separatory funnel.

Observation and analysis of the volume of the separated phases.

Conclusion of the experiment on physical properties and separation.

The experiment aims to provide new knowledge on physical properties and separation.