南北朝正閏論、現代の科挙制度／江戸時代の再発見08

Summary

The video script delves into the complexities of modern Japanese history, touching upon the dissatisfaction with the state's control during the Meiji period and the subsequent movements for freedom and civil rights. It highlights the figure of Kitamura Tokoku, a prominent literary figure and his disillusionment with the freedom movement, leading to his involvement in Asianism and revolutionary activities in Korea. The discussion also explores the concept of 'outsiders' in shaping Japan's history, the influence of national learning, and the ethical and moral dilemmas faced by the country. The speaker emphasizes the importance of understanding history from different perspectives and the role of education in shaping societal values.

Takeaways

• 🌿 The script discusses the feeling of being 'grass' in modern times, where the state does not let go, and the dissatisfaction (ボア不満) that arises from it.
• 📚 It mentions how figures like Kitamura Tokoku, a prominent literary figure, were involved in the Freedom and People's Rights Movement (自由民間運動) but later distanced themselves due to disillusionment with the political promises of the parliament.
• 🌏 The narrative touches on the shift towards Asianism (アジア主義), where there was a desire to unite Asian nations to counterbalance Western influence, with a particular interest in the modernization of China and the Korean Peninsula.
• 👦 The story of Kitamura being invited to participate in revolutionary movements in Korea at a young age, highlighting the radicalism of the times and the involvement of young people in significant political movements.
• 🚨 The script alludes to the challenges faced by those who left the Freedom and People's Rights Movement or Asianism, and their subsequent search for purpose and identity, exemplified by Kitamura's eventual turn to literature.
• 📖 It discusses the state of literature in Japan at the time, which was not yet fully developed and was characterized by poverty and a lack of commercial success, leading to Kitamura's emotional struggles.
• 🔄 The speaker reflects on the concept of 'outsiders' (アウトサイダー) in Japanese history, suggesting that many who shaped Japan's history were outsiders, and how this relates to the current state of ethics and morality in the country.
• 🎓 The script delves into the historical and philosophical discussions around the legitimacy of the emperor and the concept of 'three kinds of divine righteousness' (三種の神義), and how these ideas have persisted through Japanese history.
• 🤔 It raises questions about the validity of certain historical narratives, such as the potential replacement of the Meiji Emperor, and the importance of considering multiple perspectives when examining history.
• 🏫 The discussion also covers the differences in education during the Edo period compared to modern times, emphasizing the importance of a more holistic and less test-oriented approach to learning.
• 🗳️ Lastly, the script touches on the topic of 'reception' (接収) in politics, contrasting the historical context with contemporary issues, and the need for a critical yet balanced perspective on the role of political dynasties and their impact on governance.

Q & A

What is the main theme discussed in the script?

The main theme discussed in the script revolves around the historical and cultural aspects of Japan, particularly focusing on the transition from the Edo period to modern times, the concept of 'outsiders' in Japanese history, and the influence of various ideologies and movements such as the Freedom and People's Rights Movement and Asianism.

What is the significance of the term 'outsiders' in the context of the script?

In the script, 'outsiders' refers to individuals who were not part of the mainstream or the ruling class in Japan's history. These individuals often had a unique perspective on society and played a significant role in shaping Japan's history and culture, despite being marginalized.

How does the script relate the Freedom and People's Rights Movement to Asianism?

The script suggests that some individuals who were initially part of the Freedom and People's Rights Movement, such as Kitamura Tokoku, later shifted their focus towards Asianism. This ideology aimed at fostering revolution and modernization in Asia to counterbalance Western influence.

What role did Kitamura Tokoku play in the script's narrative?

Kitamura Tokoku is presented as a notable figure who was initially involved in the Freedom and People's Rights Movement but later became disillusioned and turned towards Asianism. His story illustrates the broader theme of individuals searching for their place and purpose in society during times of change.

What is the connection between the script's discussion on history and the concept of 'outsiders'?

The script suggests that many of the individuals who have shaped Japan's history were 'outsiders' in some way. They had a different perspective and approach to life, which contributed to the development of Japan's unique cultural and political landscape.

What does the script imply about the relationship between the past and present-day Japan?

The script implies that the past, particularly the experiences and contributions of 'outsiders,' continues to influence present-day Japan. It suggests that understanding this history can provide valuable insights into the country's current state and societal structures.

How does the script discuss the issue of succession and legitimacy in the Japanese imperial family?

The script touches upon historical debates and theories regarding the succession and legitimacy of the Japanese imperial family, such as the idea of 'Gosei no Tami,' which questions the lineage of certain emperors and suggests that some may have been replaced or usurped.

What is the significance of the 'three kinds of divine righteousness' mentioned in the script?

The 'three kinds of divine righteousness' refer to the ideological underpinnings of the Japanese imperial system. The script suggests that these principles have been contested and debated throughout history, affecting the legitimacy and authority of the imperial family and the governance of Japan.

How does the script relate the concept of 'outsiders' to the broader discussion on ethics and morality in Japan?

The script suggests that 'outsiders' often had a more grounded perspective on ethics and morality, as they were not part of the elite or ruling classes. Their experiences and viewpoints could challenge the established norms and contribute to a more nuanced understanding of these concepts in Japanese society.

What is the script's view on the importance of education and its role in shaping history?

The script implies that education played a crucial role in shaping Japan's history, with different approaches and philosophies contributing to the development of the country's cultural and intellectual landscape. It also suggests that the absence of a standardized education system allowed for a diversity of thought and a more organic learning process.