LAB 4 Chemical Reactions
Summary
TLDRThis chemistry lab video demonstrates various chemical reactions using a 12-well plate and test tubes. Key reactions include the mixing of silver nitrate and sodium chloride, leading to a dramatic color change, and the combination of lead nitrate with potassium iodide. The video also explores reactions between zinc nitrate and potassium carbonate, iron nitrate with potassium hydroxide, and sodium phosphate with calcium nitrate. Additionally, it shows neutralization reactions with sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid, as well as reactions involving mossy zinc with copper sulfate. Each reaction is carefully observed for color changes, temperature, and gas production, providing a visual and educational experience.
Takeaways
- π§ͺ The video is a chemistry lab demonstration focusing on chemical reactions.
- π The lab involves mixing chemicals in a 12-well plate and observing the reactions.
- π The first reaction shown is between silver nitrate and sodium chloride, resulting in a colorless and transparent mixture.
- π The script emphasizes the importance of observing changes before and after mixing chemicals.
- π The reactions are described with a focus on the physical changes, such as color and transparency.
- π Students are encouraged to describe their observations in their own words.
- π¬ The video mentions potential issues like contamination or old chemicals affecting the reactions.
- 𧫠Some reactions are conducted in test tubes instead of the 12-well plate, such as the reaction between sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid.
- π‘οΈ Observations include changes in temperature, cloudiness, and the production of gas.
- βοΈ The reactions involve a variety of chemicals, including zinc, copper sulfate, and mossy zinc.
- π₯ One of the reactions produces a gas that can be ignited, demonstrating a chemical reaction that releases energy.
Q & A
What is the purpose of the video?
-The purpose of the video is to demonstrate various chemical reactions in a lab setting, specifically by mixing different chemicals and observing the reactions.
What are the first two chemicals mixed in the video?
-The first two chemicals mixed in the video are silver nitrate and sodium chloride.
What is the significance of the numbers before the chemical names?
-The numbers before the chemical names represent the concentrations of the chemicals, expressed in molarity (M).
How much of each chemical is mixed in the first reaction?
-In the first reaction, three drops of each chemical are mixed into one of the wells of a 12-well plate.
What is observed when silver nitrate and sodium chloride are mixed?
-A dramatic change is observed when silver nitrate and sodium chloride are mixed, indicating a chemical reaction.
What are the next set of chemicals mixed after silver nitrate and sodium chloride?
-The next set of chemicals mixed are lead nitrate (Pb(NO3)2) and potassium iodide (KI).
What is the observation made when lead nitrate and potassium iodide are mixed?
-The script does not explicitly mention the observation for the lead nitrate and potassium iodide reaction, but it encourages the viewer to describe what they observe.
What is the issue with the iron nitrate solution in the video?
-The iron nitrate solution appears to be contaminated or old, with some solid precipitation at the bottom of the bottle, which is not supposed to be there.
What is the expected outcome of mixing iron nitrate and potassium hydroxide?
-The expected outcome is a precipitation reaction, where the solution should become cloudy upon mixing.
How are the reactions in the test tubes different from those in the 12-well plate?
-The reactions in the test tubes involve different chemicals and are carried out in a different environment, often involving the use of pipettes and observing temperature changes or gas production.
What is the observation when sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid are mixed in a test tube?
-The observation is a warm or hot reaction, with possible condensation on the walls of the test tube.
What happens when zinc (referred to as mossy zinc) is added to hydrochloric acid?
-A reaction occurs that produces fizzing, and when a match is held over the test tube, the gas ignites with a chirping sound.
Outlines
π¬ Chemical Reactions in a Lab
This paragraph introduces a lab video focused on chemical reactions. The presenter begins by mixing chemicals in a 12-well plate. The first reaction involves mixing silver nitrate and sodium chloride, both at concentrations indicated by '1M' and '0.1M' respectively. The presenter emphasizes observing the reactions before and after mixing, noting the dramatic change when the two chemicals are combined. The reaction produces a colorless and transparent solution. The video continues with reactions involving lead nitrate and potassium iodide, zinc nitrate and potassium carbonate, and iron nitrate and potassium hydroxide. The presenter points out a potential issue with the iron nitrate solution, suggesting it may be contaminated. The reactions are observed for changes in color, transparency, and the formation of precipitates.
π§ͺ Observations and Additional Reactions
The second paragraph continues the lab demonstration with a focus on observing chemical reactions. The presenter discusses a reaction involving sodium phosphate and calcium nitrate, noting a visible reaction. The video then transitions to reactions in test tubes, starting with a combination of sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid. The presenter uses a pipette to measure out specific volumes of the chemicals and observes a warming effect and cloudiness along the test tube walls. The next reaction involves hydrochloric acid and sodium carbonate, with the presenter noting the formation of bubbles. The paragraph concludes with a reaction using 'mossy zinc' and hydrochloric acid, where the presenter demonstrates the fizzing reaction and the ignition of gas produced.
π Combining Zinc with Acids and Copper Sulfate
In the third paragraph, the presenter explores reactions involving zinc. First, zinc is combined with hydrochloric acid, resulting in a fizzing reaction and the production of gas. The presenter then lights a match over the test tube to ignite the gas, creating a 'chirping' sound. The next reaction involves adding mossy zinc to copper sulfate, leading to observable changes in the zinc's appearance. The presenter instructs viewers to note the differences in the zinc over time, emphasizing the importance of careful observation in chemical experiments.
π Conclusion and Observation Notes
The final paragraph is a brief conclusion to the lab demonstration, focusing on the changes observed in the zinc over the course of the experiment. The presenter encourages viewers to document their observations, particularly the differences in the zinc's appearance before and after the reactions. This paragraph serves as a reminder of the importance of detailed note-taking in scientific experiments.
Mindmap
Keywords
π‘Chemical Reaction
π‘Concentration
π‘Silver Nitrate
π‘Sodium Chloride
π‘Lead Nitrate
π‘Zinc Nitrate
π‘Iron Nitrate
π‘Sodium Hydroxide
π‘Hydrochloric Acid
π‘Mossy Zinc
π‘Copper Sulfate
Highlights
Introduction to a chemistry lab video focusing on chemical reactions.
Mixing chemicals in a 12 well plate for reactions.
First reaction involves mixing silver nitrate and sodium chloride.
Observing the colorless and transparent nature of NaCl solution.
Silver nitrate solution's transparency despite its container's dark color.
Chemical reaction observed upon mixing silver nitrate and sodium chloride.
Second reaction with lead nitrate and potassium iodide.
Observation of colorless and transparent nature of lead nitrate and potassium iodide solutions.
Third reaction involves zinc nitrate and potassium carbonate.
Fourth reaction with iron nitrate and potassium hydroxide, noting possible contamination.
Observation of cloudiness in iron nitrate solution suggesting contamination.
Fifth reaction with sodium phosphate and calcium nitrate showing clear reaction.
Transition to reactions in test tubes instead of 12 well plates.
Sixth reaction combining sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid.
Observation of warmth and condensation during the reaction.
Seventh reaction with hydrochloric acid and sodium carbonate.
Observation of bubbling during the reaction.
Eighth reaction combining mossy zinc with hydrochloric acid.
Observation of fizzing and gas production.
Ninth reaction combining mossy zinc with copper sulfate.
Observation of changes in zinc's appearance during the reaction.
Transcripts
so this is a video for lab for chemical
reactions and we're gonna begin by
mixing chemicals into a 12 we'll plate
in this first reaction we're gonna mix
silver nitrate and sodium chloride and
these numbers in front of the word of
the compounds are the concentrations
which we haven't learned about yet but
you see the point 1 capital M is the
concentration so when we grab the bottle
we just want to make sure that we have
the bottle at this point 1 and silver
nitrate and also 0.1 NaCl so all of the
reactions that we're going to be doing
you want to make observations that are
shot before and after and what you want
to notice is that in particular the NaCl
is just a colorless transparent solution
kinda looks like water and it is
basically that's essentially salt water
for your silver nitrate it's hard to
tell because it's in a color dark a
colored container but if I hold it at
the right angle you can kind of get the
sense that it - is this it's a solution
and the solution is transparent -
meaning you can see through it and so
you want to observe what happens once
you mix the two things together so let's
go ahead and mix point three drops of
each thing into one of the wells of our
12 ball plate
so yeah you can see pretty colorless
completely colorless and completely
transparent you can just see the well
right through the droplet now we're
going to add look at that drop it's
completely colorless and transparent and
as soon as the two drops mixed or two
met we had a dramatic change so that's a
chemical reaction and you just want to
write in your own words what you are
observing what your how you describe
this
and I think you might be able to see a
little bit um yeah yeah you can even
kind of lift some of that out of the
solution so just describe what happened
there in your own words okay next we're
going to do we have PB no3 and ki and
again they're both the point 1m solution
so we notice that this container has a
colorless transparent liquid in it and
the drops that are coming out are also
colorless and transparent so you have
three drops that that was the potassium
iodide and now we're going to add the
lead nitrate
so just describe your own words what
what happened there
okay next we have zinc nitrate and
potassium carbonate it doesn't really
matter what order you mix these em so
I'm going to get three drops of each
this reaction maybe is a little bit
slower but definitely see something
happened in their excrements me of
egg-drop soup
okay next we're doing iron nitrate and
potassium hydroxide
[Music]
this reaction is a little bit strange I
have to admit because I don't know if
you notice it I did but the droplet
wasn't colorless and it wasn't
transparent it seemed a little bit
cloudy going in I think our iron nitrate
might be a little bit contaminated we I
think we might have some iron
precipitation in the bottle itself let
me show you that bottle
real quick you can see from the bottle
that there's like maybe some solid stuff
in the bottom and it's definitely not
colorless so I think our iron nitrate
may be a little bit old and so we may
have already had some solid but you were
supposed to observe another
precipitation reaction here so it was I
think it was supposed to be transparent
and then it was supposed to precipitate
once you combine them that's what you're
gonna want to write to the answer and
that one make sure that you do record
that there was a precipitation reaction
with them okay then our fifth reaction
is with sodium phosphate and calcium
nitrate so let's go ahead and do this
one these ones are both clear and
transparent
and the colorless on transmitter clear
and transparent are the same name the
same thing something can be transparent
and also be colored transparent just
means you can see through it okay so
clearly we have some reaction
okay so that's our first five reactions
now the next five reactions are not
happening in 1200 plates so we are going
to set up some test tubes for that okay
so we have our test tube setup or a test
tube picked out here and to this test
tube we're going to combine some sodium
hydroxide and some hydrochloric acid so
NaOH plus HCL we're going to use a 1
milliliter pipette to do this and we're
just going to fill this pipette to the
this mark right here on the neck we need
2 milliliters of our 6 molar HCl to
start I'm going to fill it up twice
there you go that's good enough
so you want to make sure that the tip of
the pipette stays in the solution while
you're suctioning up the fluid whatever
or whatever it is that you're suctioning
there you go that's good
so you have two milliliters of the HCL
perfect we actually want to use a
different pipette to put into the three
molar sodium hydroxide because we're
using we're putting the pipette directly
into the container we don't want to
cross contaminate so I don't want to get
any of the HCL into this sodium
hydroxide - all right so we have two
milliliters of hydrochloric acid and
test tube and now we're adding in we're
going to add four milliliters of the
sodium hydroxide we want to try to
observe make any observations that we
can about what's happening in this
reaction so I want you to kind of notice
the cloudiness that's happening along
the walls of the test tube right above
the liquid level
and I want you to go ahead and touch the
test tube my assistant here is gonna
tell me go ahead and grab it with a few
fingers what do you think or say again
it's a warm it's getting hot it's
getting hot all right so those are the
observations that we want to make both
that you see you can see some sort of
like condensation on the wall of the
test tube and also it's getting hot all
right then
my next reaction is going to be on the
combination of a milliliter of six molar
HCl and 0.1 molar or 6m HCl endpoint and
three milliliters of 0.1 m na2co3 yeah
yep so we're going to put one pipette of
that of the 6m HCl
and then we're going to do three pipette
pulls of this the sitting parting what
do you see there what's happening there
too
ooh I feeling it nothing was happening
it's not warm this time it's not warm
and that was a super exciting reaction
hopefully you did notice that there were
bubbles and maybe you noticed that there
were more bubbles with the first
milliliter that we put end on the last
one okay next we have the combination
hydrochloric acid um HCl and a piece of
mosses ink so the Macias ink is the
stuff in the the vial there yeah that
stuff it's just ink basically but if I'm
sure why they go it Wasi um it's just
solid zinc and what we're gonna do is
combine some of this solid zinc with HCL
in a test tube all right so reaction
number eight combines mossie zinc with
six molar HCL so we're just gonna pour a
little bit of the zinc particles it's
actually just solid zinc I'm not sure
why it's called mossie but we're just
going to pour a piece or two of the
solid zinc into a test tube and then
we're going to add the right amount of
six more you see oh that's good so you
can kind of see it down there in the
test tube
litter this
so we're adding it in the HDL right now
and you can see
we're getting a lot of fizzing in part
two we're supposed to light a match and
hold it over the mouth of this test-tube
so we're gonna do that next and we want
to watch both what happens at the mouth
of the test tube and down at the bottom
of the test tube did you hear the sound
so any love you are able to see or
notice but again we have this sort of
cloudiness along the wall fantastic well
I did one more time you think that's
kind of dark background you gonna push
the test tube rack out of them lay there
so now we have the black background
it's not enough yes so we're waiting for
a buildup of the gas inside the test
tube and once we have enough of it in
there then we can light it and try again
you hear this little chirping sound as
the sound of the gas igniting all right
this is reaction number nine and in this
reaction we're going to combine going to
put some mossy zinc into three
milliliters of the cuso4 which is copper
sloping so we're going to put three
Millers the copper sulfate into this
test tube here and go ahead and make
some observations about the copper
sulfate in your notebook now
we're gonna add in the Massey's Inc
alright and this fraction doesn't happen
quite as dramatically but go ahead and
hook up the test tube and kind of shake
it around swirl it and can you make any
observations about what is happening
there's a little bubble there can you
can uh try to get it off so what is
happening to that zinc to the zinc what
looks different now than when it started
you
you
that's basically it for that one I mean
that you just wanted to notice the
difference in the zinc with time
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