Visual Turn in IR : Films

Summary

This lecture explores the 'visual turn' in International Relations (IR) through films, emphasizing their importance in conveying narratives and ideas. It discusses the evolution of IR from realism to reflectivism, highlighting new issues like climate change and pandemics. Films such as 'Before the Flood' and 'Contagion' are analyzed for their contribution to research and debate in IR, illustrating the shift towards non-traditional security threats and the role of visual media in shaping global governance discourse.

Takeaways

• 🎥 The lecture emphasizes the importance of studying narratives in International Relations (IR) through visual frameworks, particularly films.
• 🌐 Films are considered a visual art form that can simulate experiences and communicate ideas, stories, perceptions, and feelings, making them a valuable tool for understanding IR.
• 📚 The 'visual turn' in IR is highlighted as a significant development, where images and visual media play a crucial role in shaping our understanding of global politics.
• 👨‍🏫 The utility of movies and films in teaching IR is discussed, suggesting they can enhance students' knowledge about international politics by providing a 'window on the world'.
• 💬 The lecture discusses the evolution of IR as a discipline, from realism to the inclusion of perspectives like neoliberalism, reflectivism, feminism, and environmentalism.
• 🌿 The concept of sustainable development is introduced, emphasizing the need to balance present needs with the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
• 🌍 The importance of environmental issues in IR is underscored, with climate change, biodiversity, and global warming being integral parts of today's diplomatic relations.
• 🌱 The documentary 'Before the Flood' is mentioned as an example of how films can raise awareness about global governance and environmental issues.
• 🦠 The lecture also touches on the role of films in depicting non-traditional security threats, such as pandemics, and how they can inform research and public understanding.
• 📖 Several academic works are cited that explore the relationship between film, visual politics, and IR, suggesting that films are not just entertainment but can also be a method for research and knowledge dissemination.
• 🔍 The challenges and opportunities of using films to teach and understand IR are acknowledged, encouraging a deeper analysis of the messages films convey about research, visibility, and knowledge.

Q & A

What is the main focus of the lecture on visual turn in IR films?

The lecture focuses on the importance of studying the narrative of International Relations (IR) through a visual framework, particularly films, and how they add to research and analytical information in the discipline.

How do films contribute to the understanding of IR?

Films contribute to the understanding of IR by simulating experiences and communicating ideas, stories, perceptions, and feelings, providing a window on the world and enhancing students' knowledge about international politics.

What challenges does the visual turn in IR present?

The visual turn presents challenges in teaching IR as it requires understanding the complex interplay between visual politics, aesthetics, and the spatial aspects of IR, as well as the need to critically analyze the messages conveyed by films.

What is the significance of the quote by Robert Altman mentioned in the lecture?

The quote by Robert Altman emphasizes the transformative power of filmmaking, suggesting that films can offer a deep understanding of various lifetimes and experiences, which is crucial for comprehending the diverse narratives in IR.

How does the lecture relate the visual turn in IR to the broader IR discipline?

The lecture relates the visual turn to the broader IR discipline by discussing how films can reflect and influence the theoretical debates within IR, such as realism, neoliberalism, and reflectivism, as well as new issues like sustainability and climate change.

What is the role of non-state actors in the context of IR as discussed in the lecture?

The lecture highlights that non-state actors, such as markets and industries, play a significant role in IR, moving away from the traditional focus on state-centric realism towards a more inclusive understanding of global politics.

How does the lecture connect the concept of sustainable development to IR films?

The lecture connects sustainable development to IR films by illustrating how documentaries like 'Before the Flood' can effectively communicate the urgency of environmental issues and the need for sustainable development practices.

What does the lecture suggest is the importance of the 'visual turn' in understanding contemporary IR?

The lecture suggests that the 'visual turn' is important in contemporary IR because it allows for a more nuanced understanding of global issues through visual narratives, which can influence perceptions and inform policy.

How does the lecture address the role of films in depicting non-traditional security threats?

The lecture addresses the role of films in depicting non-traditional security threats by analyzing movies like 'Outbreak' and 'Contagion', which illustrate the potential impact of pandemics and the importance of global cooperation in addressing such threats.

What are the key takeaways from the lecture regarding the use of films in IR education?

The key takeaways are that films can serve as valuable educational tools in IR by providing visual narratives that enhance understanding of complex issues, stimulate debate, and offer research insights, but also present challenges that require critical analysis.

How does the lecture suggest films can influence the research and discourse in IR?

The lecture suggests that films can influence the research and discourse in IR by presenting visual representations of global issues, challenging traditional perspectives, and prompting a rethinking of IR theories and practices.

Outlines

00:00

🎥 Visual Turn in IR Films

The lecture introduces the concept of the 'visual turn' in International Relations (IR), emphasizing the importance of analyzing narratives through a visual framework. It discusses the significance and challenges of situating IR issues within films, which are a form of visual art that communicates ideas, stories, and perceptions. The lecture references the works of Robert Altman and Peter Jackson to highlight the immersive and personal nature of filmmaking. It also mentions the increasing importance of images in IR, as noted by Michelle and Robert Gregg, and how films can serve as a window to the world, aiding in the understanding of international politics.

05:01

🌿 IR Paradigms and Environmental Issues

This section delves into the evolution of IR as a discipline, initially dominated by realism, then moving towards a reflectivist perspective that acknowledges human agency and individual experiences. It discusses the emergence of new issues post-Cold War, such as feminism, environmentalism, and critical security studies, which have become integral to the IR agenda. The concept of sustainable development, as defined by the Brundtland Commission in 1987, is highlighted, emphasizing the need to balance present needs with future generations' abilities. The lecture also references Leonardo DiCaprio's documentary 'Before the Flood' and his address to the United Nations, underscoring the urgency of environmental issues in global governance.

10:03

🌐 Redefining Security in IR

The paragraph discusses the redefinition of security and IR in the modern context, moving beyond traditional state-centric views to include economic, health, and environmental securities. It mentions the COVID-19 pandemic's impact on rethinking warfare and security, distinguishing between pandemics and epidemics. The lecture references the IPBES report, which warns about future pandemics, and the importance of understanding the interconnectedness of ecological issues, climate change, and biodiversity in global governance. It also introduces the film 'Outbreak' as an example of how films can reflect and predict IR issues.

15:03

📽️ Films as a Medium for IR Issues

This section explores how films like 'Outbreak' and 'Contagion' have depicted important IR issues such as pandemics, highlighting the role of visual media in shaping public understanding and discourse. It discusses the academic work of scholars like Cynthia Weber and Joel Campbell, who analyze the relationship between visual culture, space, and power in IR. The lecture emphasizes the importance of considering the spatial and visual aspects of IR, as well as the personal and everyday implications of global politics, as portrayed in films.

20:05

🌟 The Power of Visual Politics

The lecture examines the role of visual politics and aesthetics in IR, particularly in the digital age where the power of images is paramount. It references Sophie Harman's work on the importance of film as a method for research and visibility in IR. The paragraph discusses the evolution of IR theories and concepts through films like 'Star Trek' and 'Star Wars,' which have reflected ideological tensions and power dynamics over time. The lecture also stresses the importance of understanding the political processes of film production and the role of films in disseminating knowledge and information in IR.

25:05

🌱 Challenges and Innovations in Visual IR

The final paragraph summarizes the lecture's key points, emphasizing the importance of the visual turn in IR and the role of films in understanding contemporary issues such as sustainable development, climate change, and pandemics. It acknowledges the challenges and opportunities presented by visual politics and the aesthetics turn in IR, encouraging a deeper analysis of the messages conveyed by films. The lecture concludes by inviting feedback and emphasizing the dynamic and evolving nature of IR as a discipline.

Keywords

💡Visual Turn

The 'Visual Turn' refers to the increased importance of visual media in shaping our understanding of the world. In the context of the video, this concept is used to highlight how films and visual narratives have become integral to interpreting and teaching International Relations (IR). The video mentions that images in IR have become increasingly important, suggesting a shift from text-based analysis to a more visual, multimedia approach.

💡International Relations (IR)

International Relations is the academic study of the relationships between countries and how they interact with each other. The video discusses how IR has evolved from being dominated by realism to incorporating a broader range of perspectives. It also touches upon how IR is studied through films, which provide a visual framework to understand complex international issues.

💡Realism

Realism is a dominant school of thought in IR that focuses on the conflictual aspects of international reality, emphasizing statism, self-help, and survival. The video explains that realism was the first IR debate and has been challenged by other perspectives over time. It also contrasts realism with idealism, which focuses on cooperation.

💡Neorealism

Neorealism is a refined form of realism that views international relations through a structural lens. It suggests that the international system's structure, rather than individual state actions, is the primary determinant of state behavior. The video mentions the 'new neo debate' where neorealism and neoliberalism are contrasted, highlighting the importance of non-state actors.

💡Sustainable Development

Sustainable Development refers to development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. The video discusses the Brundtland Commission's definition and how environmental issues have become an important part of IR, moving away from the traditional focus on state-centric high politics.

💡Pandemic

A pandemic is a widespread disease outbreak that occurs over a large region, crossing international boundaries and affecting a large number of people. The video uses the COVID-19 pandemic as an example to discuss how films can reflect and inform about global health issues, contributing to the understanding of non-traditional security threats in IR.

💡Film

In the video, 'film' is used to refer to motion pictures or movies that communicate stories and ideas through a sequence of images and sound. Films are presented as a medium that can enhance learning about IR by providing a visual representation of complex issues, such as climate change and global governance.

💡Global Governance

Global Governance refers to the complex system of formal and informal institutions, rules, and regulations that guide and manage international affairs. The video discusses how films can contribute to the discourse on global governance by presenting narratives that highlight the interconnectedness of issues like climate change, biodiversity, and sustainable development.

💡Non-Traditional Security Threats

Non-Traditional Security Threats are challenges that do not fit within the conventional understanding of military or political threats. The video mentions pandemics, technology, and ecology as examples of such threats. It suggests that films can play a role in raising awareness and understanding of these issues within the context of IR.

💡Reflectivism

Reflectivism is a perspective in IR that emphasizes the significance of human agency, individual experiences, and the social construction of reality. The video suggests a shift towards reflectivism post-Cold War, indicating a move away from rational perspectives to a more human-centered approach in understanding international politics.

💡Documentary

A documentary is a non-fictional film that presents factual information about a particular subject. The video references 'Before the Flood' as an example of a documentary that contributes to the understanding of environmental issues within IR, illustrating the role of visual media in educating the public about global challenges.

Highlights

Importance of studying IR narratives through a visual framework

Films as a medium to simulate experiences and communicate ideas in IR

Robert Altman and Peter Jackson's perspectives on filmmaking

Visual turn in IR and the increasing importance of images

Utility of movies and films in learning about international politics

Challenges of teaching IR through movies

Realist paradigm and its evolution in IR

Neo-neo debate and the emergence of non-state actors in IR

End of the Cold War and the shift towards reflectivist perspective in IR

Importance of sustainable development in contemporary IR agenda

Our Common Future 1987 report by the Brundtland Commission

The role of visual turn in IR through films like 'Before the Flood'

Leonardo DiCaprio's documentary and UN address on climate change

The multi-dimensional nature of security in IR

Pandemic as a new form of warfare and its impact on IR

IPBES report warning about future pandemics

Films like 'Outbreak' and 'Contagion' reflecting IR issues

Books on the intersection of IR and film

The role of visual politics and aesthetics in IR

Films as a method for research and knowledge dissemination in IR

Challenges and opportunities of the visual turn in IR

Transcripts

[Music]

greetings to all

welcome to cec lecture

the topic of analysis for the lecture is

visual

turn in ir

films

in this lecture

we shall explain the importance of

studying the narrative of ir through the

visual framework

this lecture shall also discuss

importance as well as challenges

in situating issues of international

relations through the films

this lecture shall elaborate on how

films add to research and analytical

information question

in the discipline

film also called in the popular parlance

movie

motion picture

moving picture

photo play

film

is a work of visual art that simulates

experiences

and otherwise communicates ideas stories

perceptions feelings

films enact a story by sound

and a sequence of images

giving the illusion of continuous

movement

robert altman said filmmaking is a

chance to live many lifetimes

peter jackson had said

the most honest form of film making is

to make a film for yourself

now with this let us understand the

visual turn in ir with respect to films

michelle quoted in his work and we

present from there

images in international relations

have become increasingly important

regardless of whether one believes in

the dawn of the

pictorial tongue

so it is very essential to understand

how important images have become in ir

to this the work of robert gregg pointed

out and we quote from there

that what could be utility of movies and

films when we try to look at ir

movies and films help students learn and

enhance their knowledge about

international politics as they

constitute a window

on the

world

now with this let's understand the

problems and challenges of teaching ir

with respect to the movies

to begin with let us first understand

that ir as a discipline was first

dominated by the realist paradigm

the

realism uh the first ir debate namely

the realist versus the idolist debate

there was a debate with respect to

how to and within which manner one

should understand the discipline

the realism focused on the conflictual

aspect of international reality the 3s

of realism namely statism

self-help survival

and in contrast to that the idolist

perspective try to present the

cooperative

side of international reality

with the focus towards important

mo role the morals and the idols and

institutions can play in international

relations

what we see here is that realism though

it remained the dominant narrative but

with time it witnessed the presence of

other perspectives namely which

witnessed the neo-neo debate where both

new realism which is uh which has a

refined form of realism often called as

structural realism the new neo debate if

we see

very new realism and neoliberalism are

being debated

now here and in this debate

we get very important sense namely that

state is no doubt an important actor but

at the same time one cannot ignore the

importance of non-state actors ranging

from market from industry amongst others

so therefore vani also needs to

understand that yes

realism

new realism attempted to see

international relations with the

relative gains framework that is gains

were seen with respect to relative sense

but at the same time what new liberalism

highlighted that gains can be seen in

the absolute gain sense too namely where

ecology

economic development are equally

important

what one sees here is that the end of

the cold war

definitely presented new issues with

respect to theory and practice of

international relations

one finds that there is a movement away

from rational perspective

moving towards a reflectivist

perspective which pointed out the pres

significance of human agency individual

experiences

and herein with this reflectivist

perspective

one finds that

feminism environmentalism

critical study critical security studies

all become important agenda in

sustainable development that is

development which meets the needs of the

present without compromising on the

ability of future generations to meet

their own needs this important

definition of sustainable development

was given by the brunt land commission

in its report our common future 1987.

now as we point out about this report

that is our common future 1987 it is

very important to understand that at

this point there is rethinking of

international relations agenda that is

ir can no longer be studied with respect

to

the issues

from the realist perspective there is

more that is there in the agenda to

study ir that is environment is an

equally important issue so similarly

when we are talking about environment

environment earlier was not given a due

place when in the there was discussion

about high politics area of ir

but with time

environment ecology

climate change global warming greenhouse

effect loss of biodiversity all of these

environmental issues are important part

of diplomatic relations they are

important the agenda for

understanding international global

governance three core elements of

sustainable development as we all know

economic growth social inclusion

environmental protection

so what we see here is today

when we look at tackling climate change

biodiversity laws fostering sustainable

development they are mutually

reinforcing issues

so with this we present you the

important documentary and that's where

we bring the focus toward that how the

visual turn in ir there in the films are

having an important role

leonardo dicaprio uh with the important

documentary before the flood

the another couple of the famous actors

important remarks to the united nations

in 2014 that is you are the last

best hope of earth

we ask you to protect it or we

and all living things we cherish are

history that further another important

quote as we discuss the documentary

before the flood and the court is from

linado di caprio the actor while

addressing the united nations in 2014.

the time to answer the greatest

challenge of our existence

on this planet is

now

you can make history

or be

willified by it

so what we see here is that how the

documentary the very famous documentary

before the flood presented important

issues

concerning global governance through the

medium of the films and yes important

inputs presented in the narrative of the

film they further present important

ideas for research

narrative for debate

further quoting from the remarks of

leonardo dicaprio to the audience at the

2015 global citizen festival that is

we are running out of time

and it is now

incumbent upon all of us

all of you

activists

young and old

to please get involved

quoting further

because the environment and the fight

for the world's poor

are inherently linked

the planet can no longer wait the

underprivileged can no longer be ignored

this is truly our movement for action

please

take action

so what we see here is that environment

such an important concern that is today

when we talk look at climate change

biodiversity laws fostering sustainable

development and all these issues are

important with respect to global

governance narrative so seen in this

scenario

what we see here is that

the

visual turn in ir where we look at films

films

like what we just discussed uh the

important film before the flood this

documentary presented important issues

that we all must reflect on and all of

this recorded aspect further is an

important issue with respect to global

governance narrative moving forward as

you all know that today the contours of

security and international relations

have been redefined as we were just

discussing discussing the new neo debate

looking at the further taking things

further with the rational versus

reflectivist turn we have to understand

that today security is multi-dimensional

of course state is an important act of

international relations but and military

security is always sacred but at the

same time economic security at the same

time health security cannot be ignored

so

what the world witnessed the pandemic

and the pandemic really led to

rethinking also over the nature of

warfare that is earlier warfare was more

direct now pandemic presented important

case studies research inputs with

respect to biowarfare

pandemic is different from epidemic let

us clarify that according to the world

health organization

a pandemic is declared when a new

disease

for which

people

do not have immunity

spreads the world

around the world beyond expectations

epidemic on the other hand

an epidemic is a large outbreak

one that spreads

amongst the population

or region

it is less severe like when you try to

compare and contrast pandemic and

epidemic dear learners you have to

understand that it is less severe

than pandemic due to

limited area of

spread now the intergovernmental science

policy platform on biodiversity and

ecosystem this report is verily

available

ipbes has recently reported released a

report which warns about future pandemic

for the benefit of our learners we'd

like to tell everyone that

intergovernmental science policy

platform on biodiversity and ecosystem

ipbes

it is an independent intergovernmental

body established by united nations in

2012

this body aims to strengthen the science

policy interface for biodiversity and

ecosystem services for the conservation

and sustainable use of biodiversity

long-term human well-being and

sustainable development

now this report

pointed out the recent report pointed

out that covet 19 is the least

sixth pandemic is at least the sixth

pandemic roughly fit race to have taken

place in the last century since the

spanish

influenza pandemic of 1918 in march 2020

further the world health organization

declared covet 19 as a pandemic

three of the pandemics earlier were

caused by influenza viruses one by human

immunodeficiency virus hiv followed by

severe acute respiratory syndrome sars

and then now the covate 19.

now

as we further go into the important

inputs from the debate that is when we

look at the causes almost all the

pandemics so far have been

you know because of zoonosis that is

diseases caused by germs that spread

between animals and people more than 70

percent of emerging diseases such as

ebola zika nipper are caused by microbes

found in animals which spread due to

contact amongst my livestock

livestock and people

what we see here is that as we are

discussing pandemic and today pandemic

is a important research issue today

pandemic discussions are very important

for global diplomatic summits and

occasions

let us now understand that how the

visual turn in i are looking at films

wherein there have been attempt to

understand issues there have been

attempts to reflect on issues of ir

through the pictures through the

films that is to give you an example

here to take the discussion forward with

an example outbreak

outbreak dear learners it's a 1995

american medical disaster film

outbreak has been directed by wolfgang

peterson and it has been based on

richard richard peterson's 1994

non-fiction book the horde zone

now let's understand what was the

outbreak talking about

in the movie outbreak it is shown that

when a deadly virus and this we are

talking about 1995 right at that time

there was no covet pandemic but yes the

movie presented an important audio

visual pictorial image

representation a depiction that is how

do we deal with issues of ayah that when

a deadly virus carried by a monkey host

from the african rainforest starts

infecting the entire population a

handful of scientists struggle to find a

cure

so what we see here is that the

situation what outbreak pointed out

somewhere today when we look at how

pandemics and when how today reports are

pointing out namely as we just

reflected on the ipbes it relays uh the

recent report which warns about future

pandemics so movies like outbreak

already this have discussed it further

to take the discussion forward on the

visual turn in ir looking at films

another important film which depicted an

important agenda of international

relations contagion contagion is 2011

american medical scientist thriller film

directed by stephen soderbergh now when

we try to understand contention this the

plot of the movie concerned the spread

of a virus it was concerned about the

spread of a virus transmitted by

respiratory droplets and fomites so the

important message that contagion

presented that is with respect to

looking at faith

hope

grit sense of community so therefore

what we see that when we look at visual

aspect in ir films have played an

important role right from the issues

concerning ecological issues the need

for important human action the

documentary before the flutter has

talked about it so right from

understanding to important issues of the

pandemic outbreak to contagion has

addressed it let's understand some

important research inputs as we are

debating visual term in ir films

the important work by seen carter

international politics and film

space

vision

power this book is from columbia

university press 2014.

in this book this has been an attempt

made to understand the relation between

the visual

and the spatial

and it is very essential as the book

point out that when we are looking at

the space the vision the power all of it

is constitutive of international

politics

further as the book points out borders

the state of exception

homeland and distant others the

territorial and the imaginative

dimensions of international relations in

particular are very aptly highlighted in

this book that is talking about that is

the

spatial issues

and the visual depiction of that

is an important constituent of

international politics

international politics

is not just something about out there

as the work points out by saying carter

that is the films as we and we are

debating the visual turn in ir the films

helps us to

understand better

helps us better understand how it is

also part

of everyday life

within the state in different

individuals and communities in different

ways and depending on the different

access of difference from gender to

ethnicity so what we see here is that

international politics has been given a

very internalized a very personal

depiction it's just not this is what

seen carter's important argument is seen

carter talking about that international

politics is not just something out there

films help us to understand better how

it is also part of everyday life within

the state

another important work that we must take

into account joel are campbells and

giggs work the final frontier

international relations and politics

through star trek and star wars this

important work from rauman and field

that is it looks into importance of

science fiction

how science fiction

can play an important role not only with

respect to literature

film

and television but also how science

fiction can point out towards tensions

an example of that the ideological

tensions that were there at the time of

cold war or for that matter how

technology has become an important

pillar with respect to power dynamics so

the book

looks into development of star trek star

wars franchises and discusses how their

progression through time

has been illustrated how it has defined

and redefined important theories

important concepts in international

relations another important work so by

sophie

sophie harman that is

seeing politics

film

visual method and international

relations

sophie harmon's work points out that

visual politics and the aesthetics

turn in international relations have

emphasized on the power of image and

world politics we have to understand

that we're living in the digital age we

have to understand that today internet

communications technology play an

important role and in that aspect to

define the narrative of the discipline

the power of the image

is important too

and this is what sophie harmon's work

seeing politics film visual method and

international relations point out that

is visual politics and the aesthetics

turn international relations

it is important to emphasize on the

power of image

so through a detailed exploration of you

know political process of film

production that's very important at how

film production has been looked through

a very deeper lens that is from

inception to co-production to

distribution to exhibition so therefore

with respect to understanding

transnational relations

government gatekeeping

hierarchies of film governance that is

what are the important issues that one

mean needs to understand with respecting

to control

or marginalizing the stories people see

so therefore in seeing politics

important argument the research argument

that has been

put forward how narrative feature film

challenges and advances discipline of

international relations revealing

aspects of politics that would otherwise

remain unseen and address further seeing

politics also impresses upon an import

important fact that film is not only

just a way of communicating research one

has to look at films in a bigger

framework in a bigger canvas it is a

method that produces research

it is a method that leads to visibility

advances research practice and most

important films have a very important

role with respect to dissemination of

knowledge availability of information in

international relations

further so it is very important look at

these innovative and compelling

dimensions that the visual turn in ir is

presenting through films in these books

are seeing politics through a detailed

exploration of the political process of

film production important inputs are

there and that one must take into

account

so dear learners it is very important

for all of us to understand that ir

is a very important discipline and in ir

the agenda of research the agenda of

discourse has always witnessed changes

what will finds that the discipline that

becomes begins with the dominance of

realism

with time with the end of cold war

witnesses new perspective witnesses knew

in size from rationality to

reflectivism and one also finds that in

understanding of narrative of ir in the

contemporary times visual framework is

playing an important role which when we

situate issues of ir through the lens of

the films we get the sense that today

communication perceptions feelings

stories ideas all of them

are impacted by

rampantly well rise and innovation of

information and communication technology

so therefore images have become

important so how so are films films are

not only about presentation but they

have a deeper meaning namely about

knowledge namely about it's an important

window it's an important framework as

robert gregg says on the world so film

make when we try to understand ir

through films no doubt it has challenges

for example when we understand issues

like sustainable development sustainable

development can be better understood by

looking at documentaries like before the

flood issues of climate change

biodiversity global warming are aptly

highlighted by looking at important

depiction in the documentary before the

flood talking about that there is a need

for all of us to safeguard our existence

on this planet

further today

ir is witnessing new forms of

security threats today when security is

no longer seen in traditional sense

non-traditional security threats like

from pandemic to technology to ecology

films have there in also playing an

important role for example outbreak for

example the work of contagion how it

points out that there is a need to look

at the important message the

significance of the visual turn in ir

through the films but however while

understanding the relation between the

visual and the spatial which is no doubt

an important part of international

politics one also has to look at not

only the opportunities but also factor

in the important challenges that are

here visual politics aesthetics turn no

doubt are important and one but one must

also go dwell deeper into the message

the film presents with respect to

research visibility knowledge in order

to make the study more innovative

dear learners we hope that the lecture

on visual turn in ir films presented to

you significant inputs and insights

we look forward to positive encouraging

feedback from you all

thank you very much

[Music]

[Music]

you