躺平思潮已存在上千年！？莊子是中國最早躺平大師？公民不服從的梭羅，躺平了兩年？嬉皮始祖伊比鳩魯，治療人的物慾？無所事事更能反抗資本主義？/ 書來面對EP39 《如何無所事事》Jenny Odell

Summary

本视频深入探讨了躺平哲学，通过斯坦福大学艺术家Jenny Odell的作品《如何“无所事事”》引出躺平的哲学思想。视频分为两部分，前半部分讨论了躺平的理念，如何摆脱资本主义的注意力经济，后半部分则教授如何将注意力从经济转向与社区的生态共存和地方联系。通过引用多位哲学家和艺术家的观点，视频强调了抵抗资本主义、重视无用之事、维护本地生态和社区联系的重要性，并提出了通过躺平来实现社会真正进步的可能性。

Takeaways

• 📚 《如何“什么都不做”》一书由斯坦福大学艺术家珍妮·奥德尔撰写，探索逃离资本主义注意力经济的哲学。
• 🛌 躺平哲学教导我们如何抵抗成为生产力主体的压力，通过享受自己的时间而不是过度工作和追求自我提升。
• 🌿 第二部分书籍聚焦于如何将注意力从经济转移到生态共存和与社区的地方连接，实现抵抗资本主义的哲学。
• 🏭 揭示了从19世纪末美国劳工运动争取的8小时工作制到现代资本主义如何变革人的主观性和商业化个体生活。
• 💡 强调了生活不应仅为赚钱而生存，而应体验生活本身，批判了资本主义下的价值最大化观念。
• 🌳 通过庄子的哲学，展示了“无用”的价值，即通过看似无用实则避免被资本主义利用的生存方式。
• 👩‍🎨 米尔勒·拉德曼·乌克尔斯的“维护艺术”试图使资本主义忽略的护理工作变得可见，强调非人类护理的重要性。
• 📱 讨论了资本主义注意力经济如何通过社交媒体等手段占据我们的注意力，以及如何通过选择性参与来抵抗这一现象。
• 🌍 介绍了以古希腊哲学家伊壁鸠鲁和1960年代嬉皮士运动为代表的躺平实践，以及它们如何反映对抗资本主义和物质欲望的哲学。
• 🌱 生物区域主义和关注地方生态是对抗资本主义和注意力经济的方式，强调了与自然和地方社区的连接和互依关系。

Q & A

《如何“无所事事”》这本书的作者是谁？

《如何“无所事事”》这本书的作者是斯坦福大学的艺术家Jenny Odell。

书中提到的“躺平哲学”是如何帮助我们逃离资本主义的注意力经济的？

躺平哲学教导我们将注意力从经济利益转移到与社区的生态共存和本地联系上，通过实现对资本主义的抵抗哲学，从而逃离资本主义的注意力经济。

为什么说八小时工作制的初衷被资本主义所侵蚀？

八小时工作制的初衷是给予工人自由时间来享受生活，但自20世纪80年代以来，资本主义开始转变人的主体性，将生活视为品牌竞争，导致工作时间和休息时间的界限模糊，八小时之外的时间也被资本主义所殖民。

庄子的哲学在当今社会有何特别的意义？

庄子的哲学尤其在当今资本主义社会中具有相关性，它教导我们认识到'有用'其实是一个非常狭隘的概念，而追求财富使人变得更有用，更容易被公司剥削，相反，变得无用和浪费反而能减少资本主义对你的利用。

Epicurus的哲学对于理解躺平哲学有何帮助？

Epicurus的哲学认为，通过过一种自给自足的乡村生活，可以更清晰地看到自己的欲望，从而认识到许多物质欲望是由广告创造的，并非我们真正想要的产品，从而实现内心的平静和满足。

Diogenes的行动艺术如何影响我们对躺平的理解？

Diogenes通过行动艺术来证明城市人的忙碌并不值得，他故意留在社会中，用行动来证明对世俗公共认为值得忙碌的事情其实只是在假装忙碌，从而唤醒世界。

如何通过日常生活中的小事实践躺平哲学？

我们可以通过做一些资本主义认为不生产性的事情来实践躺平哲学，比如做家务、和宠物玩耍，以及在老板要求加班时选择拒绝，从而保持自己的自由意志。

为什么说抵抗注意力经济是我们每个人都能做的事情？

因为注意力是我们唯一可以支配的资源，当我们关闭注意力时，资本主义就无法利用我们。我们可以选择如何参与社交媒体，拒绝资本主义希望我们参与的方式，保留说“不”的权利。

Bioregionalism（生物区域主义）是如何帮助我们抵抗注意力经济的？

Bioregionalism教导我们关注本地生态，重建人与自然的联系，修复被资本主义破坏的生态环境，通过关注本地生态区域来抵抗资本主义的注意力经济。

Hannah Olam的哲学如何帮助我们理解躺平哲学？

Hannah Olam的哲学教导我们通过在现实空间中出现并参与讨论和行动，来抵抗资本主义的生产力神话，从而带来社会的真正进步。

Masanobu Fukuoka的自然农法如何体现躺平哲学？

Masanobu Fukuoka的自然农法通过不使用化肥和灌溉，直接在秋天播种并使用三叶草代替传统肥料，不追求资本主义农业的生产力，反而能带来更繁盛的果园，体现了躺平哲学中通过“无所事事”来实现更大的进步。

Outlines

00:00

📚 躺平哲学的起源与意义

本段介绍了躺平哲学的起源和意义，强调了抵抗资本主义生产力主体的重要性。通过斯坦福大学艺术家Jenny Odell的书籍《如何“无所事事”》，探讨了如何逃离资本主义的注意力经济，并将注意力转向与社区的生态共存和本地联系。同时，回顾了19世纪末美国劳工运动争取八小时工作制的历史，以及自1980年代以来资本主义如何开始转变人的主体性，商业化自我，并推广每个人都可以是企业家的观念。此外，还提到了意大利哲学家Franco Berardi对资本主义如何通过社交媒体和个人品牌建设侵入个人自由时间的批评，以及如何通过学习庄子哲学来抵抗资本主义。

05:02

🤔 拒绝资本主义的参与方式

这一部分讨论了如何在资本主义体系下选择参与的方式。提到了Facebook工程师Justin Rosenstein和Twitter工程师设计的滑动更新功能，以及如何通过拒绝资本主义希望我们参与的方式来保持自由意志。强调了睡眠作为对抗资本主义的最后防线，以及哲学家Deleuze关于在自由言论社会中保持沉默的权利。此外，还探讨了中世纪天主教传统中的“世界蔑视”概念，以及如何通过精神层面上的拒绝来对抗当今的注意力经济。

10:03

🌿 生态共存与逃离资本主义

本段内容深入探讨了逃离资本主义和实现生态共存的途径。通过介绍古代希腊哲学家伊壁鸠鲁的生活哲学和逃离物质欲望的行为，展示了一种自给自足的生活方式。同时，讨论了美国1960年代嬉皮士运动的兴起，以及年轻人如何通过集体公社的形式来实践理想生活。但同时指出，仅仅逃离资本主义并不能建立乌托邦，而是应该在休息一段时间后更清晰地理解世界，并带着变化回归社会。

15:04

🎭 艺术与行动：拒绝生产力的实践

这一部分通过艺术家Pilvi Takala的行为艺术作品，探讨了故意表现出无所事事的行为如何威胁到工作秩序，并反映出我们如何将工作秩序内化为自身的一部分。同时，介绍了古代希腊犬儒学派哲学家第欧根尼的哲学和行动，以及他如何通过行动艺术来唤醒世界。此外，还提到了台湾表演艺术家谢德庆的作品，以及如何通过在场的拒绝来实现生活的艺术化。

20:05

🌲 生态关注与社会变革

本段内容强调了将注意力转向本地生态的重要性，并介绍了生态学家Robin Wall Kimmerer的观点，以及北美原住民与自然共存的传统。通过讨论资本主义如何导致全球变暖和生态变化，以及台湾鲁凯人如何看待紫色斑点蝴蝶的减少，探讨了生物区域主义的概念。此外，还提到了如何通过关注本地社区和生态来抵抗资本主义的商业逻辑，并举例说明了如何通过集体行动保护公共空间。

25:05

🌾 躺平哲学的实践与社会进步

最后一部分总结了躺平哲学的实践意义，并提出了通过躺平可以比资本主义更有进步的观点。介绍了日本农业家福冈正信发明的自然农法，以及美国加州伯克利地方政府和当地居民如何共同保护一个原住民遗址不受商业化。强调了社会真正的进步不在于生产力的提高，而在于保护那些看似无用但实际上对社会发展至关重要的事物。

Keywords

💡躺平

躺平是指选择不积极参与资本主义生产关系的一种生活态度和哲学。在视频中，躺平与逃避资本主义的注意力经济、追求个人内心的平静和满足联系在一起。例如，通过学习庄子的哲学，认识到'无用'反而是最大的'有用'，从而抵抗资本主义对个人生产力的过度追求。

💡注意力经济

注意力经济是指资本主义社会中，通过吸引和消耗人们的注意力来获取经济利益的现象。视频中提到，社交媒体和互联网名人通过抢夺人们的注意力来获得商业机会，而人们应该学会抵抗这种经济模式，将注意力转移到更有价值的事情上。

💡生态共生

生态共生是指人类与自然环境和其他生物之间相互依存、和谐共存的关系。在视频中，生态共生与躺平哲学紧密相关，提倡人们应该关注本地生态，与自然和社区建立联系，从而实现对资本主义生产方式的抵抗和超越。

💡庄子

庄子是中国古代的一位哲学家，其思想强调自然无为、超越功利的追求。视频中提到庄子的哲学，用以说明在资本主义社会中追求'无用'的价值，可以帮助人们摆脱过度生产和消费的困境，实现内心的自由和宁静。

💡自我优化

自我优化是指个体不断地提升自己的能力、效率和价值，以适应社会和经济的要求。视频中批判了资本主义鼓励个体进行自我优化的观念，认为这种过度追求效率和生产力的生活方式会导致人们忽视生活的本质和个人福祉。

💡生物区域主义

生物区域主义是一种生态和地理的概念，主张人们应该关注并保护本地的生态环境和生物多样性。在视频中，生物区域主义与躺平哲学相结合，鼓励人们将注意力从全球化的资本主义转移到本地的自然环境和社区，从而实现对资本主义生产方式的抵抗。

💡埃皮克提图

埃皮克提图是古希腊哲学家，主张通过自我满足和简化欲望来实现内心的平静和幸福。视频中提到埃皮克提图的哲学，用以说明通过减少物质欲望和追求简单的乡村生活，人们可以摆脱资本主义生产关系的束缚，找到真正的幸福。

💡迪奥根尼

迪奥根尼是古希腊的犬儒学派哲学家，以其对传统价值观和社会习俗的挑战而著名。视频中通过迪奥根尼的故事，展示了一种通过拒绝社会规范和资本主义价值观来实现个人自由和批判现状的生活态度。

💡在地化

在地化是指将注意力和行动集中在本地社区和生态环境上，以促进社区的可持续发展和生态保护。视频中提到在地化的概念，鼓励人们通过参与本地社区活动和关注本地生态，来抵抗资本主义的全球化和商业化趋势。

💡无为

无为是道家哲学中的一个核心概念，主张顺应自然、不强求、不过度干预。在视频中，无为与躺平哲学相联系，提倡人们通过减少对生产力的追求和对自然资源的过度开发，来实现与自然和谐共存的生活方式。

💡内省

内省是指个体对自身思想、情感和行为的反思和审视。视频中提到，通过内省，人们可以更清晰地认识到资本主义生产关系对个人生活的深刻影响，从而选择一种更加符合个人价值观和生活理念的生活方式。

Highlights

年轻人选择躺平的哲学思考

《如何“无所事事”》一书的介绍

逃离资本主义注意力经济的方法

从经济转向生态共存和社区联系

八小时工作制的历史和意义

资本主义如何转变人的主体性

真正的企业家精神是控制内心自我

工作与生活的界限模糊化

生活应被优化，而非作为赚钱工具

庄子哲学在现代社会的相关性

无用之用，对抗资本主义的哲学

重要生活事物在资本主义下无用价值

Mierle Laderman Ukeles的“维护艺术”

抵抗资本主义注意力经济的必要性

社交媒体如何窃取我们的注意力

Deleuze哲学：在社会中说“无”的权利

中世纪天主教传统中的Contemptus Mundi

彻底躺平：逃避资本主义的生活方式

Epicurus哲学：逃离物质欲望

Hippie运动与对资本主义的抵抗

逃离资本主义并非不可能，但需精神层面的抗争

艺术家Pilvi Takala的行为艺术：无生产力的员工

Diogenes哲学：对世俗价值的蔑视

Hsieh Teh-ching的行为艺术：一年无艺术生活

Thoreau的公民不服从与社会变革

抵抗注意力经济：关注本地生态

Hannah Olam哲学：展示空间的重要性

Fukuoka的自然农业法：无为而治

抵抗资本主义：保护非生产性事物

Transcripts

Last time I made a video explaining why young people choose to lie down

The audience reacted enthusiastically

The book I’m going to face today is “How to “Do Nothing””

Let me teach you how to lie down flat

The author of this book is Stanford University artist Jenny Odell

The first half of the book

I need to first tell you the philosophy of lying flat

How to escape the capitalist attention economy

The second half will teach you how to turn your attention away from economics

Shift to ecological coexistence and local connections with communities

Realizing the philosophy of resistance to capitalism

Our current legal working hours are eight hours

It was won by the American labor movement at the end of the 19th century.

The sports theme song at that time was sung

"Eight hours of work, eight hours of rest, and eight hours of yourself."

You have eight hours to yourself to bask in the sun and smell the flowers

do something useless

Instead of using it for self-improvement, working overtime, and making extra money

This was the original intention of workers to fight for free time

But Italian philosopher Franco Berardi pointed out

Since the 1980s

Capitalism begins to transform human subjectivity

Commercialize one’s self

Promote a new idea

Everyone can be an entrepreneur

Everyone should treat their lives as a brand competition

Real entrepreneurs can get back up no matter how many times they fail

No matter what happens, make them stronger, do better, be smarter and happier

Therefore, true entrepreneurial spirit must first control one's inner self, not the external reality.

Labor no longer works 8 hours a day

During off-duty hours, you have to freely take on cases, deliver orders, manage social media, and build your personal brand.

The original 8 hours after get off work

It should allow workers not to work

Now these 8 hours have been colonized by capitalism

Everyone thinks of themselves as running their own businesses like capitalists

But life should be optimized

The concept of value maximization itself has problems

This is tantamount to treating life as a tool for making money

Forgot that life experience itself is the purpose

People make money to experience life

But many people live just to make money

The author said

We should resist becoming productive subjects

Study Zhuangzi’s Philosophy

"Zhuangzi." It is recorded in "The Human World":

A carpenter visited a large oak tree

The carpenter said the tree was big and useless

Not suitable for use as wood

If you use it to make a boat, the boat will sink; if you use it to make a coffin, the coffin will rot.

It's a completely worthless tree

As a result, the oak tree told the carpenter in a dream

Do you want to compare me with those valuable trees?

The final fate of those trees is to be chopped down.

It’s just because I’m not good enough and no one can cut me down

On the contrary, you can survive

My uselessness is my greatest use

If I use it, can it still grow such a big tree?

Zhuangzi’s philosophy is particularly relevant in today’s capitalist society

The more one pursues wealth, the more useful he becomes

The better to be exploited by the company

The result is overtime, overwork, and doing it to death

On the contrary, the more useless and wasteful it becomes

The more capitalism takes advantage of you, the more it can do nothing

The best thing in the world is seeing the smiling faces of our guests

I don't care

nothing to do

On the contrary, you can survive

Zhuangzi's philosophy allows us to see that "useful" is actually a very narrow concept.

Precisely because capitalism pursues usefulness

Leading to endless overconsumption and today’s ecological crisis

In comparison

Many important things in life

It has no use value for capitalism

such as household chores such as taking care of the family

Seen as unproductive by capitalism

You do housework and take care of your significant other

The boss won't pay you either

But the entire human species can continue to reproduce

In fact, it depends on the care of caregivers

Capitalism that blindly pursues productivity

Let us neglect those who take care of us

So artist Mierle Laderman Ukeles has done a lot of "maintenance art"

Trying to make visible the care work that capitalism ignores

This kind of care is not limited to people

Can also be extended to non-humans

Like your dog, cat, or pet

They provide you with physical and mental comfort after get off work

These things are regarded by capitalism as unproductive and unprofitable

But they are actually very important to our physical and mental adjustment

So doing nothing is not really doing nothing.

Instead, do things that capitalism deems unproductive

Like doing housework, playing with pets

If your boss asks you to work overtime

We will immediately become a waste

In addition to resisting becoming a productive subject

We must also resist the capitalist attention economy

Every time there is a new message on social media

Many opinion leaders and internet celebrities will speak on Facebook IG

Everyone is trying to steal your attention

Because traffic is business opportunity

These are the capitalist attention economies

To generate more profits in exchange for your reach

Rather than really caring about social connections

So even Bill Gates strictly regulates the time when children can use mobile phones.

Facebook engineer Justin Rosenstein prevents children from downloading apps at will

Twitter engineers even designed a sliding update after

Saying that your design is not good

But that doesn’t mean you shouldn’t participate in social media

But we can choose how to participate

It’s okay to reject the ways capitalism wants us to engage

Capitalism can exploit your wages and housing prices

But I can't take away your free will

I can't force you to watch it

So attention is the only resource we have at our disposal

When we turn off our attention, capitalism takes advantage of us

So art critic Jonathan Crary said

Sleep is humanity’s last line of defense against capitalism

This is why capital companies design various addictive games and streaming video platforms

Let you stay up late playing games and watching TV shows

Because as soon as you fall asleep, there is less flow and less contact

Companies can place ads, but users can also divert their attention to resist

every time an ad appears

Just divert your attention

Don't look, don't listen

The philosopher Deleuze believes that

People in contemporary society have the right to say nothing

Today's society is different from the period of authoritarian rule

People are not prohibited from expressing their thoughts

Just the opposite

In a society with free speech, people make too many rubbish comments

Capitalism encourages everyone to speak out

Post more on Facebook and IG

Only in this way can we earn traffic

In an age where people are scrambling to express their opinions

Not publishing anything can give people a breather

A temporary withdrawal from capitalism

When capitalism wants to earn our traffic

Let's show our right to say nothing

There is a concept in the medieval Catholic tradition

It’s called Contemptus Mundi

It is to reject this world spiritually

Think that the pleasures in this world are short-lived and false

Not as good as the eternal God

This concept can also be used to combat today’s attention economy

Although we have physical limitations

It's hard to escape capitalism

But we can still say no to capitalism on a spiritual level

When social media steals our attention

Make you think there is something new every day

New controversies, new YouTube videos

The discussions we see on Facebook are not reality

But the reality created by capitalism

At this time we can revive the medieval "renunciation of the world"

reject this false reality

Don’t read, don’t like, don’t share

retain the right to say nothing

In addition to resisting the attention economy

There is also a more thorough way of lying flat

It’s about escaping capitalism.

A 28-year-old mainland internet celebrity was laid off due to the epidemic

After returning to his hometown in Liaoning, he relied on unemployment benefits to live frugally in the countryside.

I have no ambitions in life, I just want to be a happy layman

The ancient Greek philosopher Epicurus can be said to be the earliest ancestor of lying down

He found that urbanites just want to satisfy their empty desires

But never satisfied with what they have

So in order to make more money

You have to work all the time

As a result, it keeps going in circles

Don’t know the source of happiness

So Epicurus left the city and the public

Buy a vegetable garden in the countryside on the outskirts of Athens

Build your own school locally

Trying to use school education to transform people's desires

Epicurus believed

Live a self-sufficient life in the countryside

On the contrary, it allows you to see your desires clearly

You will find that many material desires are created by advertising.

Not that you really want those products

The happiness that people really want is called Ataraxia

What is Ataraxia?

That is, the soul is free from worldly concerns

Get inner peace

The human soul needs more than material satisfaction

But friendship

because of the importance of friendship

Therefore, the Epicurean Academy was the only school at that time that admitted non-Greeks, slaves, and women.

Invite everyone to come and lie down together

Enjoy the happiness of not making money

Look at it from the current perspective

Epicurus’ schools were like “addiction treatment centers”

Human beings are addicted to money and material desires

need to be treated

So lying down is not just passive resistance.

It’s more of a philosophy to treat one’s own desires

Epicurus’s act of escaping from material desires

The hippie movement became popular again in the United States in the 1960s

At that time, young people in the United States were dissatisfied with the government's initiation of the Vietnam War and the apartheid system.

Believe that the older generation and those in power are the source of social chaos

In addition, the Age of Aquarius movement was popular in society at that time.

I think it started in the 1960s

Human civilization has entered Aquarius

Symbolizing the shift from the material level to the spiritual and environmental level

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Therefore, many young people refuse to buy cars or houses.

Raise money with friends to buy a piece of land in the countryside

Create your own ideal community commune in rural areas

More than 1,000 communes appeared in the United States from 1965 to 1970s

But let’s not think that we can just escape capitalism

can build utopia

The vast majority of people in these communes are middle-class white people

Many people actually bring their existing problems to the communes

For example, men have never washed dishes or cooked before

So in the commune, women are responsible for these things

Many women flee again after discovering these problems

Escape brings the problem outside

Therefore, the ancient Greek philosopher Epictetus once criticized Epicurus:

Are you encouraging everyone to avoid problems?

Neglect of civic responsibilities

If everyone does what you do, they will subvert the country and destroy the family

So the author thinks that we should lie down

It’s not about escaping capitalism and never coming back.

It happened to be after taking a break from myself for a while

Can have a clearer understanding of how the world works

See the world clearly and then return to bring changes

In 2008, Deloitte accounting firm hired an employee

Colleagues asked her what she was doing

She said she didn't do anything, she was just thinking about what to do.

What are you waiting for...?

No, I'm just thinking about what I should do

in the elevator

Colleagues asked her where she was going

She said I wasn't going anywhere

Where are you going?

I'm just waiting in the elevator for a moment

OK

I'm trying this mobile place

Sure

This person has nothing to do in the company

It makes other colleagues very impatient

It was revealed later

It turns out this is an action art piece by artist Pilvi Takala

Deliberately pretending to be an idle employee

unproductive

See how others react

The results are experimentally proven

Idleness has the potential to threaten work order

When you deliberately interrupt your daily work routine

People around you will find it strange

This reflects that we have actually internalized the work order into our bones.

This social experiment is not an escape from capitalism

Instead, actively create a structure of rejection.

Refusal to be a productive subject

the art of refusal

Diogenes, a Cynic who dates back to ancient Greece

The philosophy of Diogenes is to despise everything that the world considers worthy of pursuit.

Because there are cracks in everything society should abide by

For example, he believes that education only makes it easier for young people to find jobs after they leave society.

Instead of teaching people how to live a good life

So the textbook is not worth reading at all

He takes action

Go and glue the textbook pages together

This philosophy of action was very appreciated by Alexander the Great

Came here specially to visit Diogenes

Tell him: If you need anything, just tell me

Diogenes replied:

I need you to get out of the way, you're blocking my sunlight

When the Macedonians were about to attack his city-state Corinth

Everyone is ready to prepare for war

Everyone guessed that Diogenes must have nothing to do again

Unexpectedly, Diogenes was busy pushing his pottery instead

Others ask him what are you doing?

He just said

Make yourself look as busy as you guys

through this irony

Revealing what the secular public considers worthy of busyness

In fact, I'm just pretending to be busy.

You think you are fighting for the economy

Work hard to make money

In fact, it’s all just mediocrity

So Plato called Diogenes the crazy Socrates.

Socrates used dialogue to stimulate people's philosophical thinking

But Diogenes used action art to awaken the world

Unlike Epicurus, who fled to the countryside and built his own utopia

Instead, stay in the city and use your actions to prove that the busyness of urbanites is not worth it.

Diogenes deliberately wanted to stay in this society

Use action to create a rejection in place

Tell you what to do when society asks you to

You just don't do this

Taiwan-born performance artist Hsieh Teh-ching can be said to be the Taiwanese version of Diogenes

His artistic performances are full of rejection on the spot

For example, his 1985 work "No Art Piece"

Just don’t create anything for a whole year

Not looking at works of art

Not talking about art

Living a life without art for a year

Why is this kind of doing nothing an art?

Xie Deqing said

People always say that to make life full of meaning, you must fill up your time

But what if we clear the time?

Hsieh Teh-ching's performance art is like a kind of in-situ rejection of Taiwanese society

Because children in Taiwan have their schedules filled up by their parents since childhood.

As if this is a productive life

Only when you grow up can you have a good job

Taiwanese people all live this kind of arranged punch-in life.

Reject this violent structure

Hsieh Deqing lived a life of doing nothing for a year

This kind of rejection is an art of living

I would say all I'm doing is living

Because all art comes from life

Live life, live art, that is, spend time

Let time pass, that's what I'm doing

Rejection on the spot can sometimes even lead to social change

Like Thoreau, the founder of American civil disobedience

He once went to live in seclusion by Walden Pond and lay in bed for two years.

Thoreau said:

I stay away from the crowd and live a simple life in a cabin because I want to live cautiously

See what things are fundamental to life

Eliminate all unnecessary things in life

So that when I die, I will realize that I have never lived at all

The two years of seclusion experience

Allowed Thoreau to look at American society at that time from a distance

At that time, Americans were all flocking to praise slavery.

Waging war against Mexico

But Thoreau wrote "On Civil Disobedience":

American soldiers who went to fight in Mexico are no more worthy of respect than a piece of soil

He advocated "If the essence of the law is to make you an accomplice to injustice, then I would say, just break the law."

If enough people in society choose to exercise moral judgment

Instead of continuing to play this unfair game

Then this game has a chance to change

This theory of civil disobedience became a political philosophy

Further influence on later Gandhi, Martin Luther King Jr.

And the reason why Thoreau was able to refine this theory

It was because of his seclusion experience that he was able to change his perspective

Looking at problems from outside the system

Of course, not everyone can easily practice "refuse on the spot"

If you are already a low-paid person

It’s too late to work hard to make money to support the family

It's impossible to say I won't go to work tomorrow

This is why mass rejection campaigns always happen to students

Because students don’t need to support their families yet

Can resist state violence and capitalism regardless of the consequences

Now let's do an attention experiment

Please count the people looking at the white shirts

How many times did they pass the ball in total?

The answer is 16 times

But when you count the times

Have you noticed

A chimpanzee appears on the screen

This experiment was designed by psychologist Daniel Simons

Used to prove that people cannot see things outside their attention span

You can't see the chimpanzee if you only look at the man in the white shirt

Inattentional blindness

We often ignore what is right in front of us

Capitalism has caused people in contemporary society to suffer from inattentional blindness

Just swiping on my phone

Not paying attention to things around you

Because there are always new messages on our phones to distract us

Within a few minutes I wanted to check my phone

In fact, William James, the father of psychology, discovered long ago

Human attention is inherently

Just assume that there must be something new to pay attention to

So attention tends to be attached to new things

Distraction is normal

On the contrary, it requires willpower to concentrate.

So resist the attention economy

We must allow things that we have not noticed before to enter our consciousness.

What to do?

We can create a structure that focuses attention

Imagine when you fall in love

You'll feel like the world around you completely disappears

Because all your attention is on your lover

This is how love creates a structure of attention

Many works of art can achieve the same effect

For example, artist Scott Polach curated art exhibitions

「Applause encouraged」Applause encouraged

in this exhibition

Participants are prohibited from using mobile phones

I could only sit there and watch the sunset for 30 minutes

When the sun goes down, please applaud

This brief detachment

Let your attention be focused on the sunset

After it’s over, you’ll see the world from a new perspective

Another more famous example

It's 4 minutes and 33 seconds of American musician John Cage

Nothing is played in this piece of music

You can't hear any piano sound for 4 minutes and 33 seconds

Only the small sounds from the audience are heard

So in fact, every performance is performed by the audience present.

Let the audience feel that all the sounds around us can be music

What's even more amazing is

After leaving the concert hall

You will find that the world you hear becomes different

Because the performance of 4 minutes and 33 seconds creates a rupture of attention

after a moment of silence

On the contrary, it will highlight the subtle sounds after amplification

Every sound around you becomes crystal clear

Your ears finally truly hear the world

This is taking advantage of a moment of idleness

to create the structure for yourself to focus

When we are commuting to and from get off work

Most people probably use their mobile phones on the MRT and buses.

Focus on the online space

And ignore the strangers around you

Or every time there is an earthquake in Taiwan

The first thing many people do is post on Facebook

Originally, the earthquake was supposed to be a natural disaster that brought people back from the Internet to reality.

But our attention is controlled by social media

In fact, encounters in cyberspace

You saw the post on Facebook

Or dating software, online communities

All set according to your preferences

has very clear instrumental value

Exclude people you don’t want to see

in other words

Encounter in cyberspace is a created reality

Deliberately use your preferences to attract your attention

In the end, we will only come into contact with people who have the same opinions and interests as us

But the real philosophy of lying down

We must reject the utilitarian orientation of capitalism

Make friends without purpose

Resisting the attention economy

look at the strangers around you

Might not help your career

Doesn't make you more productive

There is no way for you to find love

But treat strangers with a Buddhist mentality

On the contrary, it will bring more surprises in life

Such encounters with strangers are not limited to humans

Can also be non-human

Because animals and plants can also be our neighbors

In fact, before the 18th century, capitalism had not yet expanded to all parts of the world.

Many aboriginal languages ​​use anthropomorphic titles to describe mountains, rivers and land.

But in the process of capitalist colonization

These deep relationships with animals and plants have been belittled as "superstition" and "unscientific"

Many Aboriginal languages ​​have been lost

Learn the colonizer's language instead

That is English

In English, it is used to refer to animals and plants

Treat animals and plants as lower than humans

Ignores hundreds of years of interaction between human ancestors and plants and animals

In fact, both parties have evolved together

Ecologist Robin Wall Kimmerer points out:

The aborigines of North America have collected a plant called cogongrass since ancient times.

This collection habit has made cogongrass gradually become dependent on humans.

If humans collect too much, it will damage the ecology

But if humans don’t collect it, this species will become extinct.

Plants and humans need each other's attention to survive

So resisting the attention economy is not passively resisting capitalism.

Instead, we actively return attention to local ecological areas.

Environmental campaigner Peter Berg calls this

Bioregionalism Bioregionalism

Stop treating humans as the center

Animals, plants, mountains and forests can all be our neighbors

Start to get to know the local animals, plants, mountains, forests, and rivers

and think about how humans and local ecology depend on each other

For example, in Taiwan, 500,000 purple-spotted butterflies used to come to Taiwan to spend the winter every year.

But capitalism causes global warming

As a result, the number of purple-spotted butterflies coming to Taiwan is decreasing.

As a result, people’s eyeballs cannot be separated from their mobile phones

You won’t notice that the surrounding ecology has been changed by capitalism

On the contrary, Taiwan's aboriginal Rukai people regard the purple-spotted butterfly as a friend.

When friends stop visiting your home this year

Let them be alert to the seriousness of the problem

This bioregionalism is a revolt against capitalism

Because capitalism hopes to cut off the connection between man and nature

Let people regard nature as a resource that can be commodified

The last step in fighting the attention economy

Just focus on localization

When we lie down and scroll through Facebook and IG

See gossip news, industry matches, celebrity controversies

Our brains are actually unable to organize this content into a meaningful whole

Because they are not related to each other in the first place

Media scholar Danah Boyd calls this a breakdown in context

The success of many personal brands and Internet celebrities is to take advantage of the collapse of the context

In order to make their posts and videos reach more audiences

They often interpret things out of context

This way you can please everyone

Therefore, social media and self-media do not actually promote discussion.

Instead, it causes the veins to disappear

Resist the business logic of capitalism’s pursuit of traffic

We can re-localize communities

The philosopher Hannah Olam pointed out

many social changes in history

It all happens in the space of appearance (space of appearance)

Such as cafes, bars, parks

People show up in real space, discuss and act together

The arguments from both sides stirred up new sparks

Only then will new collective strength be generated

But on social media

The two sides with different opinions usually become more polarized the more they discuss it.

Instead, in the space of the real world

Can filter out the villagers who only have one mouth to speak

For example, a park is a space for showing up

Because the park you see now

Each relies on local residents showing up to resist capitalist land development.

Only then can it survive

For example, Glen Canyon Park in San Francisco

There is a trail called Gum Tree Girls

It is to commemorate the three women who took the lead in blocking the then government

to have the highway go through this canyon park

Parks are a successful example of resistance to capitalism

So to understand who in the past successfully protected the park we see now

It’s a way to connect with the local community

Showing up to resist also debunks the productivity myth of capitalism

Capitalism believes that productivity is building new things

But actually

Many new constructions are destroying original ecosystems, communities, and public spaces

It’s just that these damages are invisible to capitalism

So we should not mistakenly think that lying down means opposing progress.

The lie-flat philosophy just proves that doing nothing can make more progress than capitalism

For example, the Japanese agriculturist Masanobu Fukuoka

He invented a natural farming method that does nothing.

He once saw an abandoned field covered with green grass

Discover that the land has its own wisdom

Therefore, we came up with a farming method that does not require fertilizers or irrigation.

Direct sow seeds in the fall and use clover instead of traditional fertilizers

Not deliberately pursuing capitalist agricultural productivity

On the contrary, it can lead to more prosperous orchards

Masanobu Fukuoka wrote this philosophy in the book "The Revolution of a Straw"

Shocking the Western Ecological Circle

West Berkeley local government in the United States in 2017

Want to build a building on the site of a local Aboriginal shell midden

He said he wanted to turn this place into a profitable commercial space.

Local residents collectively protest

Request that the sanctity of this site be preserved

cannot be commercialized

Instead, they sing, dance and hold ceremonies locally

Tribal leader Ruth Orta worked with even landscape architects

Transform an underground shell mound into a large-scale memorial site

The site has no commercial value

But it can let the world witness local culture

This is the real progress of a society

In today’s video, we systematically introduce the philosophy of lying flat

Zhuangzi’s philosophy teaches us to resist the subject of productive forces

The more useless I am

The more capitalism takes hold of me, there is nothing I can do

Deleuzian philosophy teaches us the right to say nothing

There is something new on social media that we need to leave a message for

we just stay silent

Epicurean philosophy teaches us to cure our desires

See clearly that the material desires instilled by capitalism cannot make people happy at all

The philosophy of Diorgnes and Thoreau teaches us to refuse on the spot

When capitalism is rife with injustice

We must practice civil disobedience

Bioregionalism teaches us to turn our attention to local ecology

Rebuilding the connection between people and nature

Repair the ecological environment destroyed by capitalism

Hanna-Olan's philosophy teaches us the space to show up

Show up to resist and protect the unproductive things

On the contrary, it can bring real progress to society