INDIAN INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION किसके वजह से हो पाया? | Industrial Revolution in India

Gaurav Thakur

9 Feb 202212:01

Summary

TLDRThe script discusses the impact of British rule on India's industrial revolution, highlighting the decline of India's textile industry from 30% exports to just 3% post-British arrival. It explores India's ancient manufacturing skills in iron and steel, and how British policies led to the monopolization of Indian markets, causing a significant economic downturn. Despite this, India eventually learned to stand on its own, with the post-independence era seeing a resurgence in industrial growth, leading to a new dawn for Indian industries. The narrative emphasizes the struggle and eventual triumph of India's industrial sector against colonial exploitation.

Takeaways

📚 The British Industrial Revolution had a profound impact on India, leading to a significant decline in India's textile industry exports from 30% to 3%.
🔍 The script questions the extent of British involvement in India's Industrial Revolution and how it changed India's landscape and identity.
🏭 Despite India's potential for industrial growth, it was not realized due to British colonial policies that favored British industries over Indian ones.
🌐 The script highlights India's ancient industrial prowess in manufacturing, including textiles, iron and steel, jewelry, and handicrafts, which were exported globally.
📉 The British rule led to a decline in Indian industries, with the textile industry being a prime example of the negative impact of colonial policies.
🛑 Post-independence, India faced challenges in reviving its industries, but the efforts of Indian entrepreneurs and business families like the Tatas and Walchands played a crucial role in rebuilding the industry.
🚀 The establishment of companies like the Tata Iron and Steel Company in 1907 marked a turning point in India's industrial resurgence.
🌟 The script emphasizes the importance of self-reliance and the role of Indian industries in the country's economic growth, even during the global economic challenges.
🛠 The World War II period provided an opportunity for Indian industries to grow as they supplied goods and materials for the war effort, leading to a surge in industrial output.
💡 The post-independence economic policies, including the Five-Year Plans and the License Raj, initially hindered the growth of private industries but later liberalization in the 1990s opened up new opportunities for economic growth.
📈 India's economic growth rate has increased significantly since the 1990s, with the economy expanding at a rate of 6.3% and its world trade share increasing from 0.4% to 1.5% by 2016.

Q & A

What was the primary impact of the British on India's industrial sector during their rule?
-The British severely damaged India's industrial sector, especially the textile industry. India's textile export reduced from 30% to just 3% during British rule.
How did India’s textile industry perform before the British arrived?
-Before the British arrived, India's textile industry was flourishing, contributing significantly to the global market with a 30% share in exports.
What was the role of the Battle of Plassey and the Battle of Buxar in British control over Indian industries?
-The British gained significant power over India after the Battle of Plassey in 1757 and the Battle of Buxar in 1764, which allowed them to dominate Indian governance and economy, including monopolizing trade and exploiting India's industries.
How did the British use India’s raw materials to their advantage?
-The British purchased Indian raw materials, particularly textiles, at very low prices, processed them in British factories, and then exported the finished products globally, including back to India at higher prices.
What was the condition of India’s economy and industries by the mid-19th century under British rule?
-By the mid-19th century, India’s industries were severely crippled. Textile exports, once a significant portion of the economy, had dropped drastically, and local industries could not compete with British goods, leading to economic decline.
What was the significance of the establishment of cotton mills in India in the 19th century?
-The establishment of cotton mills in India, like the first mill in 1851, marked an attempt by Indian entrepreneurs to revive the industrial sector and compete with British textile imports, providing a foundation for India's industrial recovery.
How did the American Civil War impact India’s cotton industry?
-The American Civil War in 1861 created a shortage of cotton exports from the US, leading Britain to increase its reliance on Indian cotton. This boosted India's cotton industry, particularly in places like Bombay, and helped revive the industrial sector.
Who were some key Indian industrialists involved in reviving Indian industries during British rule?
-Key Indian industrialists like the Tata family, Wadias, and others played a critical role in reviving Indian industries, establishing textile and steel companies that helped India regain industrial strength.
What was the impact of World War I on India's industrial sector?
-World War I increased the demand for Indian-made products, especially textiles and steel, which boosted India’s industrial production as Indian industries supplied goods to British and allied forces.
How did India's independence in 1947 affect its industrial development?
-After independence in 1947, India faced significant economic challenges but sought to rebuild its industries. Government policies focused on industrialization, leading to significant growth in sectors like steel, pharmaceuticals, and textiles.

Outlines

00:00

📚 Impact of British Rule on Indian Industries

The paragraph discusses the impact of British rule on Indian industries. It highlights how India's textile industry, which once thrived with 30% export before the British arrived, plummeted to only 3% after their rule. The script questions the extent of British contribution to India's industrial revolution and how it changed the face and identity of India. It also mentions the role of Indian industries in the 12th Five Year Plan and the struggle to stand on their own without British support. The narrative points out how British policies led to the decline of Indian industries and how India had to learn to stand up on its own after their departure.

05:01

🔄 Resurgence of Indian Industries Post-Independence

This paragraph talks about the challenges India faced in reviving its industries after gaining independence. It emphasizes the struggle of Indian industries to regain their footing in the global market. The summary mentions key events and milestones such as the establishment of the first point mail bomb screening and weaving company in 1851, which provided a new direction for Indian industries. It also discusses the role of Indian business families like Tata and Vardiya in saving Indian industries and the impact of American Civil War on Indian cotton production. The paragraph outlines the efforts of Indian industries to compete with British and American steel industries and the significant turning points like Indian Independence in 1947, which marked a new beginning for Indian industries.

10:01

🚀 India's Economic Reforms and Global Integration

The final paragraph focuses on India's economic reforms and its journey towards globalization. It covers the period of import substitution to promote domestic industries, the slow growth of the Indian economy due to restrictive policies, and the eventual liberalization that began in the 1980s. The summary highlights the shift towards a market economy, the adoption of liberalization, privatization, and globalization, and the significant increase in India's GDP growth rate and its share in world trade. It also mentions the challenges faced by Indian industries in competing with global companies and the success of Indian industries like Pharmaceuticals and Petrochemicals in the global market.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Industrial Revolution

The Industrial Revolution refers to the transition to new manufacturing processes in the period from the 18th to 19th century, which replaced the old individual crafts with large-scale factories. In the context of the video, the Industrial Revolution is discussed as a transformative period that brought about significant changes in India's industrial landscape, particularly in the textile industry. The script mentions how the British rule impacted Indian industries, leading to a decline in exports from 30% to 3% after the British arrived.

💡British Rule

British Rule in India refers to the period from 1858 to 1947 when India was under the colonial administration of the British Crown. The video discusses the impact of British rule on Indian industries, suggesting that it led to the decline of traditional Indian industries like textiles, handicrafts, and jewelry, which were once thriving and exporting globally.

💡Textile Industry

The textile industry involves the production of fibers, yarns, fabrics, and clothing. The script highlights the textile industry as a significant part of India's economy before the British rule, where it was a major exporter. Post British rule, the industry faced a downturn, with exports dropping drastically, illustrating the negative impact of colonial policies on Indian industries.

💡Handicrafts

Handicrafts are objects made by hand, often with a high degree of artistic skill. The video mentions that India was renowned for its handicrafts, such as pottery, brass, silver, and copper work, which were famous worldwide. However, the British rule is said to have disrupted these industries, leading to a decline in their production and export.

💡Monopoly

A monopoly refers to a market condition in which one company controls the total supply of a particular commodity or service. The script discusses how the British established a monopoly over Indian trade, collecting land revenue and controlling the duty and tax-free trade, which stifled the growth of Indian industries and limited their ability to compete.

💡Economic Policy

Economic policy refers to the actions and strategies implemented by governments to influence economic variables such as economic growth, inflation, and employment. The video describes how the British implemented economic policies that favored their own industries over Indian ones, causing a shift in the balance of trade and a decline in the value of Indian goods.

💡Deindustrialization

Deindustrialization is the process of decline in the importance of industrial sectors in the economy. The script uses the term to describe the decline of India's industrial sectors, particularly after the British rule, which led to a shift from being a major exporter to a mere 3% of what it used to be.

💡 Tata Group

The Tata Group is a global enterprise headquartered in India, and it has a significant presence in various sectors. The script mentions the Tata Group as a key player in India's industrial revival, particularly with the establishment of Tata Iron and Steel Company Limited in 1907, which was a significant step towards self-reliance in heavy industries.

💡Independence Movement

The Independence Movement refers to the various campaigns and efforts to end British rule in India and to establish an independent nation. The video discusses the post-independence period as a turning point for India's industrial resurgence, where the country had to rebuild its industries and redefine its economic identity.

💡Licensing Raj

The Licensing Raj refers to the period in India's economic history from 1950 to 1990 when the government controlled industrial production through a licensing system. The script mentions the Licensing Raj as a policy that restricted private enterprise and limited economic growth until economic liberalization in the 1990s.

💡Liberalization

Economic liberalization refers to the reduction or elimination of restrictions on the movement of goods, services, and capital across national borders. The video describes how liberalization in the 1990s led to a boom in India's economy, with increased foreign investment and a rise in India's global trade share.

Highlights

India experienced an industrial revolution due to British rule.

Before British rule, India's textile industry exported 30%, but after it fell to just 3%.

The real question is the extent of the British contribution to India's industrial revolution.

India's current position is not where it would have been without the British impact on its industries.

India's GDP growth could have been 6.3 percent higher with the help of the industrial revolution.

British policies led to a significant decline in the Indian textile industry.

Indian industries were forced to compete with British goods, leading to their decline.

British rule had a monopolistic control over Indian trade, collecting land revenue and customs.

The British bought Indian textiles at low prices and sold them at high prices in England, creating a trade imbalance.

The British government's economic policies after the 1837 report aimed to further establish their control over Indian industries.

India's industries were forced to adapt to British demands, leading to a loss of value and market share.

After independence, India learned to stand on its own and began to rebuild its industries.

India's first point mail weaving and knitting company was established in 1851.

The first stylish false point was made in Bengal's Hugli in 1853, revitalizing the Indian distribution.

Despite the American Civil War, Indian industries could not compete with Manchester's textile prices and quality.

India's industries began to grow again after the American Civil War due to a halt in British cotton exports.

The Tata Iron and Steel Company was established in 1907, marking a significant step in India's industrial growth.

India's industries were significantly behind American and British iron and steel industries.

British policies provided economic conditions that helped Indian industries to grow between 1938 and 1948.

The turning point for Indian industries was the independence of India in 1947.

After independence, India adopted a planned economic model where major industries were under government control.

India's economic growth was slow from 1965 to 1990 due to strict licensing policies.

Economic liberalization began during Rajiv Gandhi's government, leading to India's integration into the global economy.

India's economy started growing at a rate of 6.3 percent since 1999.

India's share in world trade increased from 0.4 percent to 1.5 percent by 2016.

Indian industries like Pharmaceuticals and Petrochemicals are now competing with global living companies.